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  1. Article ; Online: The research foundation for COVID-19 vaccine development.

    Messan, Komi S / Sulima, Pawel P / Ghosh, Dolan / Nye, Jonathan

    Frontiers in research metrics and analytics

    2023  Volume 8, Page(s) 1078971

    Abstract: The development of effective vaccines in <1 year to combat the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an example of particularly rapid progress in biomedicine. However, this was only made possible by decades of investment in scientific research. ... ...

    Abstract The development of effective vaccines in <1 year to combat the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an example of particularly rapid progress in biomedicine. However, this was only made possible by decades of investment in scientific research. Many important research commentaries and reviews have been provided to describe the various contributions and scientific breakthroughs that led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this work, we sought to complement those efforts by adding a systematic and quantitative study of the research foundations that led to these vaccines. Here, we analyzed citations from COVID-19 vaccine research articles to determine which scientific areas of study contributed the most to this research. Our findings revealed that coronavirus research was cited most often, and by a large margin. However, significant contributions were also seen from a diverse set of fields such as cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS. In addition, we examined the publication history of the most prolific authors of COVID-19 vaccine research to determine their research expertise prior to the pandemic. Interestingly, although COVID-19 vaccine research relied most heavily on previous coronavirus work, we find that the most prolific authors on these publications most often had expertise in other areas including influenza, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. Finally, we used machine learning to identify and group together publications based on their major topic areas. This allowed us to elucidate the differences in citations between research areas. These findings highlight and quantify the relevance of prior research from a variety of scientific fields to the rapid development of a COVID-19 vaccine. This study also illustrates the importance of funding and sustaining a diverse research enterprise to facilitate a rapid response to future pandemics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2504-0537
    ISSN (online) 2504-0537
    DOI 10.3389/frma.2023.1078971
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: An evaluation of programs to support new investigators at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Striking a balance with funding for established investigators.

    Zane, Ariel C / Onken, James / Parker, Marie B / Ghosh, Dolan

    Evaluation and program planning

    2022  Volume 98, Page(s) 102218

    Abstract: As the largest funder of basic biomedical research in the US, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has an interest in maintaining a sustainable, productive workforce of investigators. Over the years, NIH has implemented several programs to attract ... ...

    Abstract As the largest funder of basic biomedical research in the US, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has an interest in maintaining a sustainable, productive workforce of investigators. Over the years, NIH has implemented several programs to attract early-stage investigators and other applicants without prior NIH support. The latest of these is the Next Generation Researchers Initiative. These programs have been shown to be successful in meeting NIH-wide goals but their success for any particular NIH institute or center (IC), and in any particular year, is determined by a variety of factors, some extrinsic to an IC's funding decision process. Each IC must balance support for new investigators with funding for productive ongoing programs of research. We examine historical trends in support of new investigators at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) over a 22-year period, as well as trends in some major extrinsic influences on that support. The results indicate that NIH's new investigator programs have succeeded in maintaining a balance between the support for new NIAID investigators while also continuing to support an expanded pool of established investigators. The programs have been particularly effective in providing support to early-stage investigators.
    MeSH term(s) United States ; Humans ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) ; Program Evaluation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Biomedical Research/methods ; Research Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2013444-7
    ISSN 1873-7870 ; 0149-7189
    ISSN (online) 1873-7870
    ISSN 0149-7189
    DOI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102218
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Research productivity and collaboration of the NIH-funded HIV vaccine trials network: A bibliometric analysis.

    Nye, Jonathan / D'Souza, M Patricia / Hu, Dale / Ghosh, Dolan

    Heliyon

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e06005

    Abstract: The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) is the world's largest publicly funded, multi-disciplinary international collaboration facilitating the development of vaccines to prevent HIV/AIDS and has conducted the vast majority of HIV/AIDS clinical trials ... ...

    Abstract The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) is the world's largest publicly funded, multi-disciplinary international collaboration facilitating the development of vaccines to prevent HIV/AIDS and has conducted the vast majority of HIV/AIDS clinical trials since its inception in 1999. Although scientific findings from the program have been published in scholarly journals, the impact of a large scientific research network such as the HVTN on the HIV/AIDS vaccine field has not been assessed. This paper describes and elucidates the productivity, influence, and collaboration among HVTN researchers over the last two decades. Our analyses indicate that the HVTN has funded a large number of HIV/AIDS vaccine safety and efficacy clinical trials through a strong global network of clinical sites. In addition, several metrics indicate HVTN researchers also published original research articles that are influential in the HIV vaccine field. Scientific research collaboration is critically important in a complex and multidisciplinary field such as HIV vaccine development as it allows improved sharing of knowledge and expertise as well as the pooling of resources and data. We found that collaboration in the HIV vaccine field increased during this time period and collaboration among HVTN authors increased even more. Combining these productivity, influence, and collaboration metrics with research outcomes can provide a comprehensive assessment of large complex programs such as the HVTN.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Inhibition of transcription by the Caenorhabditis elegans germline protein PIE-1: genetic evidence for distinct mechanisms targeting initiation and elongation.

    Ghosh, Dolan / Seydoux, Geraldine

    Genetics

    2008  Volume 178, Issue 1, Page(s) 235–243

    Abstract: In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, specification of the germ lineage depends on PIE-1, a maternal protein that blocks mRNA transcription in germline blastomeres. Studies in mammalian cell culture have suggested that PIE-1 inhibits P-TEFb, a kinase that ... ...

    Abstract In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, specification of the germ lineage depends on PIE-1, a maternal protein that blocks mRNA transcription in germline blastomeres. Studies in mammalian cell culture have suggested that PIE-1 inhibits P-TEFb, a kinase that phosphorylates serine 2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) repeats of RNA polymerase II during transcriptional elongation. We have tested this hypothesis using an in vivo complementation assay for PIE-1 function. Our results support the view that PIE-1 inhibits P-TEFb using the CTD-like motif YAPMAPT. This activity is required to block serine 2 phosphorylation in germline blastomeres, but unexpectedly is not essential for transcriptional repression or specification of the germline. We find that sequences outside of the YAPMAPT are required to inhibit serine 5 phosphorylation, and that this second inhibitory mechanism is essential for transcriptional repression and specification of the germ lineage. Our results suggest that PIE-1 uses partially redundant mechanisms to block transcription by targeting both the initiation and elongation phases of the transcription cycle.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blastomeres/cytology ; Blastomeres/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zygote/cytology ; Zygote/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cyclins ; Nuclear Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; pie-1 protein, C elegans ; Phosphoserine (17885-08-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2167-2
    ISSN 1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
    ISSN (online) 1943-2631
    ISSN 0016-6731
    DOI 10.1534/genetics.107.083212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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