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Article: Biocompatible strategies for peptide macrocyclisation.

He, Junming / Ghosh, Pritha / Nitsche, Christoph

2024 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) 2300–2322

Abstract: Peptides are increasingly important drug candidates, offering numerous advantages over conventional small molecules. However, they face significant challenges related to stability, cellular uptake and overall bioavailability. While individual ... ...

Abstract	Peptides are increasingly important drug candidates, offering numerous advantages over conventional small molecules. However, they face significant challenges related to stability, cellular uptake and overall bioavailability. While individual modifications may not address all these challenges, macrocyclisation stands out as a single modification capable of enhancing affinity, selectivity, proteolytic stability and membrane permeability. The recent successes of
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2559110-1
ISSN	2041-6539 ; 2041-6520
ISSN (online)	2041-6539
ISSN	2041-6520
DOI	10.1039/d3sc05738k
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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban green and blue spaces using geospatial techniques in Chandannagar city, India

Ghosh, Pritha / Singh, Kiran Kumari

GeoJournal. 2022 Dec., v. 87, no. 6 p.4671-4688

2022

Abstract: Green and blue spaces are important landscape elements in a city and there is strong literary evidence available regarding the ecological, social, cultural and recreational benefits of these spaces to people and urban sustainability. Comprehensive ... ...

Abstract	Green and blue spaces are important landscape elements in a city and there is strong literary evidence available regarding the ecological, social, cultural and recreational benefits of these spaces to people and urban sustainability. Comprehensive quantitative assessment of these spaces is gaining scientific recognition for their utility in sustainable urban planning and drafting greening policies. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal change in urban green and blue spaces in Chandannagar city, India through quantitative assessment for the years 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2020 using Landsat data of 30 m spatial resolution. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalised Difference Water Index was applied to extract information on urban green and blue spaces. The classified maps were validated through field observations and Google earth images. Spatio-temporal analysis was carried out at ward level to analyze the distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) at the micro level. The result indicated that there was a reduction in green and blue spaces in the central and eastern parts of the city while there was a good amount of UGS in the western part of the city. The findings of this study shed light on important policy implications for the UGS planning in the city.
Keywords	Internet ; Landsat ; issues and policy ; landscapes ; normalized difference vegetation index ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 4671-4688.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	715360-0
ISSN	1572-9893 ; 0343-2521
ISSN (online)	1572-9893
ISSN	0343-2521
DOI	10.1007/s10708-021-10524-0
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: AI-Powered Chatbots in Medical Education: Potential Applications and Implications.

Ghorashi, Nima / Ismail, Ahmed / Ghosh, Pritha / Sidawy, Anton / Javan, Ramin

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e43271

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to have a considerable impact on the routine practice of medicine, spanning from medical education to clinical practice across specialties and, ultimately, patient care. With the imminent widespread adoption of ...

Abstract	Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to have a considerable impact on the routine practice of medicine, spanning from medical education to clinical practice across specialties and, ultimately, patient care. With the imminent widespread adoption of AI in medical practice, it is imperative that medical schools adapt to the use of these advanced technologies in their curriculum to produce future healthcare professionals who can seamlessly integrate these tools into practice. Chatbots, AI systems programmed to process and generate human language, are currently being evaluated for various tasks in medical education. This paper explores the potential applications and implications of chatbots in medical education, specifically in learning and research. With their capability to summarize, simplify complex concepts, automate the creation of memory aids, and serve as an interactive tutor and point-of-care medical reference, chatbots have the potential to enhance students' comprehension, retention, and application of medical knowledge in real-time. While the integration of AI-powered chatbots in medical education presents numerous advantages, it is crucial for students to use these tools as assistive tools rather than relying on them entirely. Chatbots should be programmed to reference evidence-based medical resources and produce precise and trustworthy content that adheres to medical science standards, scientific writing guidelines, and ethical considerations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.43271
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Article ; Online: CH-π interaction between cross-strand amino acid pairs stabilizes β-hairpins.

Ghosh, Pritha / Chatterjee, Jayanta

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

2020 Volume 56, Issue 92, Page(s) 14447–14450

Abstract: We identified several CH-π donor-acceptor pairs involving amino acid side chains with less polarized C-H bonds at a solvent-exposed site between the strands of a β-hairpin peptide. Therein, we observe a distance-dependent induction of CH-π interaction ... ...

Abstract	We identified several CH-π donor-acceptor pairs involving amino acid side chains with less polarized C-H bonds at a solvent-exposed site between the strands of a β-hairpin peptide. Therein, we observe a distance-dependent induction of CH-π interaction within the aliphatic-aromatic amino acid pair. Our results also suggest an interplay of hydrophobicity and CH-π interaction in dictating the stability of β-hairpins, where a leucine-tryptophan pair contributes -1.14 kcal mol-1 to the overall foldedness of the β-hairpin.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/d0cc05653g
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Article ; Online: Mycophenolate mofetil for the long-term treatment of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: A case report.

Sanz, Marta / Chernet, Sofia / Shymansky, John / Mandel, Alexandra / Chitrakar, Alisha / Kaminski, Henry J / Ghosh, Pritha / Soriano-Sarabia, Natalia

Journal of neuroimmunology

2024 Volume 388, Page(s) 578294

Abstract: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Current treatment options for HAM/TSP are limited. We present a woman with rapidly-progressive HAM/TSP with significant, sustained ... ...

Abstract	Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Current treatment options for HAM/TSP are limited. We present a woman with rapidly-progressive HAM/TSP with significant, sustained clinical improvement following initiation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient, her asymptomatic carrier husband and eight healthy controls were isolated. Frequencies of T-cell populations upon exposure to low and high MMA concentrations and differences in proliferation were analyzed using flow cytometry and a CSFE-proliferation assay. Characterization of T-cell function and proliferation showed higher levels of GranzymeB in HTLV-1+ donors. The improvement and stability of symptoms in this patient with HAM/TSP following MMA initiation requires further study as a potential treatment for HAM/TSP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology ; Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/drug therapy ; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Mycophenolic Acid (HU9DX48N0T)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	8335-5
ISSN	1872-8421 ; 0165-5728
ISSN (online)	1872-8421
ISSN	0165-5728
DOI	10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578294
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Article ; Online: Bi-allelic variants in PNPLA6 possibly associated with Parkinsonian features in addition to spastic paraplegia phenotype.

Sen, Kuntal / Finau, Melesilika / Ghosh, Pritha

Journal of neurology

2020 Volume 267, Issue 9, Page(s) 2749–2753

Abstract: Variants in the PNPLA6 gene are known to cause 4 distinct phenotypes. One known phenotype is Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 39 (HSP 39), a rare neurodegenerative condition characterized by variable onset of lower limb spasticity, weakness and ataxia. ...

Abstract	Variants in the PNPLA6 gene are known to cause 4 distinct phenotypes. One known phenotype is Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 39 (HSP 39), a rare neurodegenerative condition characterized by variable onset of lower limb spasticity, weakness and ataxia. Little is known about complications of HSP 39 in adulthood. Here, we report a family of three siblings who presented with bilateral lower limb spasticity in childhood, consistent with HSP, with confirmed bi-allellic PNPLA6 mutations. Two siblings developed parkinsonian features in middle age, a novel finding in this sibship. The proband had a positive dopamine transporter scan, indicating degeneration in dopaminergic neurons, and dopa-responsive extrapyramidal symptoms. Testing for known genetic causes of Parkinsonism was negative. The PNPLA6 gene encodes neuropathy target esterase, an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism that is critical to the stability of cell membranes. We hypothesize that the development of Parkinsonism in these patients may be related to the PNPLA6 mutations, as lipid dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alleles ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation/genetics ; Paraplegia/genetics ; Phenotype ; Phospholipases/genetics ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/diagnostic imaging ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/genetics
Chemical Substances	PNPLA6 protein, human (EC 3.1.-) ; Phospholipases (EC 3.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-020-10028-w
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Article ; Online: Bioinformatics comparisons of RNA-binding proteins of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strains reveal novel virulence factors.

Ghosh, Pritha / Sowdhamini, Ramanathan

BMC genomics

2017 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 658

Abstract: Background: Pathogenic bacteria have evolved various strategies to counteract host defences. They are also exposed to environments that are undergoing constant changes. Hence, in order to survive, bacteria must adapt themselves to the changing ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pathogenic bacteria have evolved various strategies to counteract host defences. They are also exposed to environments that are undergoing constant changes. Hence, in order to survive, bacteria must adapt themselves to the changing environmental conditions by performing regulations at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels. Roles of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as virulence factors have been very well studied. Here, we have used a sequence search-based method to compare and contrast the proteomes of 16 pathogenic and three non-pathogenic E. coli strains as well as to obtain a global picture of the RBP landscape (RBPome) in E. coli. Results: Our results show that there are no significant differences in the percentage of RBPs encoded by the pathogenic and the non-pathogenic E. coli strains. The differences in the types of Pfam domains as well as Pfam RNA-binding domains, encoded by these two classes of E. coli strains, are also insignificant. The complete and distinct RBPome of E. coli has been established by studying all known E. coli strains till date. We have also identified RBPs that are exclusive to pathogenic strains, and most of them can be exploited as drug targets since they appear to be non-homologous to their human host proteins. Many of these pathogen-specific proteins were uncharacterised and their identities could be resolved on the basis of sequence homology searches with known proteins. Detailed structural modelling, molecular dynamics simulations and sequence comparisons have been pursued for selected examples to understand differences in stability and RNA-binding. Conclusions: The approach used in this paper to cross-compare proteomes of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains may also be extended to other bacterial or even eukaryotic proteomes to understand interesting differences in their RBPomes. The pathogen-specific RBPs reported in this study, may also be taken up further for clinical trials and/or experimental validations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2164
ISSN (online)	1471-2164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-017-4045-3
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Article ; Online: Optimizing the Use of an Online Self-assessment Exam to Promote Self-directed Learning Behaviors in Medical Students.

Ghosh, Pritha / Jacob, Jeffrey / Goldman, Ellen / Manikoth, Nisha

Medical science educator

2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–85

Abstract: Online self-assessment exams (SAEs) can be used to encourage self-directed learning (SDL) in medical education, but their effectiveness depends on how they are incorporated into the curriculum. In this pilot, we applied adult learning principles to the ... ...

Abstract	Online self-assessment exams (SAEs) can be used to encourage self-directed learning (SDL) in medical education, but their effectiveness depends on how they are incorporated into the curriculum. In this pilot, we applied adult learning principles to the curricular design for implementing an online SAE in the neurology clerkship. We examined student perceptions of the efficacy in promoting SDL behaviors by analyzing survey responses from 76 medical students in the clerkship. Factors in the design and implementation of the SAE that promoted SDL behaviors included fostering autonomy, promoting paced study, broadening content exposure, encouraging self-reflection, and providing content with perceived value.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2156-8650
ISSN (online)	2156-8650
DOI	10.1007/s40670-019-00883-2
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Article ; Online: Performance of Wild Tomato Accessions and Elucidation of Resistance against Invasive Pest Phthorimaea absoluta Damage under Tropical Conditions

Ghosh, Pritha / Jagadish, K. S. / Purushothama, M. G. / Hanson, Peter / Rakha, Mohamed / Sotelo-Cardona, Paola / Vaddi, Sridhar / Srinivasan, R.

Horticulturae. 2023 Jan. 20, v. 9, no. 2

2023

Abstract: Invasive tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea absoluta causes serious damage and yield loss in tomato production in open-field and protected cultivation. Use of chemical pesticides is uneconomical and adversely affects humans and the environment. Host-plant ... ...

Abstract	Invasive tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea absoluta causes serious damage and yield loss in tomato production in open-field and protected cultivation. Use of chemical pesticides is uneconomical and adversely affects humans and the environment. Host-plant resistance is an effective, economical and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. In this study, four wild tomato accessions from the World Vegetable Center along with one susceptible check were evaluated for their antixenosis and antibiosis effects on P. absoluta. The accessions VI037241 (Solanum galapagense) and VI037240 (S. cheesmaniae) were highly resistant, leading to 85% larval mortality under no-choice conditions. Choice assay also showed less oviposition preference and reduced pupal weight. Both VI037241 and VI037240 showed the highest resistance under field conditions. The accessions of S. habrochaites (LA1777) and S. habrochaites var. glabratum (VI030462) demonstrated moderate resistance against P. absoluta. Wild accessions recorded significantly less eggs and leaf damage in field trials compared to the susceptible genotype, S. lycopersicum (CL5915). Trichome density, type and higher production of acylsugar contributed to the insect resistance. Acylsugar production in wild accessions was less during the rainy season but significantly higher than in susceptible genotype. These findings can be useful to develop P. absoluta-resistant tomato varieties in tropics.
Keywords	Solanum galapagense ; Tuta absoluta ; antibiosis ; antixenosis ; genotype ; host plants ; insect resistance ; larvae ; leaves ; mortality ; oviposition preference ; pests ; protected cultivation ; pupae ; tomatoes ; trichomes ; wet season
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0120
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae9020143
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Genome-wide survey of putative RNA-binding proteins encoded in the human proteome.

Ghosh, Pritha / Sowdhamini, R

Molecular bioSystems

2016 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 532–540

Abstract: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in various post-transcriptional gene regulatory processes and are also functionally important members of the ribosome and the spliceosome. However, RBPs and their interactions with RNA are less well-studied in ... ...

Abstract	RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in various post-transcriptional gene regulatory processes and are also functionally important members of the ribosome and the spliceosome. However, RBPs and their interactions with RNA are less well-studied in comparison to DNA-binding proteins. We have classified the existing RBP structures, available in complexes with RNA and RNA/DNA hybrids, into different structural families and created Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). These structure-centric family HMMs, along with the sequence-centric family HMMs, were used as a primary database to systematically search the human proteome for the presence of putative RBPs. We have found more than 2600 gene products with RBP signatures in humans, of which around 28% are likely to bind to RNA but not DNA, whereas 9% might bind to both RNA and DNA. 11% of them do not contain an explicit functional annotation yet. Nearly 30% of the putative RBPs are exclusively nuclear, 15% have known disease associations and around 30% are enzymes. Around 40% of the proteins identified in this study are novel and have not been reported by recent large-scale studies on human RBPs.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proteome/chemistry ; Proteome/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Proteome ; RNA-Binding Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2188635-0
ISSN	1742-2051 ; 1742-206X
ISSN (online)	1742-2051
ISSN	1742-206X
DOI	10.1039/c5mb00638d
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