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  1. Article ; Online: Ventilators, missiles, doctors, troops … the justification of legislative responses to COVID-19 through military metaphors

    Gillis, Matilda

    Law and Humanities

    2020  , Page(s) 1–25

    Keywords Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ; Law ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Informa UK Limited
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2390507-4
    ISSN 1752-1483
    ISSN 1752-1483
    DOI 10.1080/17521483.2020.1801950
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Ventilators, missiles, doctors, troops … the justification of legislative responses to COVID-19 through military metaphors

    Gillis, Matilda

    Law and Humanities

    Abstract: This article examines the legislative measures imposed by governments as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and scrutinizes, in particular, governments’ extensive use of military metaphors to justify those measures. It argues that while the use of ... ...

    Abstract This article examines the legislative measures imposed by governments as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and scrutinizes, in particular, governments’ extensive use of military metaphors to justify those measures. It argues that while the use of military metaphors can usefully and desirably function to mobilize widespread acceptance and compliance with the relevant legislative measures and to motivate action, the use of metaphors in this way should nonetheless be viewed with caution. Metaphors of war and associated images are emotionally powerful and can function in a way that makes it difficult to question governmental responses and responsibility.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #692020
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Staged Treatment with Root Coverage Procedure Prior to Socket Shield: A Clinical Case Report.

    Nguyen, Vinh Giap / Gillis, Michael / Mammadov, Aslan

    The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 174–180

    Abstract: After performing a tunneling mucogingival surgery procedure to cover generalized root recession in the anterior maxilla, a socket shield procedure was performed for immediate implant placement on a lateral incisor, leaving a root fragment coronal to the ... ...

    Abstract After performing a tunneling mucogingival surgery procedure to cover generalized root recession in the anterior maxilla, a socket shield procedure was performed for immediate implant placement on a lateral incisor, leaving a root fragment coronal to the buccal bone margin with a long soft tissue attachment. This case report suggests that it is possible to achieve stable peri-implant results 30 months after the described therapy. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2023;43:175-180. doi: 10.11607/prd.6238.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading/methods ; Tooth Socket/surgery ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Maxilla/surgery ; Incisor/surgery ; Esthetics, Dental ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1945-3388
    ISSN (online) 1945-3388
    DOI 10.11607/prd.6238
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  4. Article ; Online: Heard or Understood? Neural Tracking of Language Features in a Comprehensible Story, an Incomprehensible Story and a Word List.

    Gillis, Marlies / Vanthornhout, Jonas / Francart, Tom

    eNeuro

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 7

    Abstract: Speech comprehension is a complex neural process on which relies on activation and integration of multiple brain regions. In the current study, we evaluated whether speech comprehension can be investigated by neural tracking. Neural tracking is the ... ...

    Abstract Speech comprehension is a complex neural process on which relies on activation and integration of multiple brain regions. In the current study, we evaluated whether speech comprehension can be investigated by neural tracking. Neural tracking is the phenomenon in which the brain responses time-lock to the rhythm of specific features in continuous speech. These features can be acoustic, i.e., acoustic tracking, or derived from the content of the speech using language properties, i.e., language tracking. We evaluated whether neural tracking of speech differs between a comprehensible story, an incomprehensible story, and a word list. We evaluated the neural responses to speech of 19 participants (six men). No significant difference regarding acoustic tracking was found. However, significant language tracking was only found for the comprehensible story. The most prominent effect was visible to word surprisal, a language feature at the word level. The neural response to word surprisal showed a prominent negativity between 300 and 400 ms, similar to the N400 in evoked response paradigms. This N400 was significantly more negative when the story was comprehended, i.e., when words could be integrated in the context of previous words. These results show that language tracking can capture the effect of speech comprehension.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Comprehension/physiology ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Language ; Hearing ; Speech Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2800598-3
    ISSN 2373-2822 ; 2373-2822
    ISSN (online) 2373-2822
    ISSN 2373-2822
    DOI 10.1523/ENEURO.0075-23.2023
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  5. Article ; Online: Navigating the Perfect Storm of Ageism, Mentalism, and Ableism: A Prevention Model.

    Rabheru, Kiran / Gillis, Margaret

    The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 1058–1061

    Abstract: Many of society's systemic implicit biases against older persons predate COVID-19. A perfect storm of these biases now rages against older persons much more explicitly and visibly during the COVID-19 pandemic. They comprise of blends of discrimination ... ...

    Abstract Many of society's systemic implicit biases against older persons predate COVID-19. A perfect storm of these biases now rages against older persons much more explicitly and visibly during the COVID-19 pandemic. They comprise of blends of discrimination based on age ("ageism"), multiplied by the prejudice against persons with mental symptoms (mentalism), and by notions against persons with disabilities (ableism). The collective result of this tragedy has caused a devastating impact on older persons' lives and flagrant violation of their human rights. We explore the evidence to better understand the drivers of these biases and ways to mitigate their impact. We also review strategies to alleviate the effects of ageism, mentalism, and ableism using a prevention model.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ageism ; Aging ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1278145-9
    ISSN 1545-7214 ; 1064-7481
    ISSN (online) 1545-7214
    ISSN 1064-7481
    DOI 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.018
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  6. Article ; Online: Erratum to "Navigating the Perfect Storm of Ageism, Mentalism, and Ableism: A Prevention Model" [The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 29 (2021) 1058-1061].

    Rabheru, Kiran / Gillis, Margaret

    The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 536

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 1278145-9
    ISSN 1545-7214 ; 1064-7481
    ISSN (online) 1545-7214
    ISSN 1064-7481
    DOI 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.11.006
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  7. Article ; Online: Neural tracking of linguistic and acoustic speech representations decreases with advancing age.

    Gillis, Marlies / Kries, Jill / Vandermosten, Maaike / Francart, Tom

    NeuroImage

    2022  Volume 267, Page(s) 119841

    Abstract: Background: Older adults process speech differently, but it is not yet clear how aging affects different levels of processing natural, continuous speech, both in terms of bottom-up acoustic analysis and top-down generation of linguistic-based ... ...

    Abstract Background: Older adults process speech differently, but it is not yet clear how aging affects different levels of processing natural, continuous speech, both in terms of bottom-up acoustic analysis and top-down generation of linguistic-based predictions. We studied natural speech processing across the adult lifespan via electroencephalography (EEG) measurements of neural tracking.
    Goals: Our goals are to analyze the unique contribution of linguistic speech processing across the adult lifespan using natural speech, while controlling for the influence of acoustic processing. Moreover, we also studied acoustic processing across age. In particular, we focus on changes in spatial and temporal activation patterns in response to natural speech across the lifespan.
    Methods: 52 normal-hearing adults between 17 and 82 years of age listened to a naturally spoken story while the EEG signal was recorded. We investigated the effect of age on acoustic and linguistic processing of speech. Because age correlated with hearing capacity and measures of cognition, we investigated whether the observed age effect is mediated by these factors. Furthermore, we investigated whether there is an effect of age on hemisphere lateralization and on spatiotemporal patterns of the neural responses.
    Results: Our EEG results showed that linguistic speech processing declines with advancing age. Moreover, as age increased, the neural response latency to certain aspects of linguistic speech processing increased. Also acoustic neural tracking (NT) decreased with increasing age, which is at odds with the literature. In contrast to linguistic processing, older subjects showed shorter latencies for early acoustic responses to speech. No evidence was found for hemispheric lateralization in neither younger nor older adults during linguistic speech processing. Most of the observed aging effects on acoustic and linguistic processing were not explained by age-related decline in hearing capacity or cognition. However, our results suggest that the effect of decreasing linguistic neural tracking with advancing age at word-level is also partially due to an age-related decline in cognition than a robust effect of age.
    Conclusion: Spatial and temporal characteristics of the neural responses to continuous speech change across the adult lifespan for both acoustic and linguistic speech processing. These changes may be traces of structural and/or functional change that occurs with advancing age.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Speech/physiology ; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Linguistics ; Acoustics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119841
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  8. Article ; Online: Hearing loss is associated with delayed neural responses to continuous speech.

    Gillis, Marlies / Decruy, Lien / Vanthornhout, Jonas / Francart, Tom

    The European journal of neuroscience

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 1671–1690

    Abstract: We investigated the impact of hearing loss on the neural processing of speech. Using a forward modelling approach, we compared the neural responses to continuous speech of 14 adults with sensorineural hearing loss with those of age-matched normal-hearing ...

    Abstract We investigated the impact of hearing loss on the neural processing of speech. Using a forward modelling approach, we compared the neural responses to continuous speech of 14 adults with sensorineural hearing loss with those of age-matched normal-hearing peers. Compared with their normal-hearing peers, hearing-impaired listeners had increased neural tracking and delayed neural responses to continuous speech in quiet. The latency also increased with the degree of hearing loss. As speech understanding decreased, neural tracking decreased in both populations; however, a significantly different trend was observed for the latency of the neural responses. For normal-hearing listeners, the latency increased with increasing background noise level. However, for hearing-impaired listeners, this increase was not observed. Our results support the idea that the neural response latency indicates the efficiency of neural speech processing: More or different brain regions are involved in processing speech, which causes longer communication pathways in the brain. These longer communication pathways hamper the information integration among these brain regions, reflected in longer processing times. Altogether, this suggests decreased neural speech processing efficiency in HI listeners as more time and more or different brain regions are required to process speech. Our results suggest that this reduction in neural speech processing efficiency occurs gradually as hearing deteriorates. From our results, it is apparent that sound amplification does not solve hearing loss. Even when listening to speech in silence at a comfortable loudness, hearing-impaired listeners process speech less efficiently.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Deafness ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Noise ; Speech ; Speech Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-18
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645180-9
    ISSN 1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
    ISSN (online) 1460-9568
    ISSN 0953-816X
    DOI 10.1111/ejn.15644
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  9. Article ; Online: The role of the virtues in CHD.

    Burns, Joseph / Rai, Shipra / Gillis, Marin / Basken, Amy

    Cardiology in the young

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 8, Page(s) 1193–1195

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Virtues
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1078466-4
    ISSN 1467-1107 ; 1047-9511
    ISSN (online) 1467-1107
    ISSN 1047-9511
    DOI 10.1017/S1047951122000968
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  10. Article ; Online: Neural tracking as a diagnostic tool to assess the auditory pathway.

    Gillis, Marlies / Van Canneyt, Jana / Francart, Tom / Vanthornhout, Jonas

    Hearing research

    2022  Volume 426, Page(s) 108607

    Abstract: When a person listens to sound, the brain time-locks to specific aspects of the sound. This is called neural tracking and it can be investigated by analysing neural responses (e.g., measured by electroencephalography) to continuous natural speech. ... ...

    Abstract When a person listens to sound, the brain time-locks to specific aspects of the sound. This is called neural tracking and it can be investigated by analysing neural responses (e.g., measured by electroencephalography) to continuous natural speech. Measures of neural tracking allow for an objective investigation of a range of auditory and linguistic processes in the brain during natural speech perception. This approach is more ecologically valid than traditional auditory evoked responses and has great potential for research and clinical applications. This article reviews the neural tracking framework and highlights three prominent examples of neural tracking analyses: neural tracking of the fundamental frequency of the voice (f0), the speech envelope and linguistic features. Each of these analyses provides a unique point of view into the human brain's hierarchical stages of speech processing. F0-tracking assesses the encoding of fine temporal information in the early stages of the auditory pathway, i.e., from the auditory periphery up to early processing in the primary auditory cortex. Envelope tracking reflects bottom-up and top-down speech-related processes in the auditory cortex and is likely necessary but not sufficient for speech intelligibility. Linguistic feature tracking (e.g. word or phoneme surprisal) relates to neural processes more directly related to speech intelligibility. Together these analyses form a multi-faceted objective assessment of an individual's auditory and linguistic processing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Auditory Pathways ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Speech Intelligibility ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Electroencephalography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282629-x
    ISSN 1878-5891 ; 0378-5955
    ISSN (online) 1878-5891
    ISSN 0378-5955
    DOI 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108607
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