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Article ; Online: Selenium in Bone Health

Huawei Zeng / Jay J. Cao / Gerald F. Combs

Nutrients, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 97-

Roles in Antioxidant Protection and Cell Proliferation

2013 Volume 110

Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and ... ...

Abstract	Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and modulation of cell proliferation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which Se supports these cellular processes can lead to a better understanding of the role of this nutrient in normal bone metabolism. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular functions of Se relevant to bone health.
Keywords	antioxidant ; bone health ; cell proliferation ; Nutrition. Foods and food supply ; TX341-641 ; Home economics ; TX1-1110 ; Technology ; T ; DOAJ:Nutrition and Food Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Safe and effective delivery of supplemental iron to healthy older adults

Erin D. Lewis / Dayong Wu / Joel B. Mason / Athar H. Chishti / John M. Leong / Kathryn Barger / Simin N. Meydani / Gerald F. Combs

Gates Open Research, Vol

The double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial protocol of the Safe Iron Study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: The forms of iron currently available to correct iron deficiency have adverse effects, including infectious diarrhea, increased susceptibility to malaria, inflammation and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome. These adverse effects limit their use ... ...

Abstract	The forms of iron currently available to correct iron deficiency have adverse effects, including infectious diarrhea, increased susceptibility to malaria, inflammation and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome. These adverse effects limit their use such that the growing burden of iron deficiency has not abated in recent decades. Here, we summarize the protocol of the “Safe Iron Study”, the first clinical study examining the safety and efficacy of novel forms of iron in healthy, iron-replete adults. The Safe Iron Study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Boston, MA, USA. This study compares ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·H2O) with two novel forms of iron supplements (iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) and organic fungal iron metabolite (Aspiron™ Natural Koji Iron)). In Phase I, we will compare each source of iron administrated at a low dose (60 mg Fe/day). We will also determine the effect of FeSO4 co-administrated with a multiple micronutrient powder and weekly administration of FeSO4. The forms of iron found to produce no adverse effects, or adverse effects no greater than FeSO4 in Phase I, Phase II will evaluate a higher, i.e., a therapeutic dose (120 mg Fe/day). The primary outcomes of this study include ex vivo malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) infectivity of host erythrocytes, ex vivo bacterial proliferation (of selected species) in presence of host plasma and intestinal inflammation assessed by fecal calprotectin. This study will test the hypotheses that the novel forms of iron, administered at equivalent doses to FeSO4, will produce similar increases in iron status in iron-replete subjects, yet lower increases in ex vivo malaria infectivity, ex vivo bacterial proliferation, gut inflammation. Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to development of safe and effective forms of supplemental iron to address the global burden of iron deficiency and anemia. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03212677; registered: 11 July 2017.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Integrating Multiple Analytical Datasets to Compare Metabolite Profiles of Mouse Colonic-Cecal Contents and Feces

Huawei Zeng / Dmitry Grapov / Matthew I. Jackson / Johannes Fahrmann / Oliver Fiehn / Gerald F. Combs

Metabolites, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 489-

2015 Volume 501

Abstract: The pattern of metabolites produced by the gut microbiome comprises a phenotype indicative of the means by which that microbiome affects the gut. We characterized that phenotype in mice by conducting metabolomic analyses of the colonic-cecal contents, ... ...

Abstract	The pattern of metabolites produced by the gut microbiome comprises a phenotype indicative of the means by which that microbiome affects the gut. We characterized that phenotype in mice by conducting metabolomic analyses of the colonic-cecal contents, comparing that to the metabolite patterns of feces in order to determine the suitability of fecal specimens as proxies for assessing the metabolic impact of the gut microbiome. We detected a total of 270 low molecular weight metabolites in colonic-cecal contents and feces by gas chromatograph, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, quadrapole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF). Of that number, 251 (93%) were present in both types of specimen, representing almost all known biochemical pathways related to the amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, lipid, membrane transport, nucleotide, genetic information processing, and cancer-related metabolism. A total of 115 metabolites differed significantly in relative abundance between both colonic-cecal contents and feces. These data comprise the first characterization of relationships among metabolites present in the colonic-cecal contents and feces in a healthy mouse model, and shows that feces can be a useful proxy for assessing the pattern of metabolites to which the colonic mucosum is exposed.
Keywords	metabolite ; mass spectrometry ; colon ; cecal contents ; feces ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436 ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Integrating multiple analytical datasets to compare metabolite profiles of mouse colonic-cecal contents and feces

Zeng, Huawei / Dmitry Grapov / Matthew I. Jackson / Joannes Fahramann / Oliver Fiehn / Gerald F. Combs Jr

Metabolites. 2015 Sept. 11, v. 5, no. 3

2015

Abstract	The pattern of metabolites produced by the gut microbiome comprises a phenotype indicative of the means by which that microbiome affects the gut. We characterized that phenotype in mice by conducting metabolomic analyses of the colonic-cecal contents, comparing that to the metabolite patterns of feces in order to determine the suitability of fecal specimens as proxies for assessing the metabolic impact of the gut microbiome. We detected a total of 270 low molecular weight metabolites in colonic-cecal contents and feces by gas chromatograph, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, quadrapole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF). Of that number, 251 (93%) were present in both types of specimen, representing almost all known biochemical pathways related to the amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, lipid, membrane transport, nucleotide, genetic information processing, and cancer-related metabolism. A total of 115 metabolites differed significantly in relative abundance between both colonic-cecal contents and feces. These data comprise the first characterization of relationships among metabolites present in the colonic-cecal contents and feces in a healthy mouse model, and shows that feces can be a useful proxy for assessing the pattern of metabolites to which the colonic mucosum is exposed.
Keywords	amino acids ; animal models ; biochemical pathways ; cecum ; colon ; data collection ; energy ; feces ; gas chromatography ; intestinal microorganisms ; intestinal mucosa ; lipids ; mass spectrometry ; metabolism ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; mice ; microbiome ; molecular weight ; phenotype ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0911
Size	p. 489-501.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo5030489
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A global survey of low-molecular weight carbohydrates in lentils

Johnson, Casey R / Abby Fenlason / Dil Thavarajah / Gerald F. Combs / Pushparajah Thavarajah / Rebecca McGee / Shiv Kumar

Subtropical plant science. 2015 Dec., v. 44

2015

Abstract: Lentils contain a range of low-molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC); however, those have not been well characterized. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the concentrations of LMWC in lentils grown in six locations, and (2) identify any ... ...

Abstract	Lentils contain a range of low-molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC); however, those have not been well characterized. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the concentrations of LMWC in lentils grown in six locations, and (2) identify any genetic and environmental effects on those LMWC concentrations. We analyzed 335 samples from 10 locations throughout 6 countries using high-performance liquid chromatography for sugar alcohols and various mono-, di-, and oligo-saccharides, including raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Mean LMWC concentrations from each country varied widely: sorbitol, 1250â1824mg/100g; mannitol, 57â132mg/100g; galactinol, 46â89mg/100g; sucrose, 1750â2355mg/100g; raffinose+stachyose, 3314â4802mg/100g; verbascose, 1907â2453mg/100g; nystose, 8â450mg/100g; and kestose, from not detected to 244mg/100g. The concentrations of many of these LMWC varied with average temperature and precipitation of the region/country of origin. Significant genotype and genotypeÃlocation effects contributed to the variability in the concentrations of several LMWC, a feature that could prove useful in breeding lentils for novel agro-ecological environments and for consumer preference. The range of LMWC in lentil may contribute to its survival as a crop and its organoleptic and nutritional properties as a whole food.
Keywords	breeding ; consumer preferences ; genotype ; high performance liquid chromatography ; kestose ; lentils ; mannitol ; nutritive value ; nystose ; sorbitol ; sucrose ; surveys ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-12
Size	p. 178-185.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	743572-1
ISSN	0889-1575 ; 1096-0481
ISSN	0889-1575 ; 1096-0481
DOI	10.1016/j.jfca.2015.08.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Prostatic Response to Supranutritional Selenium Supplementation

David G. Bostwick / Gerald F. Combs / J. Steven Morris / Emily C. Chiang / Seema S. Kengeri / Shuren Shen / David J. Waters

Nutrients, Vol 4, Iss 11, Pp 1650-

Comparison of the Target Tissue Potency of Selenomethionine vs. Selenium-Yeast on Markers of Prostatic Homeostasis

2012 Volume 1663

Abstract: Prostate cancer is the product of dysregulated homeostasis within the aging prostate. Supplementation with selenium in the form of selenized yeast (Se-yeast) significantly reduced prostate cancer incidence in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. ... ...

Abstract	Prostate cancer is the product of dysregulated homeostasis within the aging prostate. Supplementation with selenium in the form of selenized yeast (Se-yeast) significantly reduced prostate cancer incidence in the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Conversely, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) showed no such cancer-protective advantage using selenomethionine (SeMet). The possibility that SeMet and Se-yeast are not equipotent in promoting homeostasis and cancer risk reduction in the aging prostate has not been adequately investigated; no direct comparison has ever been reported in man or animals. Here, we analyzed data on prostatic responses to SeMet or Se-yeast from a controlled feeding trial of 49 elderly beagle dogs—the only non-human species to frequently develop prostate cancer during aging—randomized to one of five groups: control; low-dose SeMet, low-dose Se-yeast (3 μg/kg); high-dose SeMet, high-dose Se-yeast (6 μg/kg). After seven months of supplementation, we found no significant selenium form-dependent differences in toenail or intraprostatic selenium concentration. Next, we determined whether SeMet or Se-yeast acts with different potency on six markers of prostatic homeostasis that likely contribute to prostate cancer risk reduction—intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), DHT:T, and epithelial cell DNA damage, proliferation, and apoptosis. By analyzing dogs supplemented with SeMet or Se-yeast that achieved equivalent intraprostatic selenium concentration after supplementation, we showed no significant differences in potency of either selenium form on any of the six parameters over three different ranges of target tissue selenium concentration. Our findings, which represent the first direct comparison of SeMet and Se-yeast on a suite of readouts in the aging prostate that reflect flux through multiple gene networks, do not further support the notion that the null results of SELECT are attributable to differences in prostatic consequences achievable through daily supplementation with SeMet, rather than Se-yeast.
Keywords	prostate cancer ; cancer prevention ; carcinogenesis ; SELECT ; animal models ; Nutrition. Foods and food supply ; TX341-641 ; Home economics ; TX1-1110 ; Technology ; T ; DOAJ:Nutrition and Food Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Association of maternal prenatal selenium concentration and preterm birth

Anisur Rahman / Ana Alfirevic / Kenneth Maleta / Ulla Ashorn / Per Ashorn / Kelli K Ryckman / Stephen H Kennedy / Monjur Rahman / Jesmin Pervin / Cathrine Hoyo / Rasheda Khanam / James A Litch / Aneeta Hotwani / Daniel E Roth / Ge Zhang / Abdullah Al Mahmud / Mikko Hallman / Huan Xu / Zarko Alfirevic /

Jeffrey C Murray / Bellington Vwalika / Susan Murphy / Patrick Musonda / Nagendra Monangi / Angharad Care / Waqasuddin Khan / Joan T Price / Yuemei Fan / Thanh Q Le / Julio A Landero / Gerald F Combs / Elizabeth Belling / Joanne Chappell / Fansheng Kong / Criag Lacher / Nabidul Haque Chowdhury / Furqan Kabir / Imran Nisar / Ambreen Nizar / Javairia Khalid / Said Ali / Mohammed Hamad Juma / Md Munirul Islam / Laura Goodfellow / Juhi K Gupta / Larry Rand / Courtney Baruch-Gravett / Abdullah Baqui / Jane Hirst / Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski / Jeffrey Stringer / Louis Muglia

BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

a multicountry meta-analysis

2021 Volume 9

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Selenium and selenoprotein deficiencies induce widespread pyogranuloma formation in mice, while high levels of dietary selenium decrease liver tumor size driven by TGFα.

Mohamed E Moustafa / Bradley A Carlson / Miriam R Anver / Gerd Bobe / Nianxin Zhong / Jerrold M Ward / Christine M Perella / Victoria J Hoffmann / Keith Rogers / Gerald F Combs / Ulrich Schweizer / Glenn Merlino / Vadim N Gladyshev / Dolph L Hatfield

PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e

2013 Volume 57389

Abstract: Changes in dietary selenium and selenoprotein status may influence both anti- and pro-cancer pathways, making the outcome of interventions different from one study to another. To characterize such outcomes in a defined setting, we undertook a controlled ... ...

Abstract	Changes in dietary selenium and selenoprotein status may influence both anti- and pro-cancer pathways, making the outcome of interventions different from one study to another. To characterize such outcomes in a defined setting, we undertook a controlled hepatocarcinogenesis study involving varying levels of dietary selenium and altered selenoprotein status using mice carrying a mutant (A37G) selenocysteine tRNA transgene (Trsp(tG37) ) and/or a cancer driver TGFα transgene. The use of Trsp(tG37) altered selenoprotein expression in a selenoprotein and tissue specific manner and, at sufficient dietary selenium levels, separate the effect of diet and selenoprotein status. Mice were maintained on diets deficient in selenium (0.02 ppm selenium) or supplemented with 0.1, 0.4 or 2.25 ppm selenium or 30 ppm triphenylselenonium chloride (TPSC), a non-metabolized selenium compound. Trsp(tG37) transgenic and TGFα/Trsp(tG37) bi-transgenic mice subjected to selenium-deficient or TPSC diets developed a neurological phenotype associated with early morbidity and mortality prior to hepatocarcinoma development. Pathology analyses revealed widespread disseminated pyogranulomatous inflammation. Pyogranulomas occurred in liver, lungs, heart, spleen, small and large intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes in these transgenic and bi-transgenic mice. The incidence of liver tumors was significantly increased in mice carrying the TGFα transgene, while dietary selenium and selenoprotein status did not affect tumor number and multiplicity. However, adenoma and carcinoma size and area were smaller in TGFα transgenic mice that were fed 0.4 and 2.25 versus 0.1 ppm of selenium. Thus, selenium and selenoprotein deficiencies led to widespread pyogranuloma formation, while high selenium levels inhibited the size of TGFα-induced liver tumors.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Selenium in Bone Health: Roles in Antioxidant Protection and Cell Proliferation

Huawei Zeng / Jay J. Cao / Gerald F. Combs

Nutrients

Issue (1)

Abstract	Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and modulation of cell proliferation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which Se supports these cellular processes can lead to a better understanding of the role of this nutrient in normal bone metabolism. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular functions of Se relevant to bone health.
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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Article: Selenium in Bone Health: Roles in Antioxidant Protection and Cell Proliferation

Huawei Zeng / Jay J. Cao / Gerald F. Combs

Nutrients

Issue (1)

Abstract	Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and several findings suggest that dietary Se intake may be necessary for bone health. Such findings may relate to roles of Se in antioxidant protection, enhanced immune surveillance and modulation of cell proliferation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which Se supports these cellular processes can lead to a better understanding of the role of this nutrient in normal bone metabolism. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular functions of Se relevant to bone health.
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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