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  1. Article ; Online: Partisan animosity through the lens of blame: Partisan animosity can be reduced by a historicist thinking intervention.

    Alam, Raihan / Gill, Michael J

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e0295513

    Abstract: Partisan animosity has been on the rise in America. Partisan animosity involves blame, wherein political partisans blame outparty members for their beliefs and actions. Here, we examine whether a historicist thinking intervention-drawn from research on ... ...

    Abstract Partisan animosity has been on the rise in America. Partisan animosity involves blame, wherein political partisans blame outparty members for their beliefs and actions. Here, we examine whether a historicist thinking intervention-drawn from research on blame mitigation-can reduce partisan animosity. The intervention consisted of three components: (1) a narrative about the idiosyncratic development of one political opponent paired with (2) a message about how unique life experiences shape everyone's political beliefs and (3) a suggestion that outparty members can be changed by future formative experiences. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the intervention reduced cold feelings-measured via Feeling Thermometer-towards the outparty for both Democrats and Republicans. Experiments 3 and 4 focused on more specific emotional changes. Experiment 3 showed that, for Democrats, the intervention increased compassion. Experiment 4 showed that, for Republicans, the intervention reduced disgust, disapproval, anger, and contempt, but had no impact on compassion. For Democrats, but not for Republicans, reductions in animosity were mediated by reduced perceptions of control of self-formation, the mediator identified in prior work on historicist thinking and blame mitigation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Lens, Crystalline ; Lenses ; Unionidae ; Emotions ; Anger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0295513
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Covid-19: Self-isolation is the weakest link in stopping transmission.

    Gill, Michael

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2021  Volume 372, Page(s) n455

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Patient Isolation ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.n455
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Conference proceedings: Abstracts for the XIIth World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics

    Gill, Michael

    Dublin, Ireland, 9th - 13th October 2004

    (American journal of medical genetics : B ; 130,1)

    2004  

    Title variant Neuropsychiatric genetics
    Institution International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
    Event/congress World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics (12, 2004, Dublin)
    Author's details sponsored by the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. Abstracts org. and ed. by Michael Gill
    Series title American journal of medical genetics : B ; 130,1
    American journal of medical genetics
    American journal of medical genetics ; B
    Collection American journal of medical genetics
    American journal of medical genetics ; B
    Language English
    Size S. [1] - 179
    Publisher Wiley-Liss
    Publishing place New York, NY
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    HBZ-ID HT014127721
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  4. Article ; Online: What do other people think he deserves? Social influence on utilization of mitigating information regarding a violent offender's unfortunate life history.

    Gill, Michael J / Zungu, Sinenhlanhla P

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0291729

    Abstract: The blameworthiness of an offender is often discussed in groups. Yet, the research literature overwhelmingly examines individuals assessing blameworthiness in isolation. To address this gap in the literature, the present study examines group ... ...

    Abstract The blameworthiness of an offender is often discussed in groups. Yet, the research literature overwhelmingly examines individuals assessing blameworthiness in isolation. To address this gap in the literature, the present study examines group deliberations about blameworthiness, with a particular focus on how group deliberations impact utilization of mitigating information about an offender's unfortunate life history. Participants from introductory psychology courses at a U.S. university were placed in groups of two or three and each group also included a confederate who followed a script. Groups were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. In one condition (deed only), groups learned only about the offender's heinous crimes. In the three remaining conditions, participants also received a historicist narrative regarding how the offender's unfortunate history deformed his moral character. These conditions differed in terms of the confederate's arguments: Neutral arguments, arguments to ignore the narrative, or arguments to give great weight to the narrative. Results showed that the historicist narrative was particularly effective at reducing outrage and increasing compassion when the confederate argued for its utilization. The reduction in outrage mediated a reduction in spiteful punitiveness toward the offender. Interestingly, the confederate who urged fellow deliberators to ignore the historicist narrative had no impact on outrage or compassion. We also examined mediation of the impact of historicist narratives on outrage and compassion. We found that when the confederate remained neutral the impact of historicist narratives on outrage and compassion was mediated via diminished perceptions of the offender's control of self-formation. This mirrors what is typically found in prior work focused on individual judgments. In contrast, when the confederate argued that great weight should be given to the narrative, reductions in outrage were mediated via diminished perceptions of offender freedom of action. This pattern of mediation is not typically found but has been found in one previous study where participants received social encouragement to mitigate blame. Results are discussed in terms of how social influence might alter the inferences draw from historicist narratives. Suggestions for future research on social influence in the context of blame are presented.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Criminals ; Morals ; Crime ; Empathy ; Judgment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0291729
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  5. Article ; Online: The theoretical and practical arguments against the unilateral withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment during crisis standards of care: Does the Knobe effect apply to unilateral withdrawal?

    Maldonado, Fabien / Gill, Michael B

    Bioethics

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 9, Page(s) 964–969

    Abstract: Some argue that it is ethically justifiable to unilaterally withdraw life-sustaining treatment during crisis standards of care without the patient's consent in order to reallocate it to another patient with a better chance of survival. This justification ...

    Abstract Some argue that it is ethically justifiable to unilaterally withdraw life-sustaining treatment during crisis standards of care without the patient's consent in order to reallocate it to another patient with a better chance of survival. This justification has been supported by two lines of argument: the equivalence thesis and the rule of the double effect. We argue that there are theoretical issues with the first and practical ones with the second, as supported by an experiment aimed at exploring whether the Knobe effect, which affects the folk concept of intention, applies to situations of unilateral withdrawal. Fifty-two critical care physicians from one university were asked to ascribe intention in two hypothetical scenarios A and B in which outcomes differ-the patient from whom life-sustaining treatment is withdrawn dies in scenario A but survives in scenario B-but the intention, to save the other patient regardless of the outcome of the other, is the same. The survey was administered via a web-based survey and all answers were anonymous. A paired proportion test was used to compare responses to both questions. All 52 surveyed individuals responded in scenario A and 30 (57.7%) ascribed intention when outcomes were unfavorable, whereas 50 responded in scenario B and 8 (16%) ascribed intention when outcomes were favorable, a difference that was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There are theoretical and practical issues with the arguments proposed to justify the unilateral withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment based on the equivalence thesis and the rule of double effect.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Life Support Care ; Withholding Treatment ; Standard of Care ; Physicians ; Dissent and Disputes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.13093
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  6. Article: The Determination of Sucrose Content in Maple Sap Using Time-Domain Magnetic Resonance.

    Gill, Michael / Newling, Benedict

    Sugar tech : an international journal of sugar crops & related industries

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 882–889

    Abstract: The natural variation of sucrose concentration in maple tree sap is investigated using time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). The current study, which includes a concise introduction to the relevant MR properties, is a demonstration of principle showing ... ...

    Abstract The natural variation of sucrose concentration in maple tree sap is investigated using time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). The current study, which includes a concise introduction to the relevant MR properties, is a demonstration of principle showing how the relaxation time constant
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-14
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2433394-3
    ISSN 0974-0740 ; 0972-1525
    ISSN (online) 0974-0740
    ISSN 0972-1525
    DOI 10.1007/s12355-022-01116-4
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  7. Article: The Determination of Sucrose Content in Maple Sap Using Time-Domain Magnetic Resonance

    Gill, Michael / Newling, Benedict

    Sugar tech. 2022 June, v. 24, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: The natural variation of sucrose concentration in maple tree sap is investigated using time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). The current study, which includes a concise introduction to the relevant MR properties, is a demonstration of principle showing ... ...

    Abstract The natural variation of sucrose concentration in maple tree sap is investigated using time-domain magnetic resonance (MR). The current study, which includes a concise introduction to the relevant MR properties, is a demonstration of principle showing how the relaxation time constant T₂ and the self-diffusion coefficient relate to the amount of sucrose and ionic content present in the collected sap samples. T₂ and self-diffusion coefficient for maple saps from six different trees, each sampled weekly in the spring of 2019, were measured using MR. The results were plotted against the sucrose concentration of each sample with the aim of determining if either quantity could serve as the basis for a non-invasive sucrose measurement for maple trees. The T₂ relaxation time constant was found not to be a reliable proxy for sucrose content in maple sap as it showed sensitivity to the slight changes in sap chemistry throughout the season and natural variation from tree to tree. The diffusion coefficient, determined through a standard pulsed-gradient spin-echo experiment, was insensitive to the changes in sap chemistry and showed a strong relationship to sucrose content. A diffusion measurement is thus proposed as the most suitable candidate for a non-invasive sucrose measurement for maple tree sap.
    Keywords Acer ; diffusivity ; magnetism ; sap ; spring ; sucrose
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Size p. 882-889.
    Publishing place Springer India
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2433394-3
    ISSN 0974-0740 ; 0972-1525
    ISSN (online) 0974-0740
    ISSN 0972-1525
    DOI 10.1007/s12355-022-01116-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Adding robustness to rigor and reproducibility for the three Rs of improving translational medical research.

    McGill, Michael P / Threadgill, David W

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 18

    MeSH term(s) Reproducibility of Results ; Translational Research, Biomedical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI173750
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The

    Gill, Michael J / Cerce, Stephanie C

    Personality & social psychology bulletin

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 12, Page(s) 1668–1685

    Abstract: Blame permeates our social lives. When done properly, blame can facilitate the upholding of moral norms. When done with excessive intensity or harshness, however, blame can have significant negative impacts. Here, we develop and validate a scale-the ... ...

    Abstract Blame permeates our social lives. When done properly, blame can facilitate the upholding of moral norms. When done with excessive intensity or harshness, however, blame can have significant negative impacts. Here, we develop and validate a scale-the Blame Intensity Inventory-to measure individual differences in the propensity for intense blame responses. First, we present evidence for its convergent and divergent validity by examining relations with existing scales. In addition, in two studies, we show that the Blame Intensity Inventory-rooted in an affective conception of blame-predicts hostile responses to offenders better than do measures focused on blame-related cognitive appraisals (e.g., free will, intentionality). Finally, in three studies, we show that Blame Intensity uniquely predicts malicious satisfaction, or gratification upon learning that an offender has suffered gratuitous harm. Results are discussed in terms of important research questions that could be addressed using the Blame Intensity Inventory.
    MeSH term(s) Crime Victims ; Criminals ; Humans ; Morals ; Personal Autonomy ; Personal Satisfaction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2047603-6
    ISSN 1552-7433 ; 0146-1672
    ISSN (online) 1552-7433
    ISSN 0146-1672
    DOI 10.1177/0146167220985362
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  10. Article ; Online: Synchronous robotic repair of anterior diaphragmatic (Morgagni) hernia & low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

    Lambert, Joel / Shugaba, Abdul / Sheikh, Adnan / Gill, Michael

    The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e2481

    Abstract: Background: We present the case report of synchronous trans-fascial repair of a large congenital Morgagni hernia (MH) and low anterior resection using a fully robotic approach.: Methods: A 61-year old female presented with fresh red blood in her ... ...

    Abstract Background: We present the case report of synchronous trans-fascial repair of a large congenital Morgagni hernia (MH) and low anterior resection using a fully robotic approach.
    Methods: A 61-year old female presented with fresh red blood in her stool. She had a previous history of abdominal hysterectomy and a performance status of 0. Imaging revealed a low rectal cancer and incidental large MH.
    Results: Using the Da Vinci X platform the procedure was successfully performed; total operating time of 450 min, <200 ml blood loss and 5 days hospital stay. Post-operative scan at 6 months, 1 and 2 years showed no evidence of hernia or cancer recurrence.
    Conclusion: We have demonstrated that complex multi-visceral procedures can be safely performed on fully robotic platforms, even in previously disturbed surgical fields. The robotic approach may provide the opportunity for seamless multi-speciality operating simultaneously in multiple body cavities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Robotics ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Proctectomy ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/surgery ; Laparoscopy/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2151860-9
    ISSN 1478-596X ; 1478-5951
    ISSN (online) 1478-596X
    ISSN 1478-5951
    DOI 10.1002/rcs.2481
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