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  1. Book: Fluctuations and trends in the northern Adriatic marine systems: from annual to decadal variability

    Giani, Michele

    (Estuarine, coastal and shelf science ; 115.2012, Spec. issue)

    2012  

    Institution Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association
    Author's details Michele Giani ... (Guest Eds.)
    Series title Estuarine, coastal and shelf science ; 115.2012, Spec. issue
    Language English
    Size 413 S., Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing place Amsterdam u.a.
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturangaben
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  2. Article: Long-term patterns and drivers of microbial organic matter utilization in the northernmost basin of the Mediterranean Sea

    Manna, Vincenzo / De Vittor, Cinzia / Giani, Michele / Del Negro, Paola / Celussi, Mauro

    Marine environmental research. 2021 Feb., v. 164

    2021  

    Abstract: Marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degrade, transform, and utilize half of the organic matter (OM) produced by photosynthesis, either in dissolved or particulate form. Microbial metabolic rates are affected by a plethora of different factors, spanning from ...

    Abstract Marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degrade, transform, and utilize half of the organic matter (OM) produced by photosynthesis, either in dissolved or particulate form. Microbial metabolic rates are affected by a plethora of different factors, spanning from environmental variables to OM composition. To tease apart the environmental drivers underlying the observed organic matter utilization rates, we analysed a 21 year-long time series from the Gulf of Trieste (NE Adriatic Sea). Heterotrophic carbon production (HCP) time series analysis highlighted a long-term structure made up by three periods of coherent observations (1999-2007; 2008-2011; 2012-2019), shared also by OM concentration time series. Temporal patterns of HCP drivers, extracted with a random forest approach, demonstrated that a period of high salinity anomalies (2002–2008) was the main driver of this structure. The reduced river runoff and the consequent depletion of river-borne inorganic nutrients induced a long-term Chl a decline (2006–2009), followed by a steady increase until 2014. HCP driving features over the three periods substantially changed in their seasonal patterns, suggesting that the years following the draught period represented a transition between two long-term regimes. Overall, temperature and particulate organic carbon concentration were the main factors driving HCP rates. The emergence of these variables highlighted the strong control exerted by the temperature-substrate co-limitation on microbial growth. Further exploration revealed that HCP rates did not follow the Arrhenius’ linear response to temperature between 2008 and 2011, demonstrating that microbial growth was substrate-limited following the draught event. By teasing apart the environmental drivers of microbial growth on a long-term perspective, we demonstrated that a substantial change happened in the biogeochemistry of one of the most productive areas of the Mediterranean Sea. As planktonic microbes are the foundation of marine ecosystems, understanding their past dynamics may help to explain present and future changes.
    Keywords basins ; biogeochemistry ; microbial growth ; particulate organic carbon ; photosynthesis ; prokaryotic cells ; research ; rivers ; runoff ; salinity ; temperature ; time series analysis ; Adriatic Sea ; Mediterranean Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-02
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1502505-6
    ISSN 1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
    ISSN (online) 1879-0291
    ISSN 0141-1136
    DOI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105245
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Climatic and Anthropogenic Impacts on Environmental Conditions and Phytoplankton Community in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)

    Cozzi, Stefano / Cabrini, Marina / Kralj, Martina / De Vittor, Cinzia / Celio, Massimo / Giani, Michele

    Water. 2020 Sept. 22, v. 12, no. 9

    2020  

    Abstract: During the last century, human activities have exerted an increasing pressure on coastal ecosystems, primarily inducing their eutrophication, with a more recent partial mitigation of this phenomenon where improvements of environmental management ... ...

    Abstract During the last century, human activities have exerted an increasing pressure on coastal ecosystems, primarily inducing their eutrophication, with a more recent partial mitigation of this phenomenon where improvements of environmental management practices were adopted. However, a reanalysis of the pressures on coastal zones and surrounding drainage basins is needed because of the alterations induced nowadays by the climate changes. A comparative analysis of long-term oceanographic and environmental data series (1986–2018) was performed, in order to highlight the effects of anthropogenic and climatic disturbances on the phytoplankton community in the Gulf of Trieste (GoT). After the 1980s, the decline in phytoplankton abundance was matched to increasing periods of low runoff, an overall deficit of the precipitation and to a decrease in phosphate availability in the coastal waters (-0.003 µmol L⁻¹ yr⁻¹), even in the presence of large riverine inputs of nitrogen and silicates. This trend of oligotrophication was reversed in the 2010s by the beginning of a new and unexpected phase of climatic instability, which also caused changes of the composition and seasonal cycle of the phytoplankton community. Beyond the management of nutrient loads, it was shown that climatic drivers such as seawater warming, precipitation and wind regime affect both nutrient balance and phytoplankton community in this coastal zone.
    Keywords coasts ; drainage ; environmental management ; eutrophication ; humans ; nitrogen ; nutrient balance ; oligotrophication ; phosphates ; phytoplankton ; riparian areas ; runoff ; seasonal variation ; seawater ; wind ; Adriatic Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0922
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2521238-2
    ISSN 2073-4441
    ISSN 2073-4441
    DOI 10.3390/w12092652
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Long-term patterns and drivers of microbial organic matter utilization in the northernmost basin of the Mediterranean Sea.

    Manna, Vincenzo / De Vittor, Cinzia / Giani, Michele / Del Negro, Paola / Celussi, Mauro

    Marine environmental research

    2020  Volume 164, Page(s) 105245

    Abstract: Marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degrade, transform, and utilize half of the organic matter (OM) produced by photosynthesis, either in dissolved or particulate form. Microbial metabolic rates are affected by a plethora of different factors, spanning from ...

    Abstract Marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degrade, transform, and utilize half of the organic matter (OM) produced by photosynthesis, either in dissolved or particulate form. Microbial metabolic rates are affected by a plethora of different factors, spanning from environmental variables to OM composition. To tease apart the environmental drivers underlying the observed organic matter utilization rates, we analysed a 21 year-long time series from the Gulf of Trieste (NE Adriatic Sea). Heterotrophic carbon production (HCP) time series analysis highlighted a long-term structure made up by three periods of coherent observations (1999-2007; 2008-2011; 2012-2019), shared also by OM concentration time series. Temporal patterns of HCP drivers, extracted with a random forest approach, demonstrated that a period of high salinity anomalies (2002-2008) was the main driver of this structure. The reduced river runoff and the consequent depletion of river-borne inorganic nutrients induced a long-term Chl a decline (2006-2009), followed by a steady increase until 2014. HCP driving features over the three periods substantially changed in their seasonal patterns, suggesting that the years following the draught period represented a transition between two long-term regimes. Overall, temperature and particulate organic carbon concentration were the main factors driving HCP rates. The emergence of these variables highlighted the strong control exerted by the temperature-substrate co-limitation on microbial growth. Further exploration revealed that HCP rates did not follow the Arrhenius' linear response to temperature between 2008 and 2011, demonstrating that microbial growth was substrate-limited following the draught event. By teasing apart the environmental drivers of microbial growth on a long-term perspective, we demonstrated that a substantial change happened in the biogeochemistry of one of the most productive areas of the Mediterranean Sea. As planktonic microbes are the foundation of marine ecosystems, understanding their past dynamics may help to explain present and future changes.
    MeSH term(s) Carbon/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Mediterranean Sea ; Plankton ; Rivers
    Chemical Substances Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1502505-6
    ISSN 1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
    ISSN (online) 1879-0291
    ISSN 0141-1136
    DOI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Phytoplankton temporal dynamics in the coastal waters of the north-eastern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) from 2010 to 2017

    Cerino, Federica / Fornasaro, Daniela / Kralj, Martina / Giani, Michele / Marina Cabrini

    Nature conservation. 2019 May 03, v. 34

    2019  

    Abstract: Phytoplankton community structure was analysed from 2010 to 2017 at C1-LTER, the coastal Long-Term Ecological Research station located in the Gulf of Trieste, which is the northernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea. Phytoplankton abundance and relevant ... ...

    Abstract Phytoplankton community structure was analysed from 2010 to 2017 at C1-LTER, the coastal Long-Term Ecological Research station located in the Gulf of Trieste, which is the northernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea. Phytoplankton abundance and relevant oceanographic parameters were measured monthly in order to describe the seasonal cycle and interannual variability of the main phytoplankton taxa (diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores and flagellates) and to analyse their relationship with environmental conditions. Overall, phytoplankton abundances showed a marked seasonal cycle characterised by a bloom in spring, with the peak in May. During the summer, phytoplankton abundances gradually decreased until September, then slightly increased again in October and reached their minima in winter. In general, the phytoplankton community was dominated by flagellates (generally <10 µm) and diatoms co-occurring in the spring bloom. In this period, diatoms were also represented by nano-sized species, gradually replaced by larger species in summer and autumn. Phytoplankton assemblages differed significantly between seasons (Pseudo-F = 9.59; p < 0.01) and temperature and salinity were the best predictor variables explaining the distribution of the multivariate data cloud. At the interannual scale, a strong decrease of the late-winter bloom was observed in recent years with the spring bloom being the main phytoplankton increase of the year.
    Keywords Miozoa ; autumn ; community structure ; natural resources conservation ; phytoplankton ; salinity ; seasonal variation ; spring ; summer ; temperature ; winter ; Adriatic Sea ; Mediterranean Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0503
    Size p. 343-372.
    Publishing place Pensoft Publishers
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2667603-5
    ISSN 1314-3301
    ISSN 1314-3301
    DOI 10.3897/natureconservation.34.30720
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Flow Regime and Nutrient-Loading Trends from the Largest South European Watersheds: Implications for the Productivity of Mediterranean and Black Sea’s Coastal Areas

    Cozzi, Stefano / Giani, Michele / Ibáñez, Carles / Lazar, Luminita / Raimbault, Patrick

    Water. 2018 Dec. 20, v. 11, no. 1

    2018  

    Abstract: In the last century, large watersheds in Southern Europe have been impacted by a combination of anthropogenic and climatic pressures, which have rapidly evolved to change the ecological status of freshwater and coastal systems. A comparative analysis was ...

    Abstract In the last century, large watersheds in Southern Europe have been impacted by a combination of anthropogenic and climatic pressures, which have rapidly evolved to change the ecological status of freshwater and coastal systems. A comparative analysis was performed for Ebro, Rhône, Po and Danube rivers, to investigate if they exhibited differential dynamics in hydrology and water quality that can be linked to specific human and natural forces acting at sub-continental scales. Flow regime series were analyzed from daily to multi-decadal scales, considering frequency distributions, trends (Mann–Kendall and Sen tests) and discontinuities (SRSD Method). River loads of suspended matter, nutrients and organic matter and the eutrophication potential of river nutrients were estimated to assess the impact of river loads on adjacent coastal areas. The decline of freshwater resources largely impacted the Ebro watershed on annual (−0.139 km3 yr−1) and seasonal (−0.4% yr−1) scales. In the other rivers, only spring–summer showed significant decreases of the runoff coupled to an exacerbated flow variability (0.1–0.3% yr−1), which suggested the presence of an enhanced regional climatic instability. Discontinuities in annual runoff series (every 20–30 years) indicated a similar long-term evolution of Rhône and Po rivers, differently from Ebro and Danube. Higher nutrient concentrations in the Ebro and Po (+50%) compared to Rhône and Danube and distinct stoichiometric nutrient ratios may exert specific impacts on the growth of plankton biomass in coastal areas. The overall decline of inorganic phosphorus in the Rhône and Po (since the 1980s) and the Ebro and Danube (since the 1990s) mitigated the eutrophication in coastal ecosystems inducing, however, a phase in which the role of organic phosphorus loads (Po > Danube > Rhône > Ebro) on coastal productivity could be more relevant. Overall, the study showed that the largest South European watersheds are differently impacted by anthropogenic and climatic forces and that this will influence their vulnerability to future changes of flow regime and water quality.
    Keywords biomass ; coastal ecosystems ; coasts ; eutrophication ; frequency distribution ; freshwater ; humans ; inorganic phosphorus ; nutrient content ; nutrients ; organic matter ; organic phosphorus ; plankton ; pollution load ; rivers ; runoff ; stoichiometry ; water quality ; watersheds ; Black Sea ; Southern European region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-1220
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2521238-2
    ISSN 2073-4441
    ISSN 2073-4441
    DOI 10.3390/w11010001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Stable Carbon Isotopes of Phytoplankton as a Tool to Monitor Anthropogenic CO2 Submarine Leakages

    Relitti, Federica / Ogrinc, Nives / Giani, Michele / Cerino, Federica / Smodlaka Tankovic, Mirta / Baricevic, Ana / Urbini, Lidia / Krajnc, Bor / Del Negro, Paola / De Vittor, Cinzia

    Water. 2020 Dec. 19, v. 12, no. 12

    2020  

    Abstract: This study aims to validate the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) of phytoplankton as a tool for detecting submarine leakages of anthropogenic CO₂₍g₎, since it is characterised by δ¹³C values significantly lower than the natural CO₂ dissolved in ... ...

    Abstract This study aims to validate the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) of phytoplankton as a tool for detecting submarine leakages of anthropogenic CO₂₍g₎, since it is characterised by δ¹³C values significantly lower than the natural CO₂ dissolved in oceans. Three culture experiments were carried out to investigate the changes in δ¹³C of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula during growth in an artificially modified medium (ASW). Three different dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations were tested to verify if carbon availability affects phytoplankton δ¹³C. Simultaneously, at each experiment, T. rotula was cultured under natural DIC isotopic composition (δ¹³CDIC) and carbonate system conditions. The available DIC pool for diatoms grown in ASW was characterised by δ¹³CDIC values (-44.2 ± 0.9‰) significantly lower than the typical marine range. Through photosynthetic DIC uptake, microalgae δ¹³C rapidly changed, reaching significantly low values (until -43.4‰). Moreover, the different DIC concentrations did not affect the diatom δ¹³C, exhibiting the same trend in δ¹³C values in the three ASW experiments. The experiments prove that phytoplankton isotopic composition quickly responds to changes in the δ¹³C of the medium, making this approach a promising and low-impact tool for detecting CO₂₍g₎ submarine leakages from CO₂₍g₎ deposits.
    Keywords Bacillariophyceae ; Thalassiosira ; carbon ; carbon dioxide ; carbonates ; dissolved inorganic carbon ; microalgae ; oceans ; photosynthesis ; phytoplankton ; stable isotopes ; water
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-1219
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2521238-2
    ISSN 2073-4441
    ISSN 2073-4441
    DOI 10.3390/w12123573
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: River water and nutrient discharges in the Northern Adriatic Sea: Current importance and long term changes

    Cozzi, Stefano / Giani, Michele

    Continental shelf research. 2011 Nov. 15, v. 31, no. 18

    2011  

    Abstract: Runoff and nutrient transport by rivers were analysed in the Northern Adriatic continental shelf, in order to evaluate their interannual and multidecal variability, as well as their current contribution to determine freshwater and nutrient budgets in ... ...

    Abstract Runoff and nutrient transport by rivers were analysed in the Northern Adriatic continental shelf, in order to evaluate their interannual and multidecal variability, as well as their current contribution to determine freshwater and nutrient budgets in this marine region. During the years 2004–2007, the runoff in the basin (34.1–64.6km³yr⁻¹) was highly imbalanced, being 84% of freshwater discharged along the western coast, because of the contributions of Po, Adige and Brenta rivers. In the northern and eastern sections of the coast, freshwater discharge by rivers was less important (10 and 6%, respectively), but not negligible in determining the oceanographic properties at sub-regional scales. The oscillations of the transport of biogenic elements (124–262×10³tNyr⁻¹ for TN, 72–136×10³tNyr⁻¹ for DIN, 4.5–11.1×10³tPyr⁻¹ for TP, 2.2–3.5×10³tPyr⁻¹ for PO₄ and 104–196×10³tSiyr⁻¹ for SiO₂) were strictly dependant to the differences in the annual runoff. A strong excess of N load in comparison to P load characterised all rivers, both in inorganic nutrient (DIN/PO4=37–418) and total (TN/TP=48–208) pools, particularly in the northern and eastern areas of the basin. The annual runoff showed significant oscillations for Po on multidecadal time scale, whereas a general decrease (−33%) was observed for the other N Adriatic rivers as the recent discharges were compared to those before the 1980s. During the dry years 2005–2007, a strong reduction of river water flows and nutrient loads was experienced by the N Adriatic ecosystem with respect to years characterised by medium-high regimes. An increased frequency of similar drought periods, due to ongoing climate changes or to a larger human usage of continental waters, would be easily able to significantly change the biogeochemistry of this basin.
    Keywords basins ; biogeochemistry ; climate change ; coasts ; continental shelf ; drought ; ecosystems ; freshwater ; nutrient transport ; pollution load ; river water ; rivers ; runoff ; silica ; Adriatic Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-1115
    Size p. 1881-1893.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0278-4343
    DOI 10.1016/j.csr.2011.08.010
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  9. Book ; Online: CO2 and hydrography acquired by Autonomous Surface Vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea

    Martellucci, Riccardo / Giani, Michele / Mauri, Elena / Coppola, Laurent / Poulsen, Melf / Fourrier, Marine / Pensieri, Sara / Cardin, Vanessa / Dentico, Carlotta / Bozzano, Roberto / Cantoni, Carolina / Lucchetta, Anna / Skjelvan, Ingunn

    eISSN: 1866-3516

    data correction and validation

    2023  

    Abstract: The ATL2MED demonstration experiment involved two autonomous surface vehicles provided by Saildrone Inc. (SD) along a route from the tropical eastern North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea between October 2019 and July 2020. This nine-month long experiment ... ...

    Abstract The ATL2MED demonstration experiment involved two autonomous surface vehicles provided by Saildrone Inc. (SD) along a route from the tropical eastern North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea between October 2019 and July 2020. This nine-month long experiment located in a transition zone between the temperate and tropical belts represents a major challenge in the use of SD. The sensors on board were subjected, to varying degradation degrees depending on the geographical area and the season, to biofouling with consequent deterioration of the acquired measurements. As a result, several maintenance along the mission's course were necessary. We address the difficulty of correcting the data during a period of COVID-19 restrictions, which significantly reduced the number of discrete samples planned for SD salinity and dissolved oxygen validation. This article details alternative correction methods for salinity and dissolved oxygen. Due to the lack of in situ data, model products have been used to correct the salinity data acquired by the SDs, and then the resulting corrected salinity was validated with data from fixed ocean stations, gliders, and Argo floats. In addition, dissolved oxygen data acquired from SDs after correction using air oxygen measurements were tested and found to be in line with the oxygen values expected from temperature and chlorophyll-a data. The correction methods are relevant and useful in situations where validation capabilities are lacking, which was the case during the ATL2MED demonstration experiment. For future experiments, it is recommended that validation samples are collected more frequently. An overview over data availability is found in Section 5, Table 5.
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Coping with seawater acidification and the emerging contaminant diclofenac at the larval stage: A tale from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

    Munari, Marco / Chemello, Giulia / Finos, Livio / Ingrosso, Gianmarco / Giani, Michele / Marin, Maria G

    Chemosphere. 2016 Oct., v. 160

    2016  

    Abstract: Seawater acidification could alter the susceptibility of marine organisms to emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, the combined effects of seawater acidification and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac on survival, ...

    Abstract Seawater acidification could alter the susceptibility of marine organisms to emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, the combined effects of seawater acidification and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac on survival, growth and oxidative stress-related parameters (catalase activity and lipid peroxidation) in the larvae of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated for the first time. An experimental flow-through system was set up to carry out a 96-h exposure of clam larvae. Two pH levels (pH 8.0, the control, and pH 7.8, the predicted pH by the end of this century) were tested with and without diclofenac (0.5 μg/L). After 4 days, mortality was dramatically higher under reduced pH, particularly in the presence of diclofenac (62% of the larvae dead). Shell morphology was negatively affected by both acidification and diclofenac from the first day of exposure. The percentage of abnormal larvae was always higher at pH 7.8 than in controls, peaking at 98% in the presence of diclofenac after 96 h. Instead, shell length, shell height or the ratio of these values were only negatively influenced by reduced pH throughout the whole experiment.After 96 h, catalase activity was significantly increased in all larvae kept at pH 7.8, whereas no significant difference in lipid peroxidation was found among the treatments. This study demonstrates a high susceptibility of R. philippinarum larvae to a slight reduction in seawater pH. Furthermore, the results obtained highlight that acidification enhances the sensitivity of clam larvae to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac.
    Keywords Ruditapes philippinarum ; acidification ; aquatic organisms ; catalase ; clams ; diclofenac ; larvae ; lipid peroxidation ; mortality ; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents ; pH ; seawater
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-10
    Size p. 293-302.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.095
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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