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  1. Article: Independent review of emergency economic stimulus measures: Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19

    Wilkins, Peter / Gilchrist, David / Phillimore, John

    Aust. J. Public Adm.

    Abstract: Major government emergency interventions demand, and generally receive, independent scrutiny. This article looks back at reviews of the Australian government's economic stimulus measures introduced in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis ( ... ...

    Abstract Major government emergency interventions demand, and generally receive, independent scrutiny. This article looks back at reviews of the Australian government's economic stimulus measures introduced in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), in anticipation of reviews of responses to the COVID-19 emergency, noting similarities and differences between the two crises. We examine 10 independent reviews of the Australian government's response to the GFC with a particular focus on their nature and the context in which they occurred. As a result, we identify five themes: when and how often reviews are conducted; recognition of context; the need for clear program objectives; explicit design principles; and governance. We develop a typology of independent reviews that has three key and interrelated dimensions: purpose, timing, and reviewer. We observe that there was patchwork coverage of the GFC measures, with no single report providing a holistic assessment of what was achieved or lessons learnt. We contend that, notwithstanding differences between crises, the typology will aid understanding of the role, key issues, and contributions of reviews that have already been, or will be, commissioned into COVID-19 and future emergency economic stimulus measures.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #609838
    Database COVID19

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  2. Article ; Online: Independent review of emergency economic stimulus measures

    Wilkins, Peter / Gilchrist, David / Phillimore, John

    Australian Journal of Public Administration ; ISSN 0313-6647 1467-8500

    Global Financial Crisis and COVID‐19

    2020  

    Keywords Sociology and Political Science ; Public Administration ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1111/1467-8500.12437
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Attending to the Existential Experience.

    Tarbi, Elise C / Moore, Caitlyn M / Wallace, Cara L / Beaussant, Yvan / Broden, Elizabeth G / Chammas, Danielle / Galchutt, Paul / Gilchrist, Danielle / Hayden, Adam / Morgan, Brianna / Rosenberg, Leah B / Sager, Zachary / Solomon, Sheldon / Rosa, William E / Chochinov, Harvey Max

    Journal of palliative medicine

    2024  

    Abstract: Identifying and attending to the existential needs of persons with serious illness and their care partners are integral to whole-person palliative care (PC). Yet, many PC clinicians, due to individual factors and wider systemic barriers, are ill-prepared ...

    Abstract Identifying and attending to the existential needs of persons with serious illness and their care partners are integral to whole-person palliative care (PC). Yet, many PC clinicians, due to individual factors and wider systemic barriers, are ill-prepared and under-resourced to navigate the existential dimension. In this article, written from clinical, research, and lived experiences, we offer tips to empower PC clinicians to understand, recognize, and respond to patients' and care partners' existential experiences by leveraging their existing skills, collaborating closely with colleagues, exploring their own existential experience, and implementing evidence-based interventions. We propose that by prioritizing existential care within PC, we can shift the culture of health care to better affirm the humanity of both patients and clinicians.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1427361-5
    ISSN 1557-7740 ; 1096-6218
    ISSN (online) 1557-7740
    ISSN 1096-6218
    DOI 10.1089/jpm.2024.0070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Neural Connectivity Subtypes Predict Discrete Attentional Bias Profiles Among Heterogeneous Anxiety Patients.

    Price, Rebecca B / Beltz, Adriene M / Woody, Mary L / Cummings, Logan / Gilchrist, Danielle / Siegle, Greg J

    Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 491–505

    Abstract: On average, anxious patients show altered attention to threat-including early vigilance towards threat and later avoidance of threat-accompanied by altered functional connectivity across brain regions. However, substantial heterogeneity within clinical, ... ...

    Abstract On average, anxious patients show altered attention to threat-including early vigilance towards threat and later avoidance of threat-accompanied by altered functional connectivity across brain regions. However, substantial heterogeneity within clinical, neural, and attentional features of anxiety is overlooked in typical group-level comparisons. We used a well-validated method for data-driven parsing of neural connectivity to reveal connectivity-based subgroups among 60 adults with transdiagnostic anxiety. Subgroups were externally compared on attentional patterns derived from independent behavioral measures. Two subgroups emerged. Subgroup A (68% of patients) showed stronger executive network influences on sensory processing regions and a paradigmatic "vigilance-avoidance" pattern on external behavioral measures. Subgroup B was defined by a larger number of limbic influences on sensory regions and exhibited a more atypical and inconsistent attentional profile. Neural connectivity-based categorization revealed an atypical, limbic-driven pattern of connectivity in a subset of anxious patients that generalized to atypical patterns of selective attention.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2682220-9
    ISSN 2167-7034 ; 2167-7026
    ISSN (online) 2167-7034
    ISSN 2167-7026
    DOI 10.1177/2167702620906149
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: From gold-medal glory to prohibition: the early evolution of cocaine in the United Kingdom and the United States.

    Wielenga, Vicki / Gilchrist, Dawna

    JRSM short reports

    2013  Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) 2042533313478324

    Abstract: As reported in the 2011 World Drug Report, cocaine is likely to be the most problematic drug worldwide in terms of trafficking-related violence and second only to heroin in terms of negative health consequences and drug deaths. Over a period of 60 years, ...

    Abstract As reported in the 2011 World Drug Report, cocaine is likely to be the most problematic drug worldwide in terms of trafficking-related violence and second only to heroin in terms of negative health consequences and drug deaths. Over a period of 60 years, cocaine evolved from the celebrated panacea of the 1860s to outlawed street drug of the 1920s. As demonstrated by the evolution of cocaine use and abuse in the United Kingdom and United States during this time period, cultural attitudes influenced both the acceptance of cocaine into the medical field and the reaction to the harmful effects of cocaine. Our review of articles on cocaine use in the United Kingdom and the United States from 1860 to 1920 reveals an attitude of caution in the United Kingdom compared with an attitude of progressivism in the United States. When the trends in medical literature are viewed in the context of the development of drug regulations, our analysis provides insight into the relationship between cultural attitudes and drug policy, supporting the premise that it is cultural and social factors which shape drug policy, rather than drug regulations changing culture.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563002-7
    ISSN 2042-5333
    ISSN 2042-5333
    DOI 10.1177/2042533313478324
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Audio / Video: Resistance to Pierce's Disease by Transgenic Expression of Plant-Derived Anti-Apoptotic Genes

    Gilchrist, D / Lincoln, J

    Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium. 2007

    2007  

    Keywords Pierce's disease ; disease resistance ; gene expression ; Xylella fastidiosa ; apoptosis ; gene transfer ; genes ; Vitis ; transgenic plants ; signal transduction ; transgenes ; bacteria ; grapes ; signs and symptoms (plants) ; disease control
    Language English
    Size p. 252-255.
    Document type Article ; Audio / Video
    Note Symposium held December 12-14, 2007, San Diego, California.
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Salivary characteristics and dental caries experience in remote Indigenous children in Australia: a cross-sectional study.

    Lalloo, R / Tadakamadla, S K / Kroon, J / Tut, O / Kularatna, S / Boase, R / Kapellas, K / Gilchrist, D / Cobbledick, E / Rogers, J / Johnson, N W

    BMC oral health

    2019  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

    Abstract: Background: While associations between salivary characteristics and dental caries have been well studied, we are not aware of this being assessed in a remote Indigenous child population, where lifestyles may be different from urban children. Our aim was ...

    Abstract Background: While associations between salivary characteristics and dental caries have been well studied, we are not aware of this being assessed in a remote Indigenous child population, where lifestyles may be different from urban children. Our aim was to assess associations between caries experience and putative biomarkers in saliva, accounting for oral hygiene and dietary habits.
    Methods: Children attending schools in an Indigenous community in remote north Queensland, Australia were invited to an oral examination by qualified and calibrated examiners. Salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and loads of mutans streptococci (MS), lactobacilli (LB) and yeasts were determined. Also, data on tooth brushing frequency and soft drinks consumption were obtained via a questionnaire. Caries experience was recorded by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II), and quantified as decayed, missing and filled surfaces. Relationships between the salivary variables and the cumulative caries experience (dmfs+DMFS) in the deciduous and permanent dentitions were examined by multivariate analyses to control the effect of confounders.
    Results: The mean cumulative decayed (DS + ds), missing (MS + ms) and filled (FS + fs) surfaces were 3.64 (SD: 4.97), 1.08 (4.38) and 0.79 (1.84) respectively. Higher salivary MS and LB counts, low tooth brushing frequency and daily soft drink consumption were significantly related to greater caries experience. Caries experience was about twice in those with ≥10^5 CFU/ml saliva counts of MS (mean = 6.33, SD: 8.40 vs 3.11, 5.77) and LB (7.03, 7.49 vs 4.41, 8.00). In the fully-adjusted multivariate model, caries experience in those with higher counts of MS and LB were 51 and 52% more than those with lower counts.
    Conclusions: As with studies in other populations, childhood salivary counts of MS and LB were significantly associated with greater caries experience in this remote Indigenous community. To address the serious burden of oral disease, we are researching ways to promote a healthy oral environment by encouraging good dietary habits, and emphasising the importance of daily tooth brushing with a fluoridated toothpaste. Our ongoing longitudinal studies will indicate the success of measures employed to reduce the counts of bacteria closely associated with cariogenesis and their impact on caries increment.
    Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ), No: ACTRN12615000693527; date of registration: 3rd July 2015.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Queensland ; Saliva/metabolism ; Streptococcus mutans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2091511-1
    ISSN 1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
    ISSN (online) 1472-6831
    ISSN 1472-6831
    DOI 10.1186/s12903-018-0692-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Audio / Video: Functional Testing and Characterization of Pierce's Disease-Induced Promoters from Grape

    Gilchrist, D / Cook, D / Lincoln, J

    Proceedings of the Pierce's Disease Research Symposium. 2007

    2007  

    Keywords Pierce's disease ; Vitis ; disease resistance ; disease control ; DNA ; promoter regions ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; genetic markers ; nucleotide sequences ; bacterial colonization ; spatial variation ; temporal variation ; grapes ; plant tissues ; reporter genes ; gene transfer ; transgenic plants ; transgenes ; Xylella fastidiosa ; Xanthomonas campestris ; assays
    Language English
    Size p. 247-251.
    Document type Article ; Audio / Video
    Note Symposium held December 12-14, 2007, San Diego, California.
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Book ; Online: It's not the size of the gift

    Gilchrist, Duncan / Luca, Michael / Malhotra, Deepak

    it’s how you present it ; new evidence on gift exchange from a field experiment

    (Harvard Business School working paper ; 14-030)

    2013  

    Author's details Duncan Gilchrist, Michael Luca, and Deepak Malhotra
    Series title Harvard Business School working paper ; 14-030
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (22 S.), graph. Darst.
    Publisher Harvard Business School
    Publishing place Cambridge, Mass
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note IMD-Felder maschinell generiert
    DOI 10.2139/ssrn.2331487
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Article ; Online: Protracted amygdalar response predicts efficacy of a computer-based intervention targeting attentional patterns in transdiagnostic clinical anxiety.

    Woody, Mary L / Yang, Jamie O / Cummings, Logan / Gilchrist, Danielle / Graur, Simona / Siegle, Greg J / Price, Rebecca B

    Translational psychiatry

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 121

    Abstract: Individuals with clinical anxiety demonstrate an attention bias toward threatening information, which is thought to be partially driven by heightened amygdala activity to perceived threat. Attention Bias Modification (ABM) is a computer-based treatment ... ...

    Abstract Individuals with clinical anxiety demonstrate an attention bias toward threatening information, which is thought to be partially driven by heightened amygdala activity to perceived threat. Attention Bias Modification (ABM) is a computer-based treatment that trains attention toward neutral stimuli and away from threatening stimuli. Alterations in initial processing of threat have been linked to ABM responses, but the impact of protracted processing in the aftermath of neutral and threatening information on ABM outcomes has not been well studied. Our study tested whether sustained activity in the amygdala, which occurred after neutral and threatening stimuli had been removed, could predict which individuals would respond well to ABM. Unmedicated anxious individuals underwent a baseline fMRI assessment during performance of a task sensitive to protracted emotional processing. Afterward, they were randomized to complete eight sessions of ABM (n = 38) or a sham training (n = 19). ABM patients who displayed greater sustained bilateral amygdalar response in the aftermath of neutral stimuli displayed the least improvement in self-reported (but not clinician-rated) vigilance symptoms. In contrast, amygdalar response did not predict improvement in sham patients. Results suggest that in certain anxious individuals, the amygdala may have a robust protracted response even to subjectively neutral cues, which could make these individuals a poor fit for ABM because of its focus on repeatedly retraining attention toward neutral cues. Findings may help elucidate neural mechanisms of ABM and promote the identification of a subset of anxious patients who would be good candidates for this intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Amygdala/physiopathology ; Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Attention/physiology ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Self Report ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2609311-X
    ISSN 2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
    ISSN (online) 2158-3188
    ISSN 2158-3188
    DOI 10.1038/s41398-019-0458-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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