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  1. Article: Evidence for a possible extinction debt in Swiss wetland specialist plants.

    Jamin, Anine / Peintinger, Markus / Gimmi, Urs / Holderegger, Rolf / Bergamini, Ariel

    Ecology and evolution

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 1264–1277

    Abstract: Habitat loss leading to smaller patch sizes and decreasing connectivity is a major threat to global biodiversity. While some species vanish immediately after a change in habitat conditions, others show delayed extinction, that is, an extinction debt. In ... ...

    Abstract Habitat loss leading to smaller patch sizes and decreasing connectivity is a major threat to global biodiversity. While some species vanish immediately after a change in habitat conditions, others show delayed extinction, that is, an extinction debt. In case of an extinction debt, the current species richness is higher than expected under present habitat conditions.We investigated wetlands of the canton of Zürich in the lowlands of Eastern Switzerland where a wetland loss of 90% over the last 150 years occurred. We related current species richness to current and past patch area and connectivity (in 1850, 1900, 1950, and 2000). We compared current with predicted species richness in wetlands with a substantial loss in patch area based on the species-area relationship of wetlands without substantial loss in patch area and studied relationships between the richness of different species groups and current and historical area and connectivity of wetland patches.We found evidence of a possible extinction debt for long-lived wetland specialist vascular plants: in wetlands, which substantially lost patch area, current species richness of long-lived specialist vascular plants was higher than would have been expected based on current patch area. Additionally and besides current wetland area, historical area also explained current species richness of these species in a substantial and significant way. No evidence for an extinction debt in bryophytes was found.The possible unpaid extinction debt in the wetlands of the canton of Zürich is an appeal to nature conservation, which has the possibility to prevent likely future extinctions of species through specific conservation measures. In particular, a further reduction in wetlands must be prevented and restoration measures must be taken to increase the number of wetlands.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.5980
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online ; Thesis: History of anthropogenic disturbances in the pine forest belt of the Swiss Rhone valley (Valais)

    Gimmi, Urs

    2006  

    Author's details by Urs Gimmi
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (112 S), Ill
    Publisher ETH
    Publishing place Zürich
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Diss., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zürich, Nr. 16764--Zürich, 1676
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  3. Article ; Online: Assessing naturalness in northern great lakes forests based on historical land-cover and vegetation changes.

    Gimmi, Urs / Radeloff, Volker C

    Environmental management

    2013  Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 481–492

    Abstract: The concept of naturalness was developed to assess to what degree landscapes represent a natural state. Protected areas are often regarded as the remnants of untouched landscapes although many landscapes commonly perceived as pristine have a long history ...

    Abstract The concept of naturalness was developed to assess to what degree landscapes represent a natural state. Protected areas are often regarded as the remnants of untouched landscapes although many landscapes commonly perceived as pristine have a long history of human impact. Here, we introduced a historical perspective into the concept of naturalness and the analysis of the effectiveness of protected areas by analyzing historical trajectories in land-cover and forest communities for the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore on Michigan's Upper Peninsula (USA). Distribution of land-cover and forest community types was reconstructed for pre-settlement time (around 1850), the height of agricultural expansion (1928), and modern conditions (2000). Naturalness of the landscape was assessed by analyzing similarity between pre-settlement and current conditions and by assessing landscape continuity (1850-1928-2000). We compared changes in the strictly protected park core zone with those in the inland buffer zone with ongoing sustainable logging, and a not protected area adjacent to the park. Forest was the dominant land-cover type over the entire study period. We detected a gradient in land-cover continuity from the core zone (81 % continuity) to the inland buffer zone (74 %) and the area outside the park (66 %). Northern hardwood was the dominating forest type in all time points with high continuity (76 %). In contrast, pine forests show a more dynamic pattern with more than 50 % of the initial forests switching to non-forest or early succession forest types by 1928. More than half of the study area was considered as "natural virgin" (no changes in land-cover and forest community type) with a higher portion within the park than in the adjacent area. In contrast, areas with low naturalness are more abundant outside the park. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating historical information into naturalness assessments and the results provide useful information for future park management. More broadly speaking, our study advances research on the effectiveness of protected areas, by going beyond simple measures of averted deforestation, and introducing approaches to directly measure naturalness.
    MeSH term(s) Conservation of Natural Resources ; Forestry ; Lakes ; Michigan ; Trees/classification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1478932-2
    ISSN 1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
    ISSN (online) 1432-1009
    ISSN 0364-152X
    DOI 10.1007/s00267-013-0102-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Assessing Naturalness in Northern Great Lakes Forests Based on Historical Land-Cover and Vegetation Changes

    Gimmi, Urs / Radeloff, Volker C

    Environmental management. 2013 Aug., v. 52, no. 2

    2013  

    Abstract: The concept of naturalness was developed to assess to what degree landscapes represent a natural state. Protected areas are often regarded as the remnants of untouched landscapes although many landscapes commonly perceived as pristine have a long history ...

    Abstract The concept of naturalness was developed to assess to what degree landscapes represent a natural state. Protected areas are often regarded as the remnants of untouched landscapes although many landscapes commonly perceived as pristine have a long history of human impact. Here, we introduced a historical perspective into the concept of naturalness and the analysis of the effectiveness of protected areas by analyzing historical trajectories in land-cover and forest communities for the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (USA). Distribution of land-cover and forest community types was reconstructed for pre-settlement time (around 1850), the height of agricultural expansion (1928), and modern conditions (2000). Naturalness of the landscape was assessed by analyzing similarity between pre-settlement and current conditions and by assessing landscape continuity (1850–1928–2000). We compared changes in the strictly protected park core zone with those in the inland buffer zone with ongoing sustainable logging, and a not protected area adjacent to the park. Forest was the dominant land-cover type over the entire study period. We detected a gradient in land-cover continuity from the core zone (81� % continuity) to the inland buffer zone (74� %) and the area outside the park (66� %). Northern hardwood was the dominating forest type in all time points with high continuity (76� %). In contrast, pine forests show a more dynamic pattern with more than 50� % of the initial forests switching to non-forest or early succession forest types by 1928. More than half of the study area was considered as “natural virgin” (no changes in land-cover and forest community type) with a higher portion within the park than in the adjacent area. In contrast, areas with low naturalness are more abundant outside the park. Our study demonstrates the value of integrating historical information into naturalness assessments and the results provide useful information for future park management. More broadly speaking, our study advances research on the effectiveness of protected areas, by going beyond simple measures of averted deforestation, and introducing approaches to directly measure naturalness.
    Keywords anthropogenic activities ; coniferous forests ; conservation areas ; forest communities ; forest succession ; hardwood ; land cover ; landscapes ; logging ; Great Lakes ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-08
    Size p. 481-492.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1478932-2
    ISSN 1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
    ISSN (online) 1432-1009
    ISSN 0364-152X
    DOI 10.1007/s00267-013-0102-0
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Thesis ; Online: History of anthropogenic disturbances in the pine forest belt of the Swiss Rhone valley (Valais)

    Gimmi, Urs

    2006  

    Keywords FORSTBIOLOGIE + FORSTÖKOLOGIE + STANDORTFAKTOREN (FORSTWIRTSCHAFT) ; GESCHICHTE DER FORSTWIRTSCHAFT + GESCHICHTE DER WÄLDER ; WALDZERSTÖRUNG + ANTHROPOGENE WALDSCHÄDEN ; AUFBAU UND ZUSAMMENSETZUNG VON WALDBESTÄNDEN (WALDBAU) ; FORSTLICHE NEBENPRODUKTE (FORSTWIRTSCHAFT) ; WALLISER RHONETAL ; FOREST BIOLOGY + FOREST ECOLOGY + SITE FACTORS (FORESTRY) ; HISTORY OF FORESTRY + HISTORY OF FORESTS ; FOREST DESTRUCTION + ANTHROPOGENIC FOREST DAMAGES ; STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF FOREST STANDS (SILVICULTURE) ; FOREST BY-PRODUCTS (FORESTRY) ; RHONE VALLEY IN THE CANTON OF VALAIS ; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/630 ; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/900 ; Agriculture ; History
    Language English
    Publisher ETH
    Publishing country ch
    Document type Thesis ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Assessing traditional knowledge on forest uses to understand forest ecosystem dynamics

    Bürgi, Matthias / Gimmi, Urs / Stuber, Martin

    Forest ecology and management. 2013 Feb. 1, v. 289

    2013  

    Abstract: Forest ecosystems worldwide are heavily influenced by human activities. Information on these human activities are key for understanding ecosystem dynamics, especially as some of these human activities have long-term consequences, i.e. legacy effects. We ... ...

    Abstract Forest ecosystems worldwide are heavily influenced by human activities. Information on these human activities are key for understanding ecosystem dynamics, especially as some of these human activities have long-term consequences, i.e. legacy effects. We assessed the diversity of forest uses across the Swiss Alps and the respective traditional forest-related knowledge (TFRK) by conducting 56 oral history interviews in five regions. As TFRK tends to be underrepresented in written records, oral history proves to be a very valuable approach. We classified the information gathered in 61 specific forest use practices, characterized by activity, product and use, in order to gain a comprehensive picture of the regional variability but also cross-regional ubiquity of certain forest uses. Based on these results we are able to name the ecologically most relevant forest uses which were most likely, or potentially occurring in Central European forests. We suggest a simple, systematic historical assessment of these relevant forest uses to be applied in all studies on forest ecosystems. This procedure will enable scientists to better evaluate to what degree human activities had an impact on forest ecosystem dynamics in their study area.
    Keywords anthropogenic activities ; forest ecosystems ; forests ; history ; humans ; indigenous knowledge ; interviews ; scientists ; Alps region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0201
    Size p. 115-122.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.012
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 6026: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: Uncertainty in Historical Land-Use Reconstructions with Topographic Maps

    Kaim Dominik / Kozak Jacek / Ostafin Krzysztof / Dobosz Monika / Ostapowicz Katarzyna / Kolecka Natalia / Gimmi Urs

    Quaestiones Geographicae, Vol 33, Iss 3, Pp 55-

    2014  Volume 63

    Abstract: The paper presents the outcomes of the uncertainty investigation of a long-term forest cover change analysis in the Polish Carpathians (nearly 20,000 km2) and Swiss Alps (nearly 10,000 km2) based on topographic maps. Following Leyk et al. (2005) all ... ...

    Abstract The paper presents the outcomes of the uncertainty investigation of a long-term forest cover change analysis in the Polish Carpathians (nearly 20,000 km2) and Swiss Alps (nearly 10,000 km2) based on topographic maps. Following Leyk et al. (2005) all possible uncertainties are grouped into three domains - production-oriented, transformation- oriented and application-oriented. We show typical examples for each uncertainty domain, encountered during the forest cover change analysis and discuss consequences for change detection. Finally, a proposal for reliability assessment is presented.
    Keywords forest cover change ; uncertainty ; topographic maps ; the carpathians ; the alps ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Sciendo
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Reconstructing the collapse of wetland networks in the Swiss lowlands 1850–2000

    Gimmi, Urs / Lachat, Thibault / Bürgi, Matthias

    Landscape ecology. 2011 Oct., v. 26, no. 8

    2011  

    Abstract: In Central Europe vast wetland areas have been converted into agricultural land over the past few centuries. Long-term spatially explicit reconstructions of wetland cover changes at regional scale are rare but such information is vital for setting ... ...

    Abstract In Central Europe vast wetland areas have been converted into agricultural land over the past few centuries. Long-term spatially explicit reconstructions of wetland cover changes at regional scale are rare but such information is vital for setting appropriate wetland conservation and restoration goals. In this study wetland cover change over the past 150 years was analyzed for the Canton Zurich (Switzerland) using information from historical and current topographical maps. Mapping instructions changed significantly over time, i.e., wetlands were mapped more conservatively on older maps. Therefore a technique was developed to account for changes in mapping instructions and to reconstruct a series of comparable maps spanning 1850–2000. Wetland cover dramatically decreased from 13,759 ha in 1850 (more than 8% of the total study area) to 1,233 ha in 2000 (less than 1%). Largest loss is observed for the first half of the twentieth century when more than 50% of the total wetland loss occurred. In 1850, almost all wetland patches were connected in two large networks defined by a 500 m buffer around all wetland patches to account for typical dispersal distances of wetland animals. Despite extensive wetland loss, this networks remained largely intact until 1950, but then collapsed into many medium and small networks consisting of only few wetland patches. In addition to the direct loss of wetland habitats increased habitat fragmentation is limiting metapopulation dynamics and hindering genetic exchange between populations. Amphibians and other wetland animals are particularly prone to habitat fragmentation because of their limited migration abilities. This may lead to time-delayed extinction in the future because current species occurrence might rather reflect historical than current wetland cover and habitat configuration. Future restoration efforts should focus on reestablishing connectivity between remaining smaller wetland networks.
    Keywords agricultural land ; amphibians ; habitat fragmentation ; habitats ; lowlands ; wetland conservation ; wetlands ; Central European region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-10
    Size p. 1071-1083.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1027798-5
    ISSN 1572-9761 ; 0921-2973
    ISSN (online) 1572-9761
    ISSN 0921-2973
    DOI 10.1007/s10980-011-9633-z
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5101: Show issues

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  10. Article: Three objectives of historical ecology: the case of litter collecting in Central European forests

    Bürgi, Matthias / Gimmi, Urs

    Landscape ecology. 2007 Dec., v. 22, suppl. 1

    2007  

    Abstract: Most ecosystems and landscapes worldwide are dominated or influenced by human impacts. Consequently, studies of pattern and processes of and within anthropogenic ecosystems and cultural landscapes have to consider human impacts and their historical ... ...

    Abstract Most ecosystems and landscapes worldwide are dominated or influenced by human impacts. Consequently, studies of pattern and processes of and within anthropogenic ecosystems and cultural landscapes have to consider human impacts and their historical development adequately. Three major objectives of historical ecology, i.e., the study of human impacts on ecosystems and landscapes over time, can be distinguished: (a) preserving cultural heritage in ecosystems and landscapes, (b) understanding historical trajectories of pattern and processes in ecosystems and landscapes, and (c) informing ecosystem and landscape management. In this paper, the application of these three major objectives of historical ecology is illustrated with a case study on litter collecting--a largely forgotten traditional forest use in Central Europe. Historical analyses do not allow--and should not be misused--to directly deduct management goals, as goals need to be set based on present needs and demands. Still, information on reference condition is relevant in the process of defining goals. Once specific goals are set, historical ecology may advise on how to best achieve and maintain desirable pattern and processes in ecosystems or landscape.
    Keywords anthropogenic activities ; cultural heritage ; trajectories
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2007-12
    Size p. 77-87.
    Publisher Springer Netherlands
    Publishing place Dordrecht
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1027798-5
    ISSN 1572-9761 ; 0921-2973
    ISSN (online) 1572-9761
    ISSN 0921-2973
    DOI 10.1007/s10980-007-9128-0
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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