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  1. Article ; Online: Therapeutic Targets and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer

    Gaetano Gallo / Giuseppina Vescio / Gilda De Paola / Giuseppe Sammarco

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2295, p

    2021  Volume 2295

    Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is ...

    Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is an important factor affecting targeted cancer therapy. The TME has a dynamic composition including various cell types, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as extracellular factors that surround cancer cells and have functional and structural roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, the TME can limit the efficacy of therapeutic agents through high interstitial pressure, fibrosis, and the degradation of the therapeutic agents by enzymatic activity. For this reason, the TME is a fertile ground for the discovery of new drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to present current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the TME composition based on strategies for patients with CRC.
    Keywords tumor microenvironment ; colorectal cancer ; targeted therapy ; angiogenesis ; tumor-associated macrophages ; regulatory T cells ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in the Management of Perianal Fistulas in Crohn’s Disease

    Gaetano Gallo / Vincenzo Tiesi / Serena Fulginiti / Gilda De Paola / Giuseppina Vescio / Giuseppe Sammarco

    Medicina, Vol 56, Iss 563, p

    An Up-To-Date Review

    2020  Volume 563

    Abstract: Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially involves the entire gastrointestinal tract. Perianal fistulizing CD (pCD) is a serious and frequent complication associated with significant morbidities and a heavy negative impact ... ...

    Abstract Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially involves the entire gastrointestinal tract. Perianal fistulizing CD (pCD) is a serious and frequent complication associated with significant morbidities and a heavy negative impact on quality of life. The aim of CD treatment is to induce and maintain disease remission and to promote mucosal repair. Unfortunately, even the best therapeutic regimens in pCD do not have long-term efficacy and cause a significant number of side effects. Therefore, it is mandatory to study new therapeutical options such as the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). These cells promote tissue repair via the induction of immunomodulation. The present review aims to analyze the existing updated scientific literature on MSCs adoption in the treatment of pCD to evaluate its efficacy and safety and to compare the use of bone marrow and adipose tissue derived MSCs, type of administration, and dose required for recovery.
    Keywords mesenchymal stromal cells ; stem cells ; Crohn disease ; perianal fistula ; fistulizing CD ; surgical treatment ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  3. Article ; Online: Mast Cells, microRNAs and Others

    Giuseppe Sammarco / Gaetano Gallo / Giuseppina Vescio / Arcangelo Picciariello / Gilda De Paola / Mario Trompetto / Giuseppe Currò / Michele Ammendola

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 2852, p

    The Role of Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer in the Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine

    2020  Volume 2852

    Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, molecularly and anatomically, that develops in a multi-step process requiring the accumulation of several genetic or epigenetic mutations that lead to the gradual transformation of normal mucosa into ... ...

    Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, molecularly and anatomically, that develops in a multi-step process requiring the accumulation of several genetic or epigenetic mutations that lead to the gradual transformation of normal mucosa into cancer. In fact, tumorigenesis is extremely complex, with many immunologic and non-immunologic factors present in the tumor microenvironment that can influence tumorigenesis. In the last few years, a role for mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B (BRAF) in cancer development and progression has been suggested, and numerous efforts have been made to thoroughly assess their correlation with CRC to improve patient survival and quality of life. The identification of easily measurable, non-invasive and cost-effective biomarkers, the so-called “ideal biomarkers”, for CRC screening and treatment remains a high priority. The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging role of mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), KRAS and BRAF as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, evaluating their influence as potential therapy targets in the forthcoming era of precision medicine.
    Keywords mast cells ; microRNAs ; KRAS ; BRAF ; colorectal cancer ; precision medicine ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  4. Article ; Online: Short-Term Outcomes of Polycarbophil and Propionibacterium acnes Lysate Gel after Open Hemorrhoidectomy

    Gaetano Gallo / Ugo Grossi / Gian Luca Di Tanna / Giulio Aniello Santoro / Gilda De Paola / Giuseppe Clerico / Alberto Realis Luc / Mario Trompetto / Giuseppe Sammarco

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 3996, p

    A Prospective Cohort Study

    2020  Volume 3996

    Abstract: Background: Pain is the most common complication after open excisional hemorrhoidectomy (OEH). We assessed the effectiveness of polycarbophil and Propionibacterium acnes lysate gel (Emorsan ® Gel) on pain control after OEH. Research design and methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pain is the most common complication after open excisional hemorrhoidectomy (OEH). We assessed the effectiveness of polycarbophil and Propionibacterium acnes lysate gel (Emorsan ® Gel) on pain control after OEH. Research design and methods: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing OEH were included. All patients received stool softeners and oral analgesia in the post-operative period. Emorsan ® Gel was also used topically by the last 25 patients (Emorsan ® Gel group (EG)) until Post-Operative Day 20 (POD 20). The primary outcome was the effectiveness of Emorsan ® Gel on pain relief using an 11-point visual analogue scale (VAS). Morbidity, wound healing (WH), and time to work were documented at POD 1, POD 10, POD 20, and POD 40. Results: Of the 50 patients enrolled, twenty-eight (56%) were males; median age, 49 (range, 28–73) years. The VAS score decreased over time in all patients, with significantly lower scores at POD 20 in the EG (1.44 (SD, 1.16) vs. 2.12 (0.93) in the control group (CG); p = 0.045). All patients in the EG achieved complete WH at last follow-up, compared to only 17 (68%) in the CG ( p = 0.004). The likelihood of WH was 66% higher in the EG (OR, 1.66 [95%CI, 0.80–3.44; p = 0.172). Conclusions: Emorsan ® Gel is safe and effective at reducing pain after EOH, promoting earlier WH compared to standard care treatment.
    Keywords Emorsan ® Gel ; hemorrhoidal disease ; hemorrhoidectomy ; pain ; wound healing ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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