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  1. Article ; Online: Molecules Inducing Dental Stem Cells Differentiation and Bone Regeneration

    Anastasia Ariano / Francesca Posa / Giuseppina Storlino / Giorgio Mori

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9897, p

    State of the Art

    2023  Volume 9897

    Abstract: Teeth include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells that promote tooth growth and repair. Dental tissues, specifically the dental pulp and the dental bud, constitute a relevant source of multipotent stem cells, known as dental- ... ...

    Abstract Teeth include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells that promote tooth growth and repair. Dental tissues, specifically the dental pulp and the dental bud, constitute a relevant source of multipotent stem cells, known as dental-derived stem cells (d-DSCs): dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dental bud stem cells (DBSCs). Cell treatment with bone-associated factors and stimulation with small molecule compounds are, among the available methods, the ones who show excellent advantages promoting stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Recently, attention has been paid to studies on natural and non-natural compounds. Many fruits, vegetables, and some drugs contain molecules that can enhance MSC osteogenic differentiation and therefore bone formation. The purpose of this review is to examine research work over the past 10 years that has investigated two different types of MSCs from dental tissues that are attractive targets for bone tissue engineering: DPSCs and DBSCs. The reconstruction of bone defects, in fact, is still a challenge and therefore more research is needed; the articles reviewed are meant to identify compounds useful to stimulate d-DSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We only consider the results of the research which is encouraging, assuming that the mentioned compounds are of some importance for bone regeneration.
    Keywords dental stem cells ; mesenchymal stem cells ; dental pulp stem cells ; dental bud stem cells ; bone regeneration ; osteogenic differentiation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Editorial

    Giacomina Brunetti / Giorgio Mori / Maria Felicia Faienza

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 7643, p

    Special Issue on “Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Osteoclastogenesis”

    2020  Volume 7643

    Abstract: Bone is an active tissue that remodels continuously throughout life [.] ...

    Abstract Bone is an active tissue that remodels continuously throughout life [.]
    Keywords n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Editorial

    Andrea Ballini / Salvatore Scacco / Rajiv Saini / Stefania Cantore / Giorgio Mori

    Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol

    Advances in Endocrinology: Stem Cells and Growth Factors

    2020  Volume 11

    Keywords stem cells research and therapy ; translational endocrinology ; cell biology ; growth factors ; diseases ; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ; RC648-665
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Irisin and Secondary Osteoporosis in Humans

    Roberta Zerlotin / Angela Oranger / Patrizia Pignataro / Manuela Dicarlo / Filippo Maselli / Giorgio Mori / Silvia Concetta Colucci / Maria Grano / Graziana Colaianni

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 690, p

    2022  Volume 690

    Abstract: Irisin is a peptide secreted by skeletal muscle following exercise that plays an important role in bone metabolism. Numerous experiments in vitro and in mouse models have shown that the administration of recombinant irisin promotes osteogenesis, protects ...

    Abstract Irisin is a peptide secreted by skeletal muscle following exercise that plays an important role in bone metabolism. Numerous experiments in vitro and in mouse models have shown that the administration of recombinant irisin promotes osteogenesis, protects osteocytes from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, prevents disuse-induced loss of bone and muscle mass, and accelerates fracture healing. Although some aspects still need to be elucidated, such as the dose- and frequency-dependent effects of irisin in cell cultures and mouse models, ample clinical evidence is emerging to support its physiological relevance on bone in humans. A reduction in serum irisin levels, associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures, was observed in postmenopausal women and in both men and women during aging, Recently, cohort studies of subjects with secondary osteoporosis showed that these patients have lower circulating levels of irisin, suggesting that this myokine could be a novel marker to monitor bone quality in this disease. Although there are still few studies, this review discusses the emerging data that are highlighting the involvement of irisin in some diseases that cause secondary osteoporosis.
    Keywords irisin ; osteoporosis ; hyperparathyroidism ; Prader–Willi syndrome ; growth hormone ; Cushing’s disease ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Once-Daily Subcutaneous Irisin Administration Mitigates Depression- and Anxiety-like Behavior in Young Mice

    Patrizia Pignataro / Manuela Dicarlo / Clelia Suriano / Lorenzo Sanesi / Roberta Zerlotin / Giuseppina Storlino / Angela Oranger / Chiara Zecca / Maria Teresa Dell’Abate / Giorgio Mori / Maria Grano / Silvia Colucci / Graziana Colaianni

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 6715, p

    2023  Volume 6715

    Abstract: Major depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide, usually associated with anxiety. The multi-etiological nature of depression has increased the search for new antidepressant molecules, including irisin, for which, in a previous ... ...

    Abstract Major depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide, usually associated with anxiety. The multi-etiological nature of depression has increased the search for new antidepressant molecules, including irisin, for which, in a previous study, we tested its effect in young mice when administered intraperitoneally in a long-term intermittent manner. Here, we evaluated the effect of subcutaneous short-term irisin administration (100 µg/Kg/day/5 days) in male and female mice subjected to behavioral paradigms: Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Y Maze (YM). Moreover, a qRT-PCR assay was performed to analyze the impact of irisin treatment on Pgc-1α/FNDC5 expression in the brain. A significant reduction in immobility time in TST and FST was observed in irisin-treated mice. Furthermore, irisin treatment significantly increased the number of entries and time spent in open arms, demonstrating its anxiolytic effect. Memory-enhancing effects were not reported in YM. Interestingly, no gender differences were observed in all behavioral tests. Overall, these results suggest that short-term subcutaneous irisin administration can exert an antidepressant and anxiolytic role, probably due to the activation of the Pgc-1α/FNDC5 system in the brain. Further investigation could lead to the identification of irisin as a new agent for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
    Keywords antidepressant ; anxiolytic ; irisin ; subcutaneous injection ; young mice ; open field test ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Irisin Modulates Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and Osteogenic Factors during Fracture Healing

    Angela Oranger / Roberta Zerlotin / Cinzia Buccoliero / Lorenzo Sanesi / Giuseppina Storlino / Ernestina Schipani / Kenneth Michael Kozloff / Giorgio Mori / Graziana Colaianni / Silvia Colucci / Maria Grano

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 1809, p

    2023  Volume 1809

    Abstract: Bone fractures are a widespread clinical event due to accidental falls and trauma or bone fragility; they also occur in association with various diseases and are common with aging. In the search for new therapeutic strategies, a crucial link between ... ...

    Abstract Bone fractures are a widespread clinical event due to accidental falls and trauma or bone fragility; they also occur in association with various diseases and are common with aging. In the search for new therapeutic strategies, a crucial link between irisin and bone fractures has recently emerged. To explore this issue, we subjected 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice to tibial fracture, and then we treated them with intra-peritoneal injection of r-Irisin (100 µg/kg/weekly) or vehicle as control. At day 10 post fracture, histological analysis showed a significant reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) ( p = 0.004) and macrophage inflammatory protein-alpha (MIP-1α) ( p = 0.015) in the cartilaginous callus of irisin-treated mice compared to controls, supporting irisin’s anti-inflammatory role. We also found increased expressions of the pro-angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ( p = 0.002) and the metalloproteinase MMP-13 ( p = 0.0006) in the irisin-treated mice compared to the vehicle ones, suggesting a myokine involvement in angiogenesis and cartilage matrix degradation processes. Moreover, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) expression was also upregulated ( p = 0.002). Taken together, our findings suggest that irisin can contribute to fracture repair by reducing inflammation and promoting vessel invasion, matrix degradation, and bone formation, supporting its possible role as a novel molecule for fracture treatment.
    Keywords fracture ; irisin ; TNFα ; MIP-1α ; VEGF ; MMP-13 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Short-Term Irisin Treatment Enhanced Neurotrophin Expression Differently in the Hippocampus and the Prefrontal Cortex of Young Mice

    Manuela Dicarlo / Patrizia Pignataro / Roberta Zerlotin / Clelia Suriano / Chiara Zecca / Maria Teresa Dell’Abate / Giuseppina Storlino / Angela Oranger / Lorenzo Sanesi / Giorgio Mori / Maria Grano / Graziana Colaianni / Silvia Colucci

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9111, p

    2023  Volume 9111

    Abstract: As a result of physical exercise, muscle releases multiple exerkines, such as “irisin”, which is thought to induce pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects. We recently demonstrated in young healthy mice the mitigation of depressive behaviors induced by ... ...

    Abstract As a result of physical exercise, muscle releases multiple exerkines, such as “irisin”, which is thought to induce pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects. We recently demonstrated in young healthy mice the mitigation of depressive behaviors induced by consecutive 5 day irisin administration. To understand which molecular mechanisms might be involved in such effect, we here studied, in a group of mice previously submitted to a behavioral test of depression, the gene expression of neurotrophins and cytokines in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), two brain areas frequently investigated in the depression pathogenesis. We found significantly increased mRNA levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) in the hippocampus and brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) in the PFC. We did not detect a difference in the mRNA levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in both brain regions. Except for BDNF in the PFC, two-way ANOVA analysis did not reveal sex differences in the expression of the tested genes. Overall, our data evidenced a site-specific cerebral modulation of neurotrophins induced by irisin treatment in the hippocampus and the PFC, contributing to the search for new antidepressant treatments targeted at single depressive events with short-term protocols.
    Keywords depression ; antidepressant ; irisin ; fibronectin type III domain containing 5 ; physical exercise ; BDNF ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Irisin Protects against Loss of Trabecular Bone Mass and Strength in Adult Ovariectomized Mice by Stimulating Osteoblast Activity

    Giuseppina Storlino / Manuela Dicarlo / Roberta Zerlotin / Patrizia Pignataro / Lorenzo Sanesi / Clelia Suriano / Angela Oranger / Giorgio Mori / Giovanni Passeri / Silvia Colucci / Maria Grano / Graziana Colaianni

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9896, p

    2023  Volume 9896

    Abstract: Irisin is a peptide secreted by skeletal muscle that plays a major role in bone metabolism. Experiments in mouse models have shown that administration of recombinant irisin prevents disuse-induced bone loss. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ... ...

    Abstract Irisin is a peptide secreted by skeletal muscle that plays a major role in bone metabolism. Experiments in mouse models have shown that administration of recombinant irisin prevents disuse-induced bone loss. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of irisin treatment for the prevention of bone loss in the ovariectomized (Ovx) mouse, the animal model commonly used to investigate osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency. Micro-Ct analysis conducted on Sham mice (Sham-veh) and Ovx mice treated with vehicle (Ovx-veh) or recombinant irisin (Ovx-irisn) showed bone volume fraction (BV/TV) decreases in femurs (Ovx-veh 1.39± 0.71 vs. Sham-veh 2.84 ± 1.23; p = 0.02) and tibia at both proximal condyles (Ovx-veh 1.97 ± 0.68 vs. Sham-veh 3.48 ± 1.26; p = 0.03) and the subchondral plate (Ovx-veh 6.33 ± 0.36 vs. Sham-veh 8.18 ± 0.41; p = 0.01), which were prevented by treatment with a weekly dose of irisin for 4 weeks. Moreover, histological analysis of trabecular bone showed that irisin increased the number of active osteoblasts per bone perimeter (Ovx-irisin 32.3 ± 3.9 vs. Ovx-veh 23.5 ± 3.6; p = 0.01), while decreasing osteoclasts (Ovx-irisin 7.6 ± 2.4 vs. Ovx-veh 12.9 ± 3.04; p = 0.05). The possible mechanism by which irisin enhances osteoblast activity in Ovx mice is upregulation of the transcription factor Atf4 , one of the key markers of osteoblast differentiation, and osteoprotegerin, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation.
    Keywords Ovx-mice ; irisin ; bone loss ; estrogen ; subchondral bone ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: The Myokine Irisin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Bud-Derived MSCs

    Francesca Posa / Graziana Colaianni / Michele Di Cosola / Manuela Dicarlo / Francesco Gaccione / Silvia Colucci / Maria Grano / Giorgio Mori

    Biology, Vol 10, Iss 295, p

    2021  Volume 295

    Abstract: The myokine irisin, well known for its anabolic effect on bone tissue, has been demonstrated to positively act on osteoblastic differentiation processes in vitro . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in precision medicine and ... ...

    Abstract The myokine irisin, well known for its anabolic effect on bone tissue, has been demonstrated to positively act on osteoblastic differentiation processes in vitro . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in precision medicine and translational research for several decades due to their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be easily cultured and manipulated. Dental bud stem cells (DBSCs) are MSCs, isolated from dental tissues, that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this study, we analyzed, for the first time, the effects of irisin on DBSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro . Our results indicated that DBSCs were responsive to irisin, showed an enhanced expression of osteocalcin (OCN), a late marker of osteoblast differentiation, and displayed a greater mineral matrix deposition. These findings lead to deepening the mechanism of action of this promising molecule, as part of osteoblastogenesis process. Considering the in vivo studies of the effects of irisin on skeleton, irisin could improve bone tissue metabolism in MSC regenerative procedures.
    Keywords bone ; irisin ; osteocalcin ; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ; precision medicine ; dental stem cells ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Targeting Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Plasticity for Tissue Regeneration

    Giorgio Mori / Giacomina Brunetti / Filiberto Mastrangelo / Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam

    Stem Cells International, Vol

    2017  Volume 2017

    Keywords Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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