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Article ; Online: Positive modulation of a new reconstructed human gut microbiota by Maitake extract helpfully boosts the intestinal environment in vitro.

De Giani, Alessandra / Perillo, Federica / Baeri, Alberto / Finazzi, Margherita / Facciotti, Federica / Di Gennaro, Patrizia

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0301822

Abstract: The human gut is a complex environment where the microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in the maintenance of a healthy state. The aim of the present work is the reconstruction of a new in vitro minimal human gut microbiota resembling the ... ...

Abstract	The human gut is a complex environment where the microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in the maintenance of a healthy state. The aim of the present work is the reconstruction of a new in vitro minimal human gut microbiota resembling the microbe-microbe networking comprising the principal phyla (Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, and Actinomycetota), to comprehend the intestinal ecosystem complexity. In the reductionist model, we mimicked the administration of Maitake extract as prebiotic and a probiotic formulation (three strains belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera), evaluating the modulation of strain levels, the release of beneficial metabolites, and their health-promoting effects on human cell lines of the intestinal environment. The administration of Maitake and the selected probiotic strains generated a positive modulation of the in vitro bacterial community by qPCR analyses, evidencing the prominence of beneficial strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) after 48 hours. The bacterial community growths were associated with the production of metabolites over time through GC-MSD analyses such as lactate, butyrate, and propionate. Their effects on the host were evaluated on cell lines of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system, evidencing positive antioxidant (upregulation of SOD1 and NQO1 genes in HT-29 cell line) and anti-inflammatory effects (production of IL-10 from all the PBMCs). Therefore, the results highlighted a positive modulation induced by the synergic activities of probiotics and Maitake, inducing a tolerogenic microenvironment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Grifola ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Ecosystem ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Lactobacillus/physiology ; Bifidobacterium animalis ; Probiotics/pharmacology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0301822
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Raphidiopsis (= Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii pangenome updated: Two new metagenome-assembled genomes from the South American clade.

Laux, Marcele / Piroupo, Carlos Morais / Setubal, João Carlos / Giani, Alessandra

Harmful algae

2023 Volume 129, Page(s) 102518

Abstract: Two Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered from two freshwater metagenomic datasets sampled in 2011 and 2012 in Pampulha Lake, a hypereutrophic, artificial, shallow reservoir, located in the city ...

Abstract	Two Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered from two freshwater metagenomic datasets sampled in 2011 and 2012 in Pampulha Lake, a hypereutrophic, artificial, shallow reservoir, located in the city of Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. Since the late 1970s, the lake has undergone increasing eutrophication pressure, due to wastewater input, leading to the occurrence of frequent cyanobacterial blooms. The major difference observed between PAMP2011 and PAMP2012 MAGs was the lack of the saxitoxin gene cluster in PAMP2012, which also presented a smaller genome, while PAMP2011 presented the complete sxt cluster and all essential proteins and clusters. The pangenome analysis was performed with all Raphidiopsis/Cylindrospermopsis genomes available at NCBI to date, with the addition of PAMP2011 and PAMP2012 MAGs (All33 subset), but also without the South American strains (noSA subset), and only among the South American strains (SA10 and SA8 subsets). We observed a substantial increase in the core genome size for the 'noSA' subset, in comparison to 'All33' subset, and since the core genome reflects the closeness among the pangenome members, the results strongly suggest that the conservation level of the essential gene repertoire seems to be affected by the geographic origin of the strains being analyzed, supporting the existence of a distinct SA clade. The Raphidiopsis pangenome comprised a total of 7943 orthologous protein clusters, and the two new MAGs increased the pangenome size by 11%. The pangenome based phylogenetic relationships among the 33 analyzed genomes showed that the SA genomes clustered together with 99% bootstrap support, reinforcing the metabolic particularity of the Raphidiopsis South American clade, related to its saxitoxin producing unique ability, while also indicating a different evolutionary history due to its geographic isolation.
MeSH term(s)	Cylindrospermopsis/genetics ; Saxitoxin/genetics ; Saxitoxin/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Metagenome ; Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Lakes ; Brazil
Chemical Substances	Saxitoxin (35523-89-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091119-1
ISSN	1878-1470 ; 1568-9883
ISSN (online)	1878-1470
ISSN	1568-9883
DOI	10.1016/j.hal.2023.102518
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Article: Recent Trends on Biosurfactants With Antimicrobial Activity Produced by Bacteria Associated With Human Health: Different Perspectives on Their Properties, Challenges, and Potential Applications.

De Giani, Alessandra / Zampolli, Jessica / Di Gennaro, Patrizia

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 655150

Abstract: The attention towards the bacteria associated with human health is growing more and more, above all regarding the bacteria that inhabit the niches offered by the human body, i.e., the gastrointestinal tract, skin, vaginal environment, and lungs. Among ... ...

Abstract	The attention towards the bacteria associated with human health is growing more and more, above all regarding the bacteria that inhabit the niches offered by the human body, i.e., the gastrointestinal tract, skin, vaginal environment, and lungs. Among the secondary metabolites released by microorganisms associated with human health, little consideration is given to the biosurfactants, molecules with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature. Their role in the complex human environment is not only the mere biosurfactant function, but they could also control the microbiota through the
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.655150
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Article: Sclerosing Mesenteritis as an Uncommon Site of Involvement of IgG4-Related Disease: A Case Report With an Updated Review of the Literature.

Bertoni, Michele / Giani, Alessandra / Tozzini, Silvia / Di Natale, Massimo Edoardo

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e25041

Abstract: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an uncommon immune-mediated disorder most commonly involving the pancreas, lacrimal, and salivary glands. Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing mesenteritis (IgG4-RSM) is a rare site of involvement that ... ...

Abstract	Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an uncommon immune-mediated disorder most commonly involving the pancreas, lacrimal, and salivary glands. Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing mesenteritis (IgG4-RSM) is a rare site of involvement that usually mimics the imaging characteristics of mesenteric malignancies. Herein, we report a case of IgG4-RSM followed by an updated and comprehensive review of the literature. A 73-year-old woman presented with colicky abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium. The findings on contrast medium computed tomography (CMCT) showed a swelling of the mesenteric root with vascular structures surrounded by slightly contrast-impregnated tissue and irregular margins. The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET) showed an area of inhomogeneous and intense hypermetabolism of the mesenteric root. Hence, laparoscopic resection of the mesenteric root was performed to distinguish such masses from malignant tumors, obtaining specimens for histopathologic examination. The latter exhibited tissue infiltration with lymphocytes, IgG4-positive plasma cells, and fibrosis, indicating a diagnosis of IgG4-RSM in the presence of both elevated serum IgG4 levels and the aforementioned imaging findings. With steroid therapy, no clinical signs of re-exacerbation within a one-year follow-up were observed and serum IgG4 levels returned to normality. Aiming to evaluate the real frequency of IgG4-RSM in view of the 2017 Comprehensive Diagnostic Criteria (CDC) of IgG4-RD, we undertook a complete MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus database search of all case reports of IgG4-RSM published so far. Such criteria were met in only six cases with a definite diagnosis. This case highlights the mesentery as a rare site of involvement of IgG-RD and allows us to advance knowledge of IgG4-RSM.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.25041
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Article: Identification of a Novel Biosurfactant with Antimicrobial Activity Produced by Rhodococcus opacus R7

Zampolli, Jessica / De Giani, Alessandra / Di Canito, Alessandra / Sello, Guido / Di Gennaro, Patrizia

Microorganisms. 2022 Feb. 21, v. 10, no. 2

2022

Abstract: Rhodococcus members excrete secondary metabolites, especially compounds which act as biosurfactants. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of Rhodococcus opacus R7 to produce a novel bioactive compound belonging to the class of biosurfactants with ... ...

Abstract	Rhodococcus members excrete secondary metabolites, especially compounds which act as biosurfactants. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of Rhodococcus opacus R7 to produce a novel bioactive compound belonging to the class of biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties during the growth on naphthalene. Chemical and biochemical analyses of the isolated compound demonstrated that the biosurfactant could be classified as a hydrophobic peptide. The ESI-full mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated biosurfactant showed a molecular weight of 1292 Da and NMR spectra evidenced the composition of the following amino acid residues: Ala, Thr, Asp, Gly, Ser. Surfactant activity of the R. opacus R7 compound was quantified by the critical micelle dilution (CMD) method and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was estimated around 20 mg L⁻¹ with a corresponding surface tension of 48 mN m⁻¹. Moreover, biological assays demonstrated that R. opacus R7 biosurfactant peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 29522 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with the minimum inhibition growth concentration (MIC) values of 2.6 mg mL⁻¹ and 1.7 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. In this study for the first time, a hydrophobic peptide with both biosurfactant and antimicrobial activity was isolated from a bacterium belonging to Rhodococcus genus.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; Rhodococcus opacus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; amino acids ; antimicrobial properties ; bacteria ; bioactive compounds ; biosurfactants ; hydrophobicity ; mass spectrometry ; micelles ; molecular weight ; naphthalene ; peptides ; secondary metabolites ; surface tension
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0221
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10020475
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Article ; Online: Population dynamic of bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa in the presence of the invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei.

Silva, Fabiano Alcísio E / Giani, Alessandra

Harmful algae

2018 Volume 73, Page(s) 148–156

Abstract: Aquatic ecosystems have been severely altered by invasive species and a connection has been observed between bivalve invasions and an increase in frequency of cyanobacteria toxic blooms. In South America, the invasive golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, ... ...

Abstract	Aquatic ecosystems have been severely altered by invasive species and a connection has been observed between bivalve invasions and an increase in frequency of cyanobacteria toxic blooms. In South America, the invasive golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, has caused serious environmental and economic impacts, because of its high filtration rates, high population densities and rapid dispersion. Changes in the plankton community have been detected at sites invaded by this species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of this mussel on the growth of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, in laboratory experiments under controlled light and temperature conditions. The cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa and a chlorophyte (Pseudokirchneriella sp.) were used either together or alone as food for the mussels. Density measurements of M. aeruginosa and Pseudokirchneriella sp. growing in vessels with and without mussels were performed daily, and nutrient concentrations in the water were assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results indicated that Pseudokirchneriella sp. acted as a competitor, contributing to reduce densities and growth rates of M. aeruginosa. These effects, however, did not occur in the presence of the golden mussel, when the densities of Pseudokirchneriella sp. were significantly lower, possibly due to selective grazing. Phosphate and nitrate concentrations were always higher in the presence of the bivalves. As previously observed for other invasive mollusks, our results suggest that the golden mussel may have a positive effect on M. aeruginosa by the exclusion of potential competitors as well as by increasing nutrient supply.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bivalvia/physiology ; Microcystis/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2091119-1
ISSN	1878-1470 ; 1568-9883
ISSN (online)	1878-1470
ISSN	1568-9883
DOI	10.1016/j.hal.2018.02.007
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Article: Identification of a Novel Biosurfactant with Antimicrobial Activity Produced by

Zampolli, Jessica / De Giani, Alessandra / Di Canito, Alessandra / Sello, Guido / Di Gennaro, Patrizia

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Rhodococcus
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10020475
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Article ; Online: Heterocyte production, gene expression, and phylogeography in Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii.

Marques, Laísa Corrêa Braga / Lima, Joni Esrom / Pimentel, Juliana da Silva Martins / Giani, Alessandra

FEMS microbiology ecology

2022 Volume 98, Issue 6

Abstract: Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii was described as a subtropical-tropical cyanobacterium, later reported expanding into temperate regions. Heterocyte presence used to distinguish Cylindrospermopsis from the very similar Raphidiopsis, but ... ...

Abstract	Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii was described as a subtropical-tropical cyanobacterium, later reported expanding into temperate regions. Heterocyte presence used to distinguish Cylindrospermopsis from the very similar Raphidiopsis, but recently the two genera were recognized as one and unified. This study aimed to investigate how heterocyte production is related to nitrogen (N) limitation in heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains of R.raciborskii. High N-concentrations did not inhibit heterocyte development in some strains, while prolonged N-starvation periods never stimulated production in others. RT-qPCR was used to examine the genetic background, through the expression patterns of nifH, ntcA and hetR. While gene expression increased under N-restriction, N-sufficiency did not suppress nifH transcripts as previously observed in other diazotrophyc cyanobacteria, suggesting that heterocyte production in R. raciborskii is not regulated by N-availability. Heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains were genotypically characterized to assess their phylogenetic relationships. In the phylogenetic tree, clusters were intermixed and confirmed Raphidiopsis and Cylindrospermopsis as the same genus. The tree supported previous findings of earlier splitting of American strains, while contesting the African origin hypothesis. The existence of two lines of Chinese strains, with distinct evolutionary patterns, is a significant addition that could lead to new hypotheses of the species biogeography.
MeSH term(s)	Cyanobacteria/genetics ; Cylindrospermopsis ; Gene Expression ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283722-5
ISSN	1574-6941 ; 0168-6496
ISSN (online)	1574-6941
ISSN	0168-6496
DOI	10.1093/femsec/fiac052
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Article ; Online: Synergistic Antioxidant Effect of Prebiotic Ginseng Berries Extract and Probiotic Strains on Healthy and Tumoral Colorectal Cell Lines.

De Giani, Alessandra / Oldani, Monica / Forcella, Matilde / Lasagni, Marina / Fusi, Paola / Di Gennaro, Patrizia

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 24, Issue 1

Abstract: Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2•−, HO•, and H2O2) affects the aging process and the development of several diseases. A new frontier on its prevention includes functional foods with both specific probiotics and natural extracts ...

Abstract	Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2•−, HO•, and H2O2) affects the aging process and the development of several diseases. A new frontier on its prevention includes functional foods with both specific probiotics and natural extracts as antioxidants. In this work, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer berries extract was characterized for the presence of beneficial molecules (54.3% pectin-based polysaccharides and 12% ginsenosides), able to specifically support probiotics growth (OD600nm > 5) with a prebiotic index of 0.49. The administration of the extract to a probiotic consortium induced the production of short-chain fatty acids (lactic, butyric, and propionic acids) and other secondary metabolites derived from the biotransformation of Ginseng components. Healthy and tumoral colorectal cell lines (CCD841 and HT-29) were then challenged with these metabolites at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL. The cell viability of HT-29 decreased in a dose-dependent manner after the exposition to the metabolites, while CCD841 vitality was not affected. Regarding ROS production, the metabolites protected CCD841 cells, while ROS levels were increased in HT-29 cells, potentially correlating with the less functionality of glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase enzymes, and a significant increase in oxidized glutathione.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Fruit/metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Panax ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/metabolism ; Prebiotics ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Humans ; HT29 Cells
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Plant Extracts ; Prebiotics ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24010373
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Article: Effects of Inulin-Based Prebiotics Alone or in Combination with Probiotics on Human Gut Microbiota and Markers of Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects

De Giani, Alessandra / Sandionigi, Anna / Zampolli, Jessica / Michelotti, Angela / Tursi, Francesco / Labra, Massimo / Di Gennaro, Patrizia

Microorganisms. 2022 June 20, v. 10, no. 6

2022

Abstract: The gut microbiota is implicated in diverse interactions affecting human health. The present study reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted by administering a new synbiotic formulation composed of two Lactobacillus ... ...

Abstract	The gut microbiota is implicated in diverse interactions affecting human health. The present study reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted by administering a new synbiotic formulation composed of two Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum and L. acidophilus) and one Bifidobacterium strain (B. animalis subsp. lactis) and two types of fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3–5 and inulin-type fructans with 10 DP). The effects of this synbiotic were evaluated on healthy subjects for 28 days and the maintenance of its efficacy was evaluated at the end of a follow-up period of 28 days. The synbiotic treatment contributes to higher biodiversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the community richness with respect to the group with the prebiotics alone and the placebo group. Its positive effect is also reflected in the variation of microbial community structure favoring the beneficial short-chain fatty acids bacterial producers. The amelioration of the health status of the subjects was also established by the reduction of common infectious disease symptom incidence, the stimulation of the gut immune system showing a noteworthy variation of fecal β-defensin2 and calprotectin levels, and the modulation of the response of the respiratory tract’s immune system by salivary IgA as well as total antioxidant capacity biomarkers.
Keywords	antioxidant activity ; biodiversity ; biomarkers ; community structure ; digestive system ; fructans ; fructooligosaccharides ; health status ; human health ; humans ; immune system ; infectious diseases ; intestinal microorganisms ; microbial communities ; placebos ; polymerization ; prebiotics ; probiotics ; respiratory system
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0620
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10061256
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