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  1. Article ; Online: Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

    Jia, Wenxuan / Yamamoto, Hiroaki / Kuns, Kevin / Effler, Anamaria / Evans, Matthew / Fritschel, Peter / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Austin, C / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W /
    Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Betzwieser, J / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, C D / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Brooks, A F / Brown, D D / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Compton, C M / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Dooley, K L / Driggers, J C / Dupej, P / Dwyer, S E / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Frolov, V V / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Green, A C / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Mansell, G L / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McCuller, L / McIver, J / McRae, T / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Mullavey, A / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Pele, A / Penhorwood, R / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetzl, D / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R M S / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Tse, M / Urban, A L / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Whittle, C / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Physical review letters

    2021  Volume 127, Issue 24, Page(s) 241102

    Abstract: High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface ... ...

    Abstract High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object.

    Whittle, Chris / Hall, Evan D / Dwyer, Sheila / Mavalvala, Nergis / Sudhir, Vivishek / Abbott, R / Ananyeva, A / Austin, C / Barsotti, L / Betzwieser, J / Blair, C D / Brooks, A F / Brown, D D / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Driggers, J C / Effler, A / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Fritschel, P /
    Frolov, V V / Hardwick, T / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / Kissel, J S / Mansell, G L / Matichard, F / McCuller, L / McRae, T / Mullavey, A / Pele, A / Schofield, R M S / Sigg, D / Tse, M / Vajente, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W / Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Compton, C M / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Dooley, K L / Dupej, P / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Green, A C / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / King, P J / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Penhorwood, R / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetz, D / Schnabel, R / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Urban, A L / Valdes, G / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yamamoto, H / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2021  Volume 372, Issue 6548, Page(s) 1333–1336

    Abstract: The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's ... ...

    Abstract The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abh2634
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Quantum-Enhanced Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy.

    Tse, M / Yu, Haocun / Kijbunchoo, N / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Dupej, P / Barsotti, L / Blair, C D / Brown, D D / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Evans, M / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Green, A C / Mansell, G L / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McClelland, D E / McCuller, L /
    McRae, T / Miller, J / Mullavey, A / Oelker, E / Phinney, I Y / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Vo, T / Ward, R L / Whittle, C / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Austin, C / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W / Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Betzwieser, J / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Brooks, A F / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Driggers, J C / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Gupta, Anchal / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / McCarthy, R / McCormick, S / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, R J / O'Reilly, B / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Pele, A / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetzl, D / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R M S / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Urban, A L / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yamamoto, H / Yap, M J / Yu, Hang / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Physical review letters

    2019  Volume 123, Issue 23, Page(s) 231107

    Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves ... ...

    Abstract The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves with the Advanced LIGO H1 and L1 detectors. This achievement is the culmination of decades of research to implement squeezed states in gravitational-wave detectors. During the ongoing O3 observation run, squeezed states are improving the sensitivity of the LIGO interferometers to signals above 50 Hz by up to 3 dB, thereby increasing the expected detection rate by 40% (H1) and 50% (L1).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.231107
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: First Demonstration of Electrostatic Damping of Parametric Instability at Advanced LIGO.

    Blair, Carl / Gras, Slawek / Abbott, Richard / Aston, Stuart / Betzwieser, Joseph / Blair, David / DeRosa, Ryan / Evans, Matthew / Frolov, Valera / Fritschel, Peter / Grote, Hartmut / Hardwick, Terra / Liu, Jian / Lormand, Marc / Miller, John / Mullavey, Adam / O'Reilly, Brian / Zhao, Chunnong / Abbott, B P /
    Abbott, T D / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Anderson, S B / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Ballmer, S W / Barker, D / Barr, B / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J / Bartos, I / Batch, J C / Bell, A S / Billingsley, G / Birch, J / Biscans, S / Biwer, C / Bork, R / Brooks, A F / Ciani, G / Clara, F / Countryman, S T / Cowart, M J / Coyne, D C / Cumming, A / Cunningham, L / Danzmann, K / Da Silva Costa, C F / Daw, E J / DeBra, D / DeSalvo, R / Dooley, K L / Doravari, S / Driggers, J C / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Factourovich, M / Fair, H / Fernández Galiana, A / Fisher, R P / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Goetz, E / Goetz, R / Gray, C / Gushwa, K E / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hammond, G / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Harry, G M / Heintze, M C / Heptonstall, A W / Hough, J / Izumi, K / Jones, R / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kaufer, S / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, E J / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Korth, W Z / Kuehn, G / Landry, M / Lantz, B / Lockerbie, N A / Lundgren, A P / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A S / Maros, E / Martin, I W / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIntyre, G / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merilh, E L / Meyers, P M / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mueller, G / Munch, J / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oppermann, P / Oram, Richard J / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Paris, H R / Parker, W / Pele, A / Penn, S / Phelps, M / Pierro, V / Pinto, I / Principe, M / Prokhorov, L G / Puncken, O / Quetschke, V / Quintero, E A / Raab, F J / Radkins, H / Raffai, P / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Roma, V J / Romie, J H / Rowan, S / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sandberg, V / Savage, R L / Schofield, R M S / Sellers, D / Shaddock, D A / Shaffer, T J / Shapiro, B / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, B / Smith, J R / Sorazu, B / Staley, A / Strain, K A / Tanner, D B / Taylor, R / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Thrane, E / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / van Veggel, A A / Vecchio, A / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Walker, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Weßels, P / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Worden, J / Wu, G / Yamamoto, H / Yancey, C C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Physical review letters

    2017  Volume 118, Issue 15, Page(s) 151102

    Abstract: Interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate with high optical power in their arms in order to achieve high shot-noise limited strain sensitivity. A significant limitation to increasing the optical power is the phenomenon of three-mode parametric ...

    Abstract Interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate with high optical power in their arms in order to achieve high shot-noise limited strain sensitivity. A significant limitation to increasing the optical power is the phenomenon of three-mode parametric instabilities, in which the laser field in the arm cavities is scattered into higher-order optical modes by acoustic modes of the cavity mirrors. The optical modes can further drive the acoustic modes via radiation pressure, potentially producing an exponential buildup. One proposed technique to stabilize parametric instability is active damping of acoustic modes. We report here the first demonstration of damping a parametrically unstable mode using active feedback forces on the cavity mirror. A 15 538 Hz mode that grew exponentially with a time constant of 182 sec was damped using electrostatic actuation, with a resulting decay time constant of 23 sec. An average control force of 0.03 nN was required to maintain the acoustic mode at its minimum amplitude.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.151102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Effects of transients in LIGO suspensions on searches for gravitational waves.

    Walker, M / Abbott, T D / Aston, S M / González, G / Macleod, D M / McIver, J / Abbott, B P / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Anderson, S B / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Ballmer, S W / Barker, D / Barr, B / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J /
    Bartos, I / Batch, J C / Bell, A S / Betzwieser, J / Billingsley, G / Birch, J / Biscans, S / Biwer, C / Blair, C D / Bork, R / Brooks, A F / Ciani, G / Clara, F / Countryman, S T / Cowart, M J / Coyne, D C / Cumming, A / Cunningham, L / Danzmann, K / Da Silva Costa, C F / Daw, E J / DeBra, D / DeRosa, R T / DeSalvo, R / Dooley, K L / Doravari, S / Driggers, J C / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T M / Factourovich, M / Fair, H / Fernández Galiana, A / Fisher, R P / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Goetz, E / Goetz, R / Gras, S / Gray, C / Grote, H / Gushwa, K E / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hammond, G / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Harry, G M / Heintze, M C / Heptonstall, A W / Hough, J / Izumi, K / Jones, R / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kaufer, S / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, E J / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Korth, W Z / Kuehn, G / Landry, M / Lantz, B / Lockerbie, N A / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / MacInnis, M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A S / Maros, E / Martin, I W / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIntyre, G / Mendell, G / Merilh, E L / Meyers, P M / Miller, J / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mueller, G / Mullavey, A / Munch, J / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oliver, M / Oppermann, P / Oram, Richard J / O'Reilly, B / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Paris, H R / Parker, W / Pele, A / Penn, S / Phelps, M / Pierro, V / Pinto, I / Principe, M / Prokhorov, L G / Puncken, O / Quetschke, V / Quintero, E A / Raab, F J / Radkins, H / Raffai, P / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Roma, V J / Romie, J H / Rowan, S / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sandberg, V / Savage, R L / Schofield, R M S / Sellers, D / Shaddock, D A / Shaffer, T J / Shapiro, B / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, B / Smith, J R / Sorazu, B / Staley, A / Strain, K A / Tanner, D B / Taylor, R / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Thrane, E / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Tuyenbayev, D / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / van Veggel, A A / Vecchio, A / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Weßels, P / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Worden, J / Wu, G / Yamamoto, H / Yancey, C C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2017  Volume 88, Issue 12, Page(s) 124501

    Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the transient behavior of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) suspensions used to seismically isolate the optics. We have characterized the transients in the longitudinal motion of ... ...

    Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the transient behavior of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) suspensions used to seismically isolate the optics. We have characterized the transients in the longitudinal motion of the quadruple suspensions during Advanced LIGO's first observing run. Propagation of transients between stages is consistent with modeled transfer functions, such that transient motion originating at the top of the suspension chain is significantly reduced in amplitude at the test mass. We find that there are transients seen by the longitudinal motion monitors of quadruple suspensions, but they are not significantly correlated with transient motion above the noise floor in the gravitational wave strain data, and therefore do not present a dominant source of background noise in the searches for transient gravitational wave signals. Using the suspension transfer functions, we compared the transients in a week of gravitational wave strain data with transients from a quadruple suspension. Of the strain transients between 10 and 60 Hz, 84% are loud enough that they would have appeared above the sensor noise in the top stage quadruple suspension monitors if they had originated at that stage at the same frequencies. We find no significant temporal correlation with the suspension transients in that stage, so we can rule out suspension motion originating at the top stage as the cause of those transients. However, only 3.2% of the gravitational wave strain transients are loud enough that they would have been seen by the second stage suspension sensors, and none of them are above the sensor noise levels of the penultimate stage. Therefore, we cannot eliminate the possibility of transient noise in the detectors originating in the intermediate stages of the suspension below the sensing noise.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5000264
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Search for Subsolar-Mass Binaries in the First Half of Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run.

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    Physical review letters

    2022  Volume 129, Issue 6, Page(s) 61104

    Abstract: We report on a search for compact binary coalescences where at least one binary component has a mass between 0.2  M_{⊙} and 1.0  M_{⊙} in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data collected between 1 April 2019 1500 UTC and 1 October 2019 1500 UTC. We extend ...

    Abstract We report on a search for compact binary coalescences where at least one binary component has a mass between 0.2  M_{⊙} and 1.0  M_{⊙} in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data collected between 1 April 2019 1500 UTC and 1 October 2019 1500 UTC. We extend our previous analyses in two main ways: we include data from the Virgo detector and we allow for more unequal mass systems, with mass ratio q≥0.1. We do not report any gravitational-wave candidates. The most significant trigger has a false alarm rate of 0.14  yr^{-1}. This implies an upper limit on the merger rate of subsolar binaries in the range [220-24200]  Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, depending on the chirp mass of the binary. We use this upper limit to derive astrophysical constraints on two phenomenological models that could produce subsolar-mass compact objects. One is an isotropic distribution of equal-mass primordial black holes. Using this model, we find that the fraction of dark matter in primordial black holes in the mass range 0.2  M_{⊙}<m_{PBH}<1.0  M_{⊙} is f_{PBH}≡Ω_{PBH}/Ω_{DM}≲6%. This improves existing constraints on primordial black hole abundance by a factor of ∼3. The other is a dissipative dark matter model, in which fermionic dark matter can collapse and form black holes. The upper limit on the fraction of dark matter black holes depends on the minimum mass of the black holes that can be formed: the most constraining result is obtained at M_{min}=1  M_{⊙}, where f_{DBH}≡Ω_{DBH}/Ω_{DM}≲0.003%. These are the first constraints placed on dissipative dark models by subsolar-mass analyses.<br />
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.061104
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150  M_{⊙}.

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    Physical review letters

    2021  Volume 125, Issue 10, Page(s) 101102

    Abstract: On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search ... ...

    Abstract On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search sensitive to generic transients. If GW190521 is from a quasicircular binary inspiral, then the detected signal is consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses of 85_{-14}^{+21}  M_{⊙} and 66_{-18}^{+17}  M_{⊙} (90% credible intervals). We infer that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65  M_{⊙}. We calculate the mass of the remnant to be 142_{-16}^{+28}  M_{⊙}, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The luminosity distance of the source is 5.3_{-2.6}^{+2.4}  Gpc, corresponding to a redshift of 0.82_{-0.34}^{+0.28}. The inferred rate of mergers similar to GW190521 is 0.13_{-0.11}^{+0.30}  Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.101102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run.

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    Physical review letters

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 24, Page(s) 241102

    Abstract: We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, ...

    Abstract We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.241102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Constraining the p-Mode-g-Mode Tidal Instability with GW170817.

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    Physical review letters

    2019  Volume 122, Issue 6, Page(s) 61104

    Abstract: We analyze the impact of a proposed tidal instability coupling p modes and g modes within neutron stars on GW170817. This nonresonant instability transfers energy from the orbit of the binary to internal modes of the stars, accelerating the gravitational- ...

    Abstract We analyze the impact of a proposed tidal instability coupling p modes and g modes within neutron stars on GW170817. This nonresonant instability transfers energy from the orbit of the binary to internal modes of the stars, accelerating the gravitational-wave driven inspiral. We model the impact of this instability on the phasing of the gravitational wave signal using three parameters per star: an overall amplitude, a saturation frequency, and a spectral index. Incorporating these additional parameters, we compute the Bayes factor (lnB_{!pg}^{pg}) comparing our p-g model to a standard one. We find that the observed signal is consistent with waveform models that neglect p-g effects, with lnB_{!pg}^{pg}=0.03_{-0.58}^{+0.70} (maximum a posteriori and 90% credible region). By injecting simulated signals that do not include p-g effects and recovering them with the p-g model, we show that there is a ≃50% probability of obtaining similar lnB_{!pg}^{pg} even when p-g effects are absent. We find that the p-g amplitude for 1.4  M_{⊙} neutron stars is constrained to less than a few tenths of the theoretical maximum, with maxima a posteriori near one-tenth this maximum and p-g saturation frequency ∼70  Hz. This suggests that there are less than a few hundred excited modes, assuming they all saturate by wave breaking. For comparison, theoretical upper bounds suggest ≲10^{3} modes saturate by wave breaking. Thus, the measured constraints only rule out extreme values of the p-g parameters. They also imply that the instability dissipates ≲10^{51}  erg over the entire inspiral, i.e., less than a few percent of the energy radiated as gravitational waves.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.061104
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Search for Subsolar Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's Second Observing Run.

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    Physical review letters

    2019  Volume 123, Issue 16, Page(s) 161102

    Abstract: We present a search for subsolar mass ultracompact objects in data obtained during Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In contrast to a previous search of Advanced LIGO data from the first observing run, this search includes the effects of component ... ...

    Abstract We present a search for subsolar mass ultracompact objects in data obtained during Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In contrast to a previous search of Advanced LIGO data from the first observing run, this search includes the effects of component spin on the gravitational waveform. We identify no viable gravitational-wave candidates consistent with subsolar mass ultracompact binaries with at least one component between 0.2  M_{⊙}-1.0  M_{⊙}. We use the null result to constrain the binary merger rate of (0.2  M_{⊙}, 0.2  M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 3.7×10^{5}  Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} and the binary merger rate of (1.0  M_{⊙}, 1.0  M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 5.2×10^{3}  Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}. Subsolar mass ultracompact objects are not expected to form via known stellar evolution channels, though it has been suggested that primordial density fluctuations or particle dark matter with cooling mechanisms and/or nuclear interactions could form black holes with subsolar masses. Assuming a particular primordial black hole (PBH) formation model, we constrain a population of merging 0.2  M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 16% of the dark matter density and a population of merging 1.0  M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 2% of the dark matter density. We discuss how constraints on the merger rate and dark matter fraction may be extended to arbitrary black hole population models that predict subsolar mass binaries.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.161102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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