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Article ; Online: Mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 in nondomestic felids.

Drozd, Mary / Ritter, Jana M / Samuelson, Jonathan Peter / Parker, Maryanna / Wang, Leyi / Sander, Samantha J / Yoshicedo, Jill / Wright, Louden / Odani, Jenee / Shrader, Trent / Lee, Elizabeth / Lockhart, Shawn R / Ghai, Ria R / Terio, Karen A

Veterinary pathology

2024 , Page(s) 3009858231225500

Abstract: Between September and November 2021, 5 snow leopards ( ...

Abstract	Between September and November 2021, 5 snow leopards (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188012-3
ISSN	1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
ISSN (online)	1544-2217
ISSN	0300-9858
DOI	10.1177/03009858231225500
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Article ; Online: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States.

Feng, Aijing / Bevins, Sarah / Chandler, Jeff / DeLiberto, Thomas J / Ghai, Ria / Lantz, Kristina / Lenoch, Julianna / Retchless, Adam / Shriner, Susan / Tang, Cynthia Y / Tong, Suxiang Sue / Torchetti, Mia / Uehara, Anna / Wan, Xiu-Feng

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4078

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) poses a unique public health risk due to the ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) poses a unique public health risk due to the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist and evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples from free-ranging white-tailed deer across Washington, D.C. and 26 states in the United States between November 2021 and April 2022. We obtained 391 sequences and identified 34 Pango lineages including the Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these white-tailed deer viruses originated from at least 109 independent spillovers from humans, which resulted in 39 cases of subsequent local deer-to-deer transmission and three cases of potential spillover from white-tailed deer back to humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted to white-tailed deer with recurring amino acid substitutions across spike and other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages were introduced, became enzootic, and co-circulated in white-tailed deer.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Deer ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Washington
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-39782-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Probable Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from African Lion to Zoo Employees, Indiana, USA, 2021.

Siegrist, Audrey A / Richardson, Kira L / Ghai, Ria R / Pope, Brian / Yeadon, Jamie / Culp, Betsy / Behravesh, Casey Barton / Liu, Lixia / Brown, Jennifer A / Boyer, Leslie V

Emerging infectious diseases

2023 Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 1102–1108

Abstract: We describe animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a zoo setting in Indiana, USA. A vaccinated African lion with physical limitations requiring hand feeding tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after onset of respiratory signs. Zoo employees were ... ...

Abstract	We describe animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a zoo setting in Indiana, USA. A vaccinated African lion with physical limitations requiring hand feeding tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after onset of respiratory signs. Zoo employees were screened, monitored prospectively for onset of symptoms, then rescreened as indicated; results were confirmed by using reverse transcription PCR and whole-genome virus sequencing when possible. Traceback investigation narrowed the source of infection to 1 of 6 persons. Three exposed employees subsequently had onset of symptoms, 2 with viral genomes identical to the lion's. Forward contact tracing investigation confirmed probable lion-to-human transmission. Close contact with large cats is a risk factor for bidirectional zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 transmission that should be considered when occupational health and biosecurity practices at zoos are designed and implemented. SARS-CoV-2 rapid testing and detection methods for big cats and other susceptible animals should be developed and validated to enable timely implementation of One Health investigations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Lions ; Indiana/epidemiology ; Contact Tracing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2906.230150
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Article: Limited sharing of tick-borne hemoparasites between sympatric wild and domestic ungulates

Ghai, Ria R / Mathew Mutinda / Vanessa O. Ezenwa

Veterinary parasitology. 2016 Aug. 15, v. 226

2016

Abstract: Tick-borne hemoparasites (TBHs) are a group of pathogens of concern in animal management because they are associated with a diversity of hosts, including both wild and domestic species. However, little is known about how frequently TBHs are shared across ...

Abstract	Tick-borne hemoparasites (TBHs) are a group of pathogens of concern in animal management because they are associated with a diversity of hosts, including both wild and domestic species. However, little is known about how frequently TBHs are shared across the wildlife-livestock interface in natural settings. Here, we compared the TBHs of wild Grant’s gazelle (Nanger granti) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in a region of Kenya where these species extensively overlap. Blood samples collected from each species were screened for piroplasm and rickettsial TBHs by PCR-based amplification of 18S/16S ribosomal DNA, respectively. Overall, 99% of gazelle and 66% of sheep were positive for Babesia/Theileria, and 32% of gazelle and 47% sheep were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia. Sequencing a subset of positive samples revealed infections of Theileria and Anaplasma. Sequences sorted into seven phylogenetically distinct genotypes—two Theileria, and five Anaplasma. With the exception of a putatively novel Anaplasma lineage from Grant’s gazelle, these genotypes appeared to be divergent forms of previously described species, including T. ovis, A. ovis, A. bovis, and A. platys. Only one genotype, which clustered within the A. platys clade, contained sequences from both gazelle and sheep. This suggests that despite niche, habitat, and phylogenetic overlap, the majority of circulating tick-borne diseases may not be shared between these two focal species.
Keywords	Anaplasma ; animal husbandry ; Babesia ; blood sampling ; Ehrlichia ; gazelles ; genotype ; habitats ; hosts ; Nanger ; pathogens ; phylogeny ; polymerase chain reaction ; ribosomal DNA ; sheep ; sympatry ; Theileria ; tick-borne diseases ; Kenya
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0815
Size	p. 167-173.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Limited sharing of tick-borne hemoparasites between sympatric wild and domestic ungulates.

Ghai, Ria R / Mutinda, Mathew / Ezenwa, Vanessa O

Veterinary parasitology

2016 Volume 226, Page(s) 167–173

Abstract	Tick-borne hemoparasites (TBHs) are a group of pathogens of concern in animal management because they are associated with a diversity of hosts, including both wild and domestic species. However, little is known about how frequently TBHs are shared across the wildlife-livestock interface in natural settings. Here, we compared the TBHs of wild Grant's gazelle (Nanger granti) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in a region of Kenya where these species extensively overlap. Blood samples collected from each species were screened for piroplasm and rickettsial TBHs by PCR-based amplification of 18S/16S ribosomal DNA, respectively. Overall, 99% of gazelle and 66% of sheep were positive for Babesia/Theileria, and 32% of gazelle and 47% sheep were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia. Sequencing a subset of positive samples revealed infections of Theileria and Anaplasma. Sequences sorted into seven phylogenetically distinct genotypes-two Theileria, and five Anaplasma. With the exception of a putatively novel Anaplasma lineage from Grant's gazelle, these genotypes appeared to be divergent forms of previously described species, including T. ovis, A. ovis, A. bovis, and A. platys. Only one genotype, which clustered within the A. platys clade, contained sequences from both gazelle and sheep. This suggests that despite niche, habitat, and phylogenetic overlap, the majority of circulating tick-borne diseases may not be shared between these two focal species.
MeSH term(s)	Anaplasma/classification ; Anaplasma/genetics ; Anaplasmosis/epidemiology ; Anaplasmosis/parasitology ; Anaplasmosis/transmission ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Animals, Wild ; Antelopes/parasitology ; Babesiosis/epidemiology ; Babesiosis/parasitology ; Ehrlichiosis/epidemiology ; Ehrlichiosis/parasitology ; Ehrlichiosis/veterinary ; Genotype ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Likelihood Functions ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/parasitology ; Sheep Diseases/transmission ; Theileria/classification ; Theileria/genetics ; Theileriasis/epidemiology ; Theileriasis/parasitology ; Theileriasis/transmission ; Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology ; Tick-Borne Diseases/parasitology ; Tick-Borne Diseases/transmission ; Tick-Borne Diseases/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.005
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Article ; Online: A generalizable one health framework for the control of zoonotic diseases.

Ghai, Ria R / Wallace, Ryan M / Kile, James C / Shoemaker, Trevor R / Vieira, Antonio R / Negron, Maria E / Shadomy, Sean V / Sinclair, Julie R / Goryoka, Grace W / Salyer, Stephanie J / Barton Behravesh, Casey

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 8588

Abstract: Effectively preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases requires a One Health approach that involves collaboration across sectors responsible for human health, animal health (both domestic and wildlife), and the environment, as well as other partners. ... ...

Abstract	Effectively preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases requires a One Health approach that involves collaboration across sectors responsible for human health, animal health (both domestic and wildlife), and the environment, as well as other partners. Here we describe the Generalizable One Health Framework (GOHF), a five-step framework that provides structure for using a One Health approach in zoonotic disease programs being implemented at the local, sub-national, national, regional, or international level. Part of the framework is a toolkit that compiles existing resources and presents them following a stepwise schematic, allowing users to identify relevant resources as they are required. Coupled with recommendations for implementing a One Health approach for zoonotic disease prevention and control in technical domains including laboratory, surveillance, preparedness and response, this framework can mobilize One Health and thereby enhance and guide capacity building to combat zoonotic disease threats at the human-animal-environment interface.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Capacity Building ; Laboratories ; One Health ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-12619-1
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Article ; Online: Cross-sector collaboration reduces SARS-CoV-2 risk in deer

Cook, Jonathan D / Rosenblatt, Elias / DiRenzo, Graziella V / Campbell Grant, Evan H / Mosher, Brittany / Arce, Fernando / Christensen, Sonja / Ghai, Ria / Runge, Michael

bioRxiv

Abstract: One Health helps achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, plants, and their shared environments. We describe a multidisciplinary effort to better understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread in white-tailed deer across One Health sectors. We ... ...

Abstract	One Health helps achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, plants, and their shared environments. We describe a multidisciplinary effort to better understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread in white-tailed deer across One Health sectors. We first framed the risk problem with three governance sectors that manage captive and wild deer and human public health. The framing included the objectives for each sector, interactions that facilitate human-to-deer and deer-to-deer transmission, and alternatives intended to reduce risk. We then developed a dynamic compartmental model that linked wild and captive deer herds and humans and simulated SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. For baseline conditions, we estimated that median SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in wild and captive herds varied between 0.03-0.07, incidence between 0.68-1.46, and probability of persistence between 0.64-0.97 across 120-day simulations. We then tested single-sector alternatives alone and in combination with other sector actions. We found that single sector alternatives varied in their ability to reduce transmission and that the best performing alternative required collaborative actions among wildlife management, agricultural management, and public health agencies.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2023.10.13.562192
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Probable transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an African lion to zoo employees

Siegrist, Audrey A / Richardson, Kira L / Ghai, Ria R / Pope, Brian / Yeadon, Jamie / Culp, Betsy / Barton Behravesh, Casey / Liu, Lixia / Brown, Jennifer A / Boyer, Leslie

medRxiv

Abstract: Animal to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not previously been reported in a zoo setting. A vaccinated African lion with physical limitations requiring hand feeding tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after development of respiratory signs. Zoo employees ... ...

Abstract	Animal to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not previously been reported in a zoo setting. A vaccinated African lion with physical limitations requiring hand feeding tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after development of respiratory signs. Zoo employees were screened, monitored prospectively for development of symptoms, then re-screened as indicated, with confirmation by RT-PCR and whole-genome virus sequencing when possible. Trace-back investigation narrowed the source of infection to one of five people. Three exposed employees subsequently developed symptoms, two with viral genomes identical to the lion9s. Forward contact tracing investigation confirmed probable lion-to-human transmission. Close contact with large cats is a risk factor for bidirectional zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 transmission that should be considered when occupational health and biosecurity practices at zoos are designed and implemented. SARS-CoV-2 rapid testing and detection methods in big cats and other susceptible animals should be developed and validated to facilitate timely implementation of One Health investigations.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2023.01.29.23285159
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Cross-sector collaboration is more effective than single sector actions at mitigating SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer

Cook, Jonathan D. / Rosenblatt, Elias / Direnzo, Graziella / Campbell Grant, Evan H. / Mosher, Brittany A. / Arce, Fernando / Christensen, Sonja / Ghai, Ria R. / Runge, Michael C.

bioRxiv

Abstract	One Health helps achieve optimal health outcomes for people, animals, plants, and their shared environments. We describe a multidisciplinary effort to better understand and mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread in white-tailed deer across One Health sectors. We first framed the risk problem with three governance sectors that manage captive and wild deer and human public health. The framing included the objectives for each sector, interactions that facilitate human-to-deer and deer-to-deer transmission, and alternatives intended to reduce risk. We then developed a dynamic compartmental model that linked wild and captive deer herds and humans and simulated SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. For baseline conditions, we estimated that median SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in wild and captive herds varied between 0.03-0.07, incidence between 0.68-1.46, and probability of persistence between 0.64-0.97 across 120-day simulations. We then tested single-sector alternatives alone and in combination with other sector actions. We found that single sector alternatives varied in their ability to reduce transmission and that the best performing alternative required collaborative actions among wildlife management, agricultural management, and public health agencies.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2023.10.13.562192
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Animal Reservoirs and Hosts for Emerging Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses.

Ghai, Ria R / Carpenter, Ann / Liew, Amanda Y / Martin, Krystalyn B / Herring, Meghan K / Gerber, Susan I / Hall, Aron J / Sleeman, Jonathan M / VonDobschuetz, Sophie / Behravesh, Casey Barton

Emerging infectious diseases

2021 Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 1015–1022

Abstract: The ongoing global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease has once again demonstrated the role of the family Coronaviridae in causing human disease outbreaks. Because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first detected in December 2019, ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease has once again demonstrated the role of the family Coronaviridae in causing human disease outbreaks. Because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first detected in December 2019, information on its tropism, host range, and clinical manifestations in animals is limited. Given the limited information, data from other coronaviruses might be useful for informing scientific inquiry, risk assessment, and decision-making. We reviewed endemic and emerging infections of alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in wildlife, livestock, and companion animals and provide information on the receptor use, known hosts, and clinical signs associated with each host for 15 coronaviruses detected in humans and animals. This information can be used to guide implementation of a One Health approach that involves human health, animal health, environmental, and other relevant partners in developing strategies for preparedness, response, and control to current and future coronavirus disease threats.
MeSH term(s)	Alphacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19/virology ; Coronaviridae/isolation & purification ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Reservoirs/veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; Host Specificity ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/isolation & purification ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2704.203945
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