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  1. Article ; Online: Reply to letter to the editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghosal et al.).

    Ghosal, Samit

    Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

    2020  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 449

    MeSH term(s) Coronavirus Infections ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Regression Analysis
    Chemical Substances Glycated Hemoglobin A
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2273766-2
    ISSN 1878-0334 ; 1871-4021
    ISSN (online) 1878-0334
    ISSN 1871-4021
    DOI 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.028
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  2. Article: Finerenone in type 2 diabetes and renal outcomes: A random-effects model meta-analysis.

    Ghosal, Samit / Sinha, Binayak

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1114894

    Abstract: Background: The nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonist finerenone is a new addition to the list of agents (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) conferring renal protection to patients with diabetic ... ...

    Abstract Background: The nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonist finerenone is a new addition to the list of agents (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors) conferring renal protection to patients with diabetic kidney disease. Two recent meta-analyses using the fixed effect model in patients with chronic kidney disease (both diabetic and nondiabetic populations) came to a conflicting conclusion on the effect of finerenone on eGFR decline. This meta-analysis was undertaken exclusively in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) population to explore the robustness and heterogeneity of the effect size by conducting a random effects model meta-analysis along with draft plots and prediction intervals.
    Materials and methods: A database search was conducted using the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Embase to identify relevant citations. Analysis was conducted on the 14
    Results: A pooled population of 13,943 patients from four citations was included for analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias was used to assess the quality of the studies. There was a significant 16% reduction in the renal composite (kidney failure, a sustained decrease of at least 40% in the eGFR from baseline, or death from renal causes) [HR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.92,
    Conclusion: There are significant benefits in renal outcomes associated with finerenone treatment in T2D patients with established chronic kidney disease with a side effect profile comparable to placebo.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy ; Naphthyridines/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances finerenone ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Naphthyridines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114894
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  3. Article: Exploring the comparative cardiovascular death benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a frequentist and Bayesian network meta-analysis-based scoring.

    Ghosal, Samit / Sinha, Binayak

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1168755

    Abstract: Background and aims: Cardiovascular death (CV death) is the most objective component of the primary or secondary endpoint in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) conducted with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is). CV death is often ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Cardiovascular death (CV death) is the most objective component of the primary or secondary endpoint in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) conducted with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is). CV death is often incorporated into primary composite outcomes. It is combined with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in trials with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) at baseline and with hospitalization due to heart failure (hHF) in trials with heart failure at baseline. Unlike the primary composites, CV death reduction by itself demonstrated significant variations among the CVOTs with SGLT-2is. Moreover, the impact of the individual agents within the SGLT-2i group on the reduction in CV death has not been explored objectively. This network meta-analysis was undertaken to construct a hierarchy based on indirect pairwise comparisons and rankings among the individual agents within SGLT-2is.
    Methods: A Cochrane library-based web search yielded 13 randomized controlled trials for analysis. Stata/BE 17.0 and RStudio 2022.07.1 Build 554 software were used to conduct a frequentist and Bayesian network meta-analysis. The effect size was assessed based on the risk ratio (RR). Ranking of the individual agents was performed with a frequentist approach (P-score and a multidimensional scaling [MDS] rank system) and a Bayesian ranking (surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA]).
    Results: Regarding the overall data, SGLT-2is reduced the CV death risk by 12% (RR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96). All three scoring methods resulted in empagliflozin scoring the highest. There was a 15% RR reduction in CV death (95% CI 0.71-1.02) in the ASCVD and multiple cardiovascular risk factor (MRF) groups and an 11% RR reduction in the HF group, with empagliflozin ranking the highest in the former group and dapagliflozin in the latter.
    Conclusions: Empagliflozin ranked the highest compared to the other SGLT-2is in the overall population and the trials including type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with ASCVD or MRF at baseline, while dapagliflozin ranked the highest in the trials of patients with HF at baseline.
    Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022381556, identifier CRD42022381556.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Atherosclerosis/complications ; Bayes Theorem ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Heart Failure/complications ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; dapagliflozin (1ULL0QJ8UC) ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U) ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168755
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  4. Article: Teneligliptin and "Thorough QTc study": thorough enough?

    Ghosal, Samit

    Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy

    2019  Volume 12, Page(s) 1141–1142

    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-15
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2494854-8
    ISSN 1178-7007
    ISSN 1178-7007
    DOI 10.2147/DMSO.S220562
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  5. Article ; Online: "Reply to Letter to the Editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghoshal et al)"

    Ghosal, Samit

    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.028
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article: Reply to letter to the editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghosal et al.)

    Ghosal, Samit

    Diabetes Metab Syndr

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32371189
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article: A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Metabolic Parameters in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

    Sinha, Binayak / Ghosal, Samit

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 830401

    Abstract: Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among women of childbearing age and is associated with multiple morbidities. However, treatment for this condition is mainly applied for symptomatic relief and does not ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among women of childbearing age and is associated with multiple morbidities. However, treatment for this condition is mainly applied for symptomatic relief and does not address the complex pathophysiology of this condition. This meta-analysis was conducted on the usage of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in PCOS because this group of drugs presents an attractive strategy to address the metabolic and hormonal defects by managing the pathophysiological defects observed in this syndrome.
    Methods: We included prospective trials that enrolled patients with established PCOS and compared an SGLT-2i group versus a control group with at least 2 weeks of follow-up. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for effect size estimation from individual studies and was pooled using the fixed effect model.
    Results: We included four trials with a pooled population of 158 patients with documented PCOS who received either an SGLT-2i or standard management. From a metabolic perspective, significant improvements were observed in the reduction in body weight (SMD: -0.68, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.19, <0.01), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD: -0.59, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.19, P<0.01), and insulin resistance as assessed with the HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.39, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.03, P=0.03). In addition, a significant improvement was noted in dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels (SMD: -0.55, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.16, P<0.01).
    Conclusion: SGLT-2i use is associated with salutary outcomes of metabolic and anthropometric markers of PCOS and likely favourable hormonal effects.
    Clinical trial registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021268564], PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021268564.
    MeSH term(s) Body Weight/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Male ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.830401
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  9. Article: Assessing the Effects of Modern Renoprotective Agents in Preventing Progression of Renal Composite Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-analysis.

    Ghosal, Samit / Sinha, Binayak

    Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 415–424

    Abstract: Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, culminating in end-stage renal disease. Approximately two decades after successful implementation of the renin-angiotensin- ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, culminating in end-stage renal disease. Approximately two decades after successful implementation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blocking system, three classes of agents [sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists] have shown significant potential to confer renoprotection. This network meta-analysis was undertaken to construct a hierarchy based on indirect pairwise comparisons and rankings among and within these three classes of molecules.
    Methods: A Cochrane library-based web search yielded 16 randomized controlled trials for analysis. Stata/BE 17.0 and RStudio 2022.07.1 Build 554 software were used to conduct a frequentist network meta-analysis. The effect size was assessed based on the odds ratio, and the MDS (multidimensional scaling) rank system was used to identify a hierarchy among reno-protective molecules.
    Results: Regarding the overall data, the SGLT-2i group of agents ranked higher than the other groups in preventing the progression of renal composite events in patients with T2D. Dapagliflozin ranked the highest among individual molecules.
    Conclusions: The SGLT-2i group of agents, especially dapagliflozin, is best suited to complement metabolic control in preventing the progression of renal composite outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2566702-6
    ISSN 1869-6961 ; 1869-6953
    ISSN (online) 1869-6961
    ISSN 1869-6953
    DOI 10.1007/s13300-022-01359-0
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  10. Article ; Online: The cardiovascular benefits of GLP1-RAs are related to their positive effect on glycemic control: A meta-regression analysis.

    Ghosal, Samit / Sinha, Binayak

    Diabetes research and clinical practice

    2022  Volume 186, Page(s) 109824

    Abstract: Backgrounds and aims: Glucagon-like-peptides 1 receptor analogues (GLP1-RAs) have gained primacy in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D).However, in contrast to the CVOT conducted with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i)there was a ... ...

    Abstract Backgrounds and aims: Glucagon-like-peptides 1 receptor analogues (GLP1-RAs) have gained primacy in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D).However, in contrast to the CVOT conducted with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i)there was a significant reduction in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in some of the CVOT with GLP1-RA. The aim of this analysis is to explore the possible association between cardiovascular outcome benefits with GLP1-RA and HbA1c reduction.
    Methods: A Cochrane library based web search yielded 9 eligible citations for this analysis. The analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software.A meta-regression analysis was performed using HbA1c, weight, and systolic blood pressure reduction as moderators.
    Result: The meta-regression analysis was conducted on a pooled population of 64,236 patients. There was a significant heterogeneity associated with the MACE benefits (Q = 16.88, I2: 52.59, df = 7, p = 0.03). Among the moderators selected to explain the variance in true effects, HbA1c reduction was significant (Q = 7.00, P=<0.001, R
    Conclusion: The MACE benefits associated with GLP1-RAs are dependent on the reduction of HbA1c levels.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Glucose ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Regression Analysis ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-07
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
    ZDB-ID 632523-3
    ISSN 1872-8227 ; 0168-8227
    ISSN (online) 1872-8227
    ISSN 0168-8227
    DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109824
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