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  1. Article ; Online: Scales, scutes, and embryonic origins of the vertebrate dermal skeleton.

    Gillis, J Andrew

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 33, Page(s) e2310552120

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Neural Crest ; Vertebrates ; Skeleton ; Skin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2310552120
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  2. Article ; Online: The origins of gas exchange and ion regulation in fish gills: evidence from structure and function.

    Sackville, Michael A / Gillis, J Andrew / Brauner, Colin J

    Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Gill function in gas exchange and ion regulation has played key roles in the evolution of fishes. In this review, we summarize data from the fields of palaeontology, developmental biology and comparative physiology for when and how the gills first ... ...

    Abstract Gill function in gas exchange and ion regulation has played key roles in the evolution of fishes. In this review, we summarize data from the fields of palaeontology, developmental biology and comparative physiology for when and how the gills first acquired these functions. Data from across disciplines strongly supports a stem vertebrate origin for gas exchange structures and function at the gills with the emergence of larger, more active fishes. However, the recent discovery of putative ionocytes in extant cephalochordates and hemichordates suggests that ion regulation at gills might have originated much earlier than gas exchange, perhaps in the ciliated pharyngeal arches in the last common ancestor of deuterostomes. We hypothesize that the ancestral form of ion regulation served a filter-feeding function in the ciliated pharyngeal arches, and was later coopted in vertebrates to regulate extracellular ion and acid-base balance. We propose that future research should explore ionocyte homology and function across extant deuterostomes to test this hypothesis and others in order to determine the ancestral origins of ion regulation in fish gills.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 231245-1
    ISSN 1432-136X ; 0174-1578
    ISSN (online) 1432-136X
    ISSN 0174-1578
    DOI 10.1007/s00360-024-01545-5
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  3. Article ; Online: The pseudobranch of jawed vertebrates is a mandibular arch-derived gill.

    Hirschberger, Christine / Gillis, J Andrew

    Development (Cambridge, England)

    2022  Volume 149, Issue 13

    Abstract: The pseudobranch is a gill-like epithelial elaboration that sits behind the jaw of most fishes. This structure was classically regarded as a vestige of the ancestral gill arch-like condition of the gnathostome jaw. However, more recently, hypotheses of ... ...

    Abstract The pseudobranch is a gill-like epithelial elaboration that sits behind the jaw of most fishes. This structure was classically regarded as a vestige of the ancestral gill arch-like condition of the gnathostome jaw. However, more recently, hypotheses of jaw evolution by transformation of a gill arch have been challenged, and the pseudobranch has alternatively been considered a specialised derivative of the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch. Here, we demonstrate in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea) that the pseudobranch does, in fact, derive from the mandibular arch, and that it shares gene expression features and cell types with gills. We also show that the skate mandibular arch pseudobranch is supported by a spiracular cartilage that is patterned by a shh-expressing epithelial signalling centre. This closely parallels the condition seen in the gill arches, where cartilaginous appendages called branchial rays, which support the respiratory lamellae of the gills, are patterned by a shh-expressing gill arch epithelial ridge. Together with similar discoveries in zebrafish, our findings support serial homology of the pseudobranch and gills, and an ancestral origin of gill arch-like anatomical features from the gnathostome mandibular arch.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Branchial Region/metabolism ; Gills/metabolism ; Jaw ; Skates, Fish/genetics ; Zebrafish
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 90607-4
    ISSN 1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
    ISSN (online) 1477-9129
    ISSN 0950-1991
    DOI 10.1242/dev.200184
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  4. Article ; Online: Distinct proliferative and middle ear skeletal-patterning functions for SHH-expressing epithelia in the chick hyoid arch.

    Rees, Jenaid M / Gillis, J Andrew

    Developmental biology

    2022  Volume 489, Page(s) 98–108

    Abstract: During chick craniofacial development, the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch expands to close the neck and gives rise to skeletal elements, including the columella of the middle ear (a homologue of the mammalian stapes). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling has ... ...

    Abstract During chick craniofacial development, the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch expands to close the neck and gives rise to skeletal elements, including the columella of the middle ear (a homologue of the mammalian stapes). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling has been implicated in hyoid arch expansion and columella formation, but spatial and temporal aspects of these signalling interactions within the hyoid arch remain poorly understood. Here, we show that SHH is initially expressed in the posterior endoderm of the hyoid arch, and that this domain subsequently splits into a distal domain at the site of arch expansion (the posterior epithelial margin, PEM), and a proximal domain that lines the foregut (the proximal hyoid epithelium, PHE). Pharmacological manipulations and heterotopic grafting experiments demonstrate that SHH signalling is required for hyoid arch expansion and skeletogenesis, and reveal distinct roles for the PEM and PHE in these processes. The PEM promotes mesenchymal cell proliferation during arch expansion but is not sufficient to repattern the columella. Conversely, the PHE promotes mesenchymal cell survival, and PHE grafts induce partial duplication of the columella. This work demonstrates crucial and distinct roles for endodermal SHH signalling in hyoid arch morphogenesis and patterning of the middle ear skeleton.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Body Patterning ; Branchial Region/metabolism ; Ear, Middle ; Endoderm/metabolism ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Hedgehog Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.06.004
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  5. Article ; Online: Fgf signalling is required for gill slit formation in the skate, Leucoraja erinacea.

    Rees, Jenaid M / Palmer, Michael A / Gillis, J Andrew

    Developmental biology

    2023  Volume 506, Page(s) 85–94

    Abstract: The gill slits of fishes develop from an iterative series of pharyngeal endodermal pouches that contact and fuse with surface ectoderm on either side of the embryonic head. We find in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea) that all gill slits form via a ... ...

    Abstract The gill slits of fishes develop from an iterative series of pharyngeal endodermal pouches that contact and fuse with surface ectoderm on either side of the embryonic head. We find in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea) that all gill slits form via a stereotypical sequence of epithelial interactions: 1) endodermal pouches approach overlying surface ectoderm, with 2) focal degradation of ectodermal basement membranes preceding endoderm-ectoderm contact; 3) endodermal pouches contact and intercalate with overlying surface ectoderm, and finally 4) perforation of a gill slit occurs by epithelial remodelling, without programmed cell death, at the site of endoderm-ectoderm intercalation. Skate embryos express Fgf8 and Fgf3 within developing pharyngeal epithelia during gill slit formation. When we inhibit Fgf signalling by treating skate embryos with the Fgf receptor inhibitor SU5402 we find that endodermal pouch formation, basement membrane degradation and endodermal-ectodermal intercalation are unaffected, but that epithelial remodelling and gill slit perforation fail to occur. These findings point to a role for Fgf signalling in epithelial remodelling during gill slit formation in the skate and, more broadly, to an ancestral role for Fgf signalling during pharyngeal pouch epithelial morphogenesis in vertebrate embryos.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gills ; Ectoderm ; Endoderm ; Vertebrates ; Morphogenesis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.11.008
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  6. Article: Distinct proliferative and middle ear skeletal-patterning functions for SHH-expressing epithelia in the chick hyoid arch

    Rees, Jenaid M. / Gillis, J. Andrew

    Developmental biology. 2022 Sept., v. 489

    2022  

    Abstract: During chick craniofacial development, the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch expands to close the neck and gives rise to skeletal elements, including the columella of the middle ear (a homologue of the mammalian stapes). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling has ... ...

    Abstract During chick craniofacial development, the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch expands to close the neck and gives rise to skeletal elements, including the columella of the middle ear (a homologue of the mammalian stapes). Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling has been implicated in hyoid arch expansion and columella formation, but spatial and temporal aspects of these signalling interactions within the hyoid arch remain poorly understood. Here, we show that SHH is initially expressed in the posterior endoderm of the hyoid arch, and that this domain subsequently splits into a distal domain at the site of arch expansion (the posterior epithelial margin, PEM), and a proximal domain that lines the foregut (the proximal hyoid epithelium, PHE). Pharmacological manipulations and heterotopic grafting experiments demonstrate that SHH signalling is required for hyoid arch expansion and skeletogenesis, and reveal distinct roles for the PEM and PHE in these processes. The PEM promotes mesenchymal cell proliferation during arch expansion but is not sufficient to repattern the columella. Conversely, the PHE promotes mesenchymal cell survival, and PHE grafts induce partial duplication of the columella. This work demonstrates crucial and distinct roles for endodermal SHH signalling in hyoid arch morphogenesis and patterning of the middle ear skeleton.
    Keywords cell proliferation ; cell viability ; chicks ; endoderm ; epithelium ; foregut ; mammals ; middle ear ; morphogenesis ; neck ; pharynx ; skeleton
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 98-108.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1114-9
    ISSN 1095-564X ; 0012-1606
    ISSN (online) 1095-564X
    ISSN 0012-1606
    DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.06.004
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    Z 76/715: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Embryonic origin and serial homology of gill arches and paired fins in the skate,

    Sleight, Victoria A / Gillis, J Andrew

    eLife

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Paired fins are a defining feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan, but their evolutionary origin remains unresolved. Gegenbaur proposed that paired fins evolved as gill arch serial homologues, but this hypothesis is now widely discounted, owing ... ...

    Abstract Paired fins are a defining feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan, but their evolutionary origin remains unresolved. Gegenbaur proposed that paired fins evolved as gill arch serial homologues, but this hypothesis is now widely discounted, owing largely to the presumed distinct embryonic origins of these structures from mesoderm and neural crest, respectively. Here, we use cell lineage tracing to test the embryonic origin of the pharyngeal and paired fin skeleton in the skate (
    MeSH term(s) Animal Fins/embryology ; Animals ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Embryonic Development ; Gills/embryology ; Neural Crest/growth & development ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Skates, Fish/embryology ; Skeleton/embryology
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.60635
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  8. Article ; Online: Resegmentation is an ancestral feature of the gnathostome vertebral skeleton.

    Criswell, Katharine E / Gillis, J Andrew

    eLife

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: The vertebral skeleton is a defining feature of vertebrate animals. However, the mode of vertebral segmentation varies considerably between major lineages. In tetrapods, adjacent somite halves recombine to form a single vertebra through the process of ' ... ...

    Abstract The vertebral skeleton is a defining feature of vertebrate animals. However, the mode of vertebral segmentation varies considerably between major lineages. In tetrapods, adjacent somite halves recombine to form a single vertebra through the process of 'resegmentation'. In teleost fishes, there is considerable mixing between cells of the anterior and posterior somite halves, without clear resegmentation. To determine whether resegmentation is a tetrapod novelty, or an ancestral feature of jawed vertebrates, we tested the relationship between somites and vertebrae in a cartilaginous fish, the skate (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Skates, Fish/anatomy & histology ; Skates, Fish/embryology ; Skeleton/anatomy & histology ; Somites
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.51696
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  9. Article ; Online: Gill developmental program in the teleost mandibular arch.

    Thiruppathy, Mathi / Fabian, Peter / Gillis, J Andrew / Crump, J Gage

    eLife

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Whereas no known living vertebrate possesses gills derived from the jaw-forming mandibular arch, it has been proposed that the jaw arose through modifications of an ancestral mandibular gill. Here, we show that the zebrafish pseudobranch, which regulates ...

    Abstract Whereas no known living vertebrate possesses gills derived from the jaw-forming mandibular arch, it has been proposed that the jaw arose through modifications of an ancestral mandibular gill. Here, we show that the zebrafish pseudobranch, which regulates blood pressure in the eye, develops from mandibular arch mesenchyme and first pouch epithelia and shares gene expression, enhancer utilization, and developmental
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Branchial Region ; Gills ; Jaw ; Zebrafish
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.78170
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  10. Article ; Online: Ion regulation at gills precedes gas exchange and the origin of vertebrates.

    Sackville, Michael A / Cameron, Christopher B / Gillis, J Andrew / Brauner, Colin J

    Nature

    2022  Volume 610, Issue 7933, Page(s) 699–703

    Abstract: Gas exchange and ion regulation at gills have key roles in the evolution of ... ...

    Abstract Gas exchange and ion regulation at gills have key roles in the evolution of vertebrates
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gills/metabolism ; Lancelets/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Vertebrates/classification ; Vertebrates/metabolism ; Ions/metabolism ; Body Size ; Lampreys/metabolism ; Skin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; Ions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-022-05331-7
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