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  1. Article ; Online: Neonatal Outcomes From Arboviruses in the Perinatal Period: A State-of-the-Art Review.

    Ginige, Shamila / Flower, Robert / Viennet, Elvina

    Pediatrics

    2021  Volume 147, Issue 4

    Abstract: Since the 2016 Zika outbreak and the understanding of the teratogenic effect of this infection, there has been a newfound interest in arbovirus infections and their effects on pregnancy, resulting in numerous publications in the last 5 years. However, ... ...

    Abstract Since the 2016 Zika outbreak and the understanding of the teratogenic effect of this infection, there has been a newfound interest in arbovirus infections and their effects on pregnancy, resulting in numerous publications in the last 5 years. However, limited literature focuses on arbovirus infection in different stages of pregnancy and their effect on the neonate. There is currently no consensus management of perinatal acquisition of arboviruses, and current evidence is largely anecdotal observational reports. Teratogens can have different effects on the developing fetus depending on the time of infection, so infections during pregnancy should be analyzed by trimester. A better understanding of arbovirus infection in the perinatal period is required to assist obstetric, neonatal, and pediatric clinicians in making decisions about the management of mother and neonate. Our objective was to assess the evidence of adverse neonatal outcomes for several arboviral infections when contracted during the perinatal period to guide clinicians in managing these patients. There are 8 arboviruses for which neonatal outcomes from maternal acquisition in the perinatal period have been reported, with the most data for dengue and Chikungunya virus infections. The evidence reviewed in this article supports the adoption of preventive strategies to avoid ticks and mosquitoes close to the date of delivery. For the other arbovirus infections, further community-based cohort studies during outbreaks are required to evaluate whether these infections have a similar teratogenic impact.
    MeSH term(s) Arbovirus Infections/complications ; Arbovirus Infections/transmission ; Congenital Abnormalities/virology ; Encephalitis, Viral/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/virology ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Premature Birth/virology ; Skin Diseases, Infectious/virology ; Stillbirth
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2020-009720
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Probabilistic mathematical modelling to predict the red cell phenotyped donor panel size.

    Best, Denisse / Burrage, Kevin / Burrage, Pamela / Donovan, Diane / Ginige, Shamila / Powley, Tanya / Thompson, Bevan / Daly, James

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) e0276780

    Abstract: In the last decade, Australia has experienced an overall decline in red cell demand, but there has been an increased need for phenotyped matched red cells. Lifeblood and mathematicians from Queensland universities have developed a probabilistic model to ... ...

    Abstract In the last decade, Australia has experienced an overall decline in red cell demand, but there has been an increased need for phenotyped matched red cells. Lifeblood and mathematicians from Queensland universities have developed a probabilistic model to determine the percentage of the donor panel that would need extended antigen typing to meet this increasing demand, and an estimated timeline to achieve the optimum required phenotyped (genotyped) panel. Mathematical modelling, based on Multinomial distributions, was used to provide guidance on the percentage of typed donor panel needed, based on recent historical blood request data and the current donor panel size. Only antigen combinations determined to be uncommon, but not rare, were considered. Simulations were run to attain at least 95% success percentage. Modelling predicted a target of 38% of the donor panel, or 205,000 donors, would need to be genotyped to meet the current demand. If 5% of weekly returning donors were genotyped, this target would be reached within 12 years. For phenotyping, 35% or 188,000 donors would need to be phenotyped to meet Lifeblood's demand. With the current level of testing, this would take eight years but could be performed within three years if testing was increased to 9% of weekly returning donors. An additional 26,140 returning donors need to be phenotyped annually to maintain this panel. This mathematical model will inform business decisions and assist Lifeblood in determining the level of investment required to meet the desired timeline to achieve the optimum donor panel size.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Blood Donors ; Erythrocytes ; Genotype ; Phenotype ; Models, Theoretical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0276780
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Estimating the incidence of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection in three regions of Queensland, Australia, winter 2022: findings from a novel longitudinal testing-based sentinel surveillance programme.

    May, Fiona / Ginige, Shamila / Firman, Elise / Li, Yee Sum / Soonarane, Yudish Kumar / Smoll, Nicolas / Hunter, Ian / Pery, Brielle / Macfarlane, Bonnie / Bladen, Tracy / Allen, Terresa / Green, Trevor / Walker, Jacina / Slinko, Vicki / Stickley, Mark / Khandaker, Gulam / Anuradha, Satyamurthy / Wattiaux, Andre

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e081793

    Abstract: Objective: The 2022 Australian winter was the first time that COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were circulating in the population together, after two winters of physical distancing, quarantine and borders closed to international ...

    Abstract Objective: The 2022 Australian winter was the first time that COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were circulating in the population together, after two winters of physical distancing, quarantine and borders closed to international travellers. We developed a novel surveillance system to estimate the incidence of COVID-19, influenza and RSV in three regions of Queensland, Australia.
    Design: We implemented a longitudinal testing-based sentinel surveillance programme. Participants were provided with self-collection nasal swabs to be dropped off at a safe location at their workplace each week. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Symptomatic participants attended COVID-19 respiratory clinics to be tested by multiplex PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B and RSV. Rapid antigen test (RAT) results reported by participants were included in the analysis.
    Setting and participants: Between 4 April 2022 and 3 October 2022, 578 adults were recruited via their workplace. Due to rolling recruitment, withdrawals and completion due to positive COVID-19 results, the maximum number enrolled in any week was 423 people.
    Results: A total of 4290 tests were included. Participation rates varied across the period ranging from 25.9% to 72.1% of enrolled participants. The total positivity of COVID-19 was 3.3%, with few influenza or RSV cases detected. Widespread use of RAT may have resulted in few symptomatic participants attending respiratory clinics. The weekly positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 detected during the programme correlated with the incidence of notified cases in the corresponding communities.
    Conclusion: This testing-based surveillance programme could estimate disease trends and be a useful tool in settings where testing is less common or accessible. Difficulties with recruitment meant the study was underpowered. The frontline sentinel nature of workplaces meant participants were not representative of the general population but were high-risk groups providing early warning of disease.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis ; Incidence ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Male ; Female ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Longitudinal Studies ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Seasons ; Adolescent
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081793
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The role of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal blood group typing in Australia.

    Ginige, Shamila / Daly, James / Hyland, Catherine / Powley, Tanya / O'Brien, Helen / Moreno, Ana M / Gardener, Glenn / Flower, Robert

    The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology

    2021  Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–36

    Abstract: Maternal alloimmunisation against red blood cell antigens can cause haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Although most frequently caused by anti-D, since the implementation of rhesus D (RhD) immunoglobulin prophylaxis, other alloantibodies ...

    Abstract Maternal alloimmunisation against red blood cell antigens can cause haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Although most frequently caused by anti-D, since the implementation of rhesus D (RhD) immunoglobulin prophylaxis, other alloantibodies have become more prevalent in HDFN. Recent advances in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) have allowed early prediction of HDFN risk in alloimmunised pregnancies and allow clinicians to focus health resources on those pregnancies that require intervention. This article aims to provide updates on the current status of NIPT in Australia as both a diagnostic and screening tool in pregnancy.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal/diagnosis ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal/prevention & control ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
    Chemical Substances Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-18
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390815-x
    ISSN 1479-828X ; 0004-8666
    ISSN (online) 1479-828X
    ISSN 0004-8666
    DOI 10.1111/ajo.13446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Protocol for a winter sentinel surveillance program of notifiable respiratory viruses in Queensland.

    Ginige, Shamila / Firman, Elise / Li, Yee Sum / Soonarane, Yudish / Smoll, Nicolas / May, Fiona / Hunter, Ian / Pery, Brielle / Macfarlane, Bonnie / Bladen, Tracy / Allen, Terresa / Lennon, Melinda / Walker, Jacina / Slinko, Vicki / Stickley, Mark / Khandaker, Gulam / Anuradha, Satyamurthy / Wattiaux, Andre

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) e0277895

    Abstract: Background: With the reduction in access to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and changes in testing guidelines in Australia, a reduced number of people are seeking testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), limiting the opportunity to monitor ... ...

    Abstract Background: With the reduction in access to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and changes in testing guidelines in Australia, a reduced number of people are seeking testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), limiting the opportunity to monitor disease transmission. Knowledge of community transmission of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is essential to better predict subsequent surges in cases during the pandemic to alert health services, protect vulnerable populations and enhance public health measures. We describe a methodology for a testing-based sentinel surveillance program to monitor disease in the community for early signal detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
    Methods/design: A longitudinal active testing-based sentinel surveillance program for respiratory viruses (including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B and Respiratory Syncytial Virus) will be implemented in some regions of Queensland. Adults will be eligible for enrolment if they are part of specific community groups at increased risk of exposure and have not had a COVID-19 infection in the last 13 weeks. Recruitment via workplaces will occur in-person, via email and through online advertisement. Asymptomatic participants will be tested via PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection by weekly self-collected nasal swabs. In addition, symptomatic participants will be asked to seek SARS-CoV-2 and additional respiratory virus PCR testing at nominated COVID-19 testing sites. SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory virus prevalence data will be analysed weekly and at the end of the study period.
    Discussion: Once implemented, this surveillance program will determine the weekly prevalence of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses in the broader community by testing a representative sample of adults, with an aim to detect early changes in the baseline positivity rate. This information is essential to define the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the community in near-real time to inform public health control measures and prepare health services and other stakeholders for a rise in service demand.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0277895
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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