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Article ; Online: Virtuous victims: Disability claimants who over- and under-report.

Whitman, Megan R / Gervais, Roger O / Ben-Porath, Yossef S

2023 Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 1584–1607

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639080-8
ISSN	1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
ISSN (online)	1744-4144
ISSN	0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
DOI	10.1080/13854046.2023.2185686
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Article ; Online: Assessing posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 in a forensic disability sample.

Kremyar, Andrew J / Ben-Porath, Yossef S / Sellbom, Martin / Gervais, Roger O

Journal of clinical psychology

2023 Volume 79, Issue 12, Page(s) 2798–2822

Abstract: Objective: Previous evidence indicates that scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) family of instruments can measure self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology and differentiate symptom clusters, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Previous evidence indicates that scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) family of instruments can measure self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology and differentiate symptom clusters, including in forensic disability assessments. However, limited research has examined assessment of PTSD symptoms with the MMPI-3, the most recent MMPI instrument. The goal of the current study was to identify the strongest MMPI-3 scale predictors of individual PTSD symptom clusters, measured via self-report. Methods: Using a sample of 716 disability claimants (54.2% men; M Results: Results indicate that conceptually expected MMPI-3 scale scores were meaningfully associated with PTSD symptom cluster factors, with the MMPI-3 Anxiety-Related Experiences (ARX) scale demonstrating the strongest and most consistent associations across symptom clusters. Conclusions: Results of the current study largely converge with previous empirical studies of self-reported PTSD symptoms in disability claimant settings with the MMPI instruments. Interpretive implications for the MMPI-3, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Female ; MMPI ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Syndrome ; Problem Behavior ; Anxiety Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219160-x
ISSN	1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
ISSN (online)	1097-4679
ISSN	0021-9762
DOI	10.1002/jclp.23581
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Article ; Online: Paul Green (1951-2020): A Tribute.

Gervais, Roger O / Flaro, Lloyd / Hartman, David E / Rohling, Martin L

Developmental neuropsychology

2020 Volume 45, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 431–434

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632665-1
ISSN	1532-6942 ; 8756-5641
ISSN (online)	1532-6942
ISSN	8756-5641
DOI	10.1080/87565641.2020.1845341
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Article ; Online: Examination of the MMPI-3 over-reporting scales in a forensic disability sample.

Tylicki, Jessica L / Gervais, Roger O / Ben-Porath, Yossef S

The Clinical neuropsychologist

2020 Volume 36, Issue 7, Page(s) 1878–1901

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Disability Evaluation ; Humans ; MMPI ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Malingering/psychology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639080-8
ISSN	1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
ISSN (online)	1744-4144
ISSN	0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
DOI	10.1080/13854046.2020.1856414
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Article ; Online: A comparison of the MMPI-2-RF and PAI overreporting indicators in a civil forensic sample with emphasis on the Response Bias Scale (RBS) and the Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS).

Tylicki, Jessica L / Rai, Jaspreet K / Arends, Patricia / Gervais, Roger O / Ben-Porath, Yossef S

Psychological assessment

2020 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–83

Abstract: The Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS; Gaasedelen, Whiteside, Altmaier, Welch, & Basso, 2019) was developed as a Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) indicator of poor performance on Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) in a neuropsychological context. The ... ...

Abstract	The Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS; Gaasedelen, Whiteside, Altmaier, Welch, & Basso, 2019) was developed as a Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) indicator of poor performance on Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) in a neuropsychological context. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the CBS in a forensic disability sample through a series of analyses by comparing it to other PAI validity scales and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2-RF overreporting scales with an emphasis on the Response Bias Scale (RBS), which guided the development of the CBS. The participants in this study were drawn from an archival dataset containing 588 consecutive civil disability claimants. Findings showed the RBS and the CBS yielded similar patterns of negative correlations to PVTs, with RBS effect sizes being somewhat larger in most comparisons. Results of ANOVAs showed that the RBS produced the largest effect sizes in distinguishing between incentive only versus probable/definite malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) groups, followed by the CBS. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity were comparable between the RBS and CBS at liberal cut scores, but the RBS was more specific to detecting Probable/Definite MND at more conservative cutoffs. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that RBS accounted for 6% variance over CBS in the probable/definite MND classification, whereas the CBS accounted for 2% variance beyond the RBS. Overall, the results of this study support the utility of the CBS as the most effective PAI validity scale for detecting MND in a civil disability sample, and the RBS generally outperformed the CBS to some degree in all analyses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bias ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; MMPI ; Male ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Malingering/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Personality Inventory ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0000968
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Article ; Online: Trial 1 versus Trial 2 of the Test of Memory Malingering: Evaluating accuracy without a "gold standard".

Mossman, Douglas / Wygant, Dustin B / Gervais, Roger O / Hart, Kathleen J

Psychological assessment

2017 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 74–85

Abstract: This study examines the accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), a frequently administered measure for evaluating effort during neurocognitive testing. In the last few years, several authors have suggested that the initial recognition trial of ... ...

Abstract	This study examines the accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), a frequently administered measure for evaluating effort during neurocognitive testing. In the last few years, several authors have suggested that the initial recognition trial of the TOMM (Trial 1) might be a more useful index for detecting feigned or exaggerated impairment than Trial 2, which is the source for inference recommended by the original instruction manual (Tombaugh, 1996). We used latent class modeling (LCM) implemented in a Bayesian framework to evaluate archival Trial 1 and Trial 2 data collected from 1,198 adults who had undergone outpatient forensic evaluations. All subjects were tested with 2 other performance validity tests (the Word Memory Test and the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias), and for 70% of the subjects, data from the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition Forced Choice trial were also available. Our results suggest that not even a perfect score on Trial 1 or Trial 2 justifies saying that an evaluee is definitely responding genuinely, although such scores imply a lower-than-base-rate probability of feigning. If one uses a Trial 2 cut-off higher than the manual's recommendation, Trial 2 does better than Trial 1 at identifying individuals who are almost certainly feigning while maintaining a negligible false positive rate. Using scores from both trials, one can identify a group of definitely feigning and very likely feigning subjects who comprise about 2 thirds of all feigners; only 1% of the members of this group would not be feigning. (PsycINFO Database Record
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory and Learning Tests/standards ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0000449
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Article ; Online: An Examination of the Word Memory Test as a Measure of Memory.

Armistead-Jehle, Patrick / Green, Paul / Gervais, Roger O / Hungerford, Lars D

Applied neuropsychology. Adult

2015 Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 415–426

Abstract: This study examined the utility of the Word Memory Test (WMT) as a measure of verbal episodic memory by comparing select WMT subtests to the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) First and Second Editions (CVLT-II) across two samples. Correlations ... ...

Abstract	This study examined the utility of the Word Memory Test (WMT) as a measure of verbal episodic memory by comparing select WMT subtests to the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) First and Second Editions (CVLT-II) across two samples. Correlations between the WMT and CVLT/CVLT-II subtests were statistically significant in the expected direction. Effect sizes were examined to assess the degree to which the WMT memory subtests and the CVLT First Edition subtests discriminated between groups of people who would be expected to differ from each other in verbal memory abilities. Comparison groups included cases of mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury, mixed neurological patients, healthy adult controls, and patients with possible early dementia. Once invalid data were removed by studying only those who passed performance validity testing, it was found that the effect sizes between these groups were comparable. The WMT, CVLT, and CVLT-II were found to discriminate to about the same degree between people differing from each other in age, intelligence levels, and gender. Based on these data from a total sample of more than 3,000 cases, it is concluded that select WMT subtests are commensurate with the CVLT subtests as measures of memory within primarily disability-seeking samples.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain Injuries/complications ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychometrics ; Statistics as Topic ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Verbal Learning/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2327-9109
ISSN (online)	2327-9109
DOI	10.1080/23279095.2014.953678
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Article ; Online: The Generalizability of Overreporting Across Self-Report Measures: An Investigation With the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form and the Personality Assessment Inventory in a Civil Disability Sample.

Crighton, Adam H / Tarescavage, Anthony M / Gervais, Roger O / Ben-Porath, Yossef S

Assessment

2017 Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 555–574

Abstract: Elevated overreporting Validity Scale scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) are associated with higher scores on collateral measures; however, measures used in prior research lacked validity scales. We ... ...

Abstract	Elevated overreporting Validity Scale scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) are associated with higher scores on collateral measures; however, measures used in prior research lacked validity scales. We sought to extend these findings by examining associations between elevated MMPI-2-RF overreporting scale scores and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scale scores among 654 non-head injury civil disability claimants. Individuals were classified as overreporting psychopathology (OR-P), overreporting somatic/cognitive complaints (OR-SC), inconclusive reporting psychopathology (IR-P), inconclusive reporting somatic/cognitive complaints (IR-SC), or valid reporting (VR). Both overreporting groups had significantly and meaningfully higher scores than the VR group on the MMPI-2-RF and PAI scales. Both IR groups had significantly and meaningfully higher scores than the VR group, as well as lower scores than their overreporting counterparts. Our findings demonstrate the utility of inventories with validity scales in assessment batteries that include instruments without measures of protocol validity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362144-0
ISSN	1552-3489 ; 1073-1911
ISSN (online)	1552-3489
ISSN	1073-1911
DOI	10.1177/1073191115621791
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Article ; Online: Inconsistent responding on the MMPI-2-RF and uncooperative attitude: Evidence from cognitive performance validity measures.

Gervais, Roger O / Tarescavage, Anthony M / Greiffenstein, Manfred F / Wygant, Dustin B / Deslauriers, Cheryl / Arends, Patricia

Psychological assessment

2017 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 410–415

Abstract: It is generally well understood that possible reasons for inconsistent responding on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), as measured by the Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN-r) and True Response ... ...

Abstract	It is generally well understood that possible reasons for inconsistent responding on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), as measured by the Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN-r) and True Response Inconsistency (TRIN-r) scales, include reading or language limitations, cognitive impairment, and intentional random responding; however, the interpretive recommendations for the test suggest that higher scores on these scales can also result from an uncooperative test-taking approach. This study utilized a sample of 3,457 predominately non-head injury disability claimants to examine the association between inconsistent responding on the MMPI-2-RF and performance on cognitive tests as well performance validity tests (PVTs), an independent indicator of uncooperative test-taking attitude. Analysis of variance found that both VRIN-r and TRIN-r were associated with statistically lower cognitive test scores. These analyses also supported that TRIN-r was associated with poor performance on collaterally administered PVTs in a subsample of individuals with average reading levels. Illustrating the practical effects of these results, in follow-up relative risk ratio analyses, individuals with elevations on TRIN-r were at up to five times greater risk of PVT failure than those without elevations. Overall, the results of this study provide some support for the interpretation that inconsistent responding on the MMPI-2-RF is associated not only with cognitive/reading problems or limitations but also an uncooperative test-taking approach, particularly for elevated TRIN-r scores. (PsycINFO Database Record
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attitude ; Cognition ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; MMPI ; Male ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Malingering/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0000506
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Article ; Online: Memory complaints inventory and symptom validity test performance in a clinical sample.

Armistead-Jehle, Patrick / Gervais, Roger O / Green, Paul

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

2012 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 725–734

Abstract: Previous work in a disability-seeking sample has demonstrated that as symptom validity test (SVT) scores decline, there is a corresponding increase in subjective reports of memory problems as measured by the Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI). The current ...

Abstract	Previous work in a disability-seeking sample has demonstrated that as symptom validity test (SVT) scores decline, there is a corresponding increase in subjective reports of memory problems as measured by the Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI). The current archival study examined this relationship in a clinical sample of active and retired military service members and their adult family members without overt potential for secondary gain (n= 191). General support for the previously evidenced relationship between SVT performances and MCI responses was found. Select MCI subscales (i.e., Amnesia for Complex Behavior and Amnesia for Antisocial Behavior) were not as strongly correlated with SVT scores as in the previously studied disability-seeking groups. The relationship between performances on an embedded effort measure and MCI scores was not nearly as robust as the relationship between MCI profiles and stand-alone SVTs. The potential clinical implications for these findings are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/classification ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Verbal Learning ; Veterans ; Visual Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632972-x
ISSN	1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
ISSN (online)	1873-5843
ISSN	0887-6177
DOI	10.1093/arclin/acs071
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