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Article ; Online: Lake Ohrid’s tephrochronological dataset reveals 1.36 Ma of Mediterranean explosive volcanic activity

Niklas Leicher / Biagio Giaccio / Giovanni Zanchetta / Roberto Sulpizio / Paul G. Albert / Emma L. Tomlinson / Markus Lagos / Alexander Francke / Bernd Wagner

Scientific Data, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 14

Abstract: Measurement(s) major and minor element composition • trace element composition Technology Type(s) EPMA-WDS • SEM-EDS • LA-ICP-MS Sample Characteristic - Environment lake sediment Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi ... ...

Abstract	Measurement(s) major and minor element composition • trace element composition Technology Type(s) EPMA-WDS • SEM-EDS • LA-ICP-MS Sample Characteristic - Environment lake sediment Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14635578
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification of Leveled Archeological Mounds (Höyük) in the Alluvial Plain of the Ceyhan River (Southern Turkey) by Satellite Remote-Sensing Analyses

Monica Bini / Ilaria Isola / Giovanni Zanchetta / Adriano Ribolini / Andrea Ciampalini / Ilaria Baneschi / Daniela Mele / Anna Lucia D’Agata

Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 2, p

2018 Volume 241

Abstract: The alluvial plain of the Ceyhan River (SE Turkey) has been populated since the Neolithic. In 1954, Marjory Veronica Seton-Williams described for this area several archeological mounds (höyük), which are the remains of ancient settlements. Today, ... ...

Abstract	The alluvial plain of the Ceyhan River (SE Turkey) has been populated since the Neolithic. In 1954, Marjory Veronica Seton-Williams described for this area several archeological mounds (höyük), which are the remains of ancient settlements. Today, according to the archeological research carried out in the area, some of these mounds result to have been leveled by agricultural activities. In this work, we identified many color anomalies by low-cost remote-sensing analyses of satellite images. We checked the nature of these anomalies in a dedicated survey and we found a good correspondence between color anomalies and archeological remains consistent with leveled höyük. We compared the grain size and chemical characteristics of the soil collected inside the color anomalies with the soil collected in other areas of the alluvial plain. We found irrelevant differences in grain-size characteristics, but a higher content of CaCO3 in soils collected inside the anomalies with respect to those collected outside. Therefore, the content of CaCO3 could be considered the feature that makes the color anomalies visible. The reason for this higher content of CaCO3 is related to the anthropogenic material used in the different phases of höyük growth. This work suggests a low-cost analysis useful for rapid identification and preservation of archeological information on the history of Mediterranean settlement.
Keywords	mounds ; höyük ; optical imagery ; archeological remains ; Sentinel-2 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	930
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Evidence for a Younger Dryas deglaciation in the Galicica Mountains (FYROM) from cosmogenic 36Cl

Gromig, Raphael / Silke Mechernich / Adriano Ribolini / Bernd Wagner / Giovanni Zanchetta / Ilaria Isola / Monica Bini / Tibor J. Dunai

Quaternary international. 2018 Jan. 15, v. 464

2018

Abstract: This study presents the first cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure data from a moraine in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Five limestone boulders from an end moraine in the Galicica Mountains (40.94°N, 20.83°E, 2050 m a.s.l.) were used for ...

Abstract	This study presents the first cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure data from a moraine in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Five limestone boulders from an end moraine in the Galicica Mountains (40.94°N, 20.83°E, 2050 m a.s.l.) were used for cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure dating. The 36Cl concentrations from the five boulders are identical within their measurement uncertainties ruling out major effects of inheritance, erosion, or snow cover. The calculated ages are very consistent ranging from 11.3 ± 1.3 to 12.8 ± 1.4 ka (mean 12 ± 0.6 ka) after applying a Ca-spallation production rate of 56 at g−1 a−1 (LSD scaling) and correction for 5 mm ka−1 carbonate weathering and 2% snow shielding. The applied corrections for weathering and snow shielding cause a shift to older ages in the order of magnitude of ca. 5% on average, making the production rate the main impact on exposure ages. The ages point to a moraine formation during the Younger Dryas period, consistent with the timing of the last deglaciation in the Galicica Mountains derived from previous geomorphological studies in the area. The formation of a glacier was likely favoured by several topoclimatic factors, accounting for additional snow input. This interpretation is in line with regional studies on glaciation chronologies from Šara Range (FYROM/Republic of Kosovo), Retezat Mountains (Romania), Mt. Chelmos (Greece), Mount Orjen (Montenegro) and Durmitor (Montenegro). Lake sediment analyses of Prespa (Republic of Albania/FYROM/Greece), Maliq (Republic of Albania) and Dojran lakes (FYROM/Greece) indicate that cold conditions promoted the formation of a local cirque glacier. However, studies of sediment records of the adjacent lakes Ohrid (Republic of Albania/FYROM) and Prespa do not indicate the presence of a proximal glaciation. An explanation might be a combination of the small size of the cirque glacier, generating only small amounts of debris, and the karstic bedrock, which hampers fluvial transport and acts by its aquifer system as a natural sediment trap, as the fluvial transport of the sediments to the lakes is absorbed by the karst system.
Keywords	altitude ; aquifers ; bedrock ; carbonates ; cold ; glaciation ; glaciers ; karsts ; lakes ; limestone ; mountains ; sediment traps ; sediments ; snow ; snowpack ; uncertainty ; Albania ; Greece ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; Republic of North Macedonia ; Romania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0115
Size	p. 352-363.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	1040-6182
DOI	10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy

Russell Drysdale / Isabelle Couchoud / Giovanni Zanchetta / Ilaria Isola / Eleonora Regattieri / John Hellstrom / Aline Govin / Polychronis C. Tzedakis / Trevor Ireland / Ellen Corrick / Alan Greig / Henri Wong / Leonardo Piccini / Peter Holden / Jon Woodhead

Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 11

Abstract: Few palaeoclimate archives beyond the polar regions preserve continuous and datable paleotemperature proxy time series over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Here, the authors show that Mg concentrations in a subaqueous speleothem from an Italian ... ...

Abstract	Few palaeoclimate archives beyond the polar regions preserve continuous and datable paleotemperature proxy time series over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Here, the authors show that Mg concentrations in a subaqueous speleothem from an Italian cave track regional sea-surface temperatures over the last 350,000 years.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy

Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 11

Abstract	Few palaeoclimate archives beyond the polar regions preserve continuous and datable paleotemperature proxy time series over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Here, the authors show that Mg concentrations in a subaqueous speleothem from an Italian cave track regional sea-surface temperatures over the last 350,000 years.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Sediment residence time reveals Holocene shift from climatic to vegetation control on catchment erosion in the Balkans

Francke, Alexander / Anthony Dosseto / Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos / Niklas Leicher / Jack H. Lacey / Styliani Kyrikou / Bernd Wagner / Giovanni Zanchetta / Katerina Kouli / Melanie J. Leng

Elsevier B.V. Global and planetary change. 2019 June, v. 177

2019

Abstract: Understanding the evolution of soil systems on geological time scales has become fundamentally important to predict future landscape development in light of rapid global warming and intensifying anthropogenic impact. Here, we use an innovative uranium ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the evolution of soil systems on geological time scales has become fundamentally important to predict future landscape development in light of rapid global warming and intensifying anthropogenic impact. Here, we use an innovative uranium isotope-based technique combined with organic carbon isotopes and elemental ratios of sediments from Lake Ohrid (North Macedonia/Albania) to reconstruct soil system evolution in the lake's catchment during the last ~16,000 cal yr BP. Uranium isotopes are used to estimated the paleo-sediment residence time, defined as the time elapsed between formation of silt and clay sized detrital matter and final deposition. The chronology is based on new cryptotephra layers identified in the sediment sequence. The isotope and elemental data are compared to sedimentary properties and pollen from the same sample material to provide a better understanding of past catchment erosion and landscape evolution in the light of climate forcing, vegetation development, and anthropogenic land use.During the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene, when wide parts of the catchment were covered by open vegetation, wetter climates promoted the mobilisation of detrital matter with a short paleo-sediment residence time. This is explained by erosion of deeper parts of the weathering horizon from thin soils. Detrital matter with a longer paleo-sediment residence time, illustrating shallow erosion of thicker soils is deposited in drier climates. The coupling between climatic variations and soil erosion terminates at the Early to Mid-Holocene transition as evidenced by a pronounced shift in uranium isotope ratios indicating that catchment erosion is dominated by shallow erosion of thick soils only. This shift suggests a threshold is crossed in hillslope erosion, possibly as a result of a major change in vegetation cover preventing deep erosion of thin soils at higher elevation. The threshold in catchment erosion is not mirrored by soil development over time, which gradually increases in response to Late Glacial to Holocene warming until human land use during the Late Holocene promotes reduced soil development and soil degradation. Overall, we observe that soil system evolution is progressively controlled by climatic, vegetation, and eventually by human land use over the last ~16,000 years.
Keywords	Holocene epoch ; altitude ; anthropogenic activities ; carbon isotopes ; clay ; climate ; global warming ; humans ; lakes ; land use ; landscapes ; organic carbon ; pollen ; radiative forcing ; sediments ; soil ; soil erosion ; topographic slope ; uranium ; vegetation cover ; watersheds ; weathering ; Albania ; Balkans
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 186-200.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016967-X
ISSN	0921-8181
ISSN	0921-8181
DOI	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.04.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Early–Middle Holocene environmental changes and pre-Neolithic human occupations as recorded in the cavities of Jebel Qara (Dhofar, southern Sultanate of Oman)

Cremaschi, Mauro / Andrea Zerboni / Eleonora Regattieri / Giovanni Zanchetta / Ilaria Isola / Rémy Crassard / Vincent Charpentier

Quaternary international. 2015 Sept. 24, v. 382

2015

Abstract: Numerous palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies from southern Arabia (Yemen and Oman) have revealed strong relations between phases of human settlements and climate change linked to the Indian monsoon system. Analyses on speleothems, cave fills, ... ...

Abstract	Numerous palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies from southern Arabia (Yemen and Oman) have revealed strong relations between phases of human settlements and climate change linked to the Indian monsoon system. Analyses on speleothems, cave fills, lacustrine deposits and palaeo-mangroves have shown that during the Early to Mid-Holocene, a humid Optimum culminated around 9000–8000 cal BP. New results on inland speleothems and cave sediments from the Jebel Qara (southern Oman) are crucial in our depiction of Early and Mid-Holocene climatic evolution and cultural dynamics of the region. These aspects are discussed here, based on new archaeological surveys, excavations, geoarchaeological and micromorphological studies, aiming to better understand connections with Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene autochthonous cultures of southern Arabia. Our results suggest that the final Pleistocene was marked by strong aridity, which promoted a widespread thermoclastism within rock shelter and deposition of aeolian sand; in contrast, the transition towards the Holocene is marked (since c. 12,000 cal BP) by a progressive increasing in environmental humidity, which permitted the formation of thick strata of peridesert loess. After this phase, the environmental humidity of the Jebel increased and permitted the existence of a large community of land snails; the latter were exploited by Early Holocene hunter–gatherers who lived in the rock shelters between c. 10,500–9500 cal BP and left consistent accumulations of land shells (escargotières). The maximum of Holocene humidity was reached between 9000 and 8000 cal BP; regional aquifer were recharged and the deposition of calcareous tufa at the entrance of caves started, lasting up to c. 4500 cal BP. C and O stable isotopes from calcareous tufa highlights, in accordance with several regional records, the progressive decline of the intensity of the Indian Ocean monsoon and the transition towards arid conditions. In this phase, the area was abandoned and archaeological communities possibly relocated along the coast of central and southern Oman, where they exploited the mangrove environment.
Keywords	aquifers ; caves ; climate change ; climatology ; coasts ; dry environmental conditions ; eolian sands ; Holocene epoch ; human settlements ; humidity ; lacustrine sediments ; loess ; monsoon season ; occupations ; paleoecology ; snails ; stable isotopes ; surveys ; Indian Ocean ; Oman ; Yemen
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0924
Size	p. 264-276.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	1040-6182
DOI	10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.058
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Holocene Critical Zone dynamics in an Alpine catchment inferred from a speleothem multiproxy record

Eleonora Regattieri / Giovanni Zanchetta / Ilaria Isola / Elena Zanella / Russell N. Drysdale / John C. Hellstrom / Andrea Zerboni / Luigi Dallai / Evdokia Tema / Luca Lanci / Emanuele Costa / Federico Magrì

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

disentangling climate and human influences

2019 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Disentangling the effects of climate and human impact on the long-term evolution of the Earth Critical Zone is crucial to understand the array of its potential responses to the ongoing Global Change. This task requires natural archives from ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Disentangling the effects of climate and human impact on the long-term evolution of the Earth Critical Zone is crucial to understand the array of its potential responses to the ongoing Global Change. This task requires natural archives from which local information about soil and vegetation can be linked directly to climate parameters. Here we present a high-resolution, well-dated, speleothem multiproxy record from the SW Italian Alps, spanning the last ~10,000 years of the present interglacial (Holocene). We correlate magnetic properties and the carbon stable isotope ratio to soil stability and pedogenesis, whereas the oxygen isotope composition is interpreted as primarily related to precipitation amount, modulated at different timescales by changes in precipitation source and seasonality. During the 9.7-2.8 ka period, when anthropic pressure over the catchment was scarce, intervals of enhanced soil erosion are related to climate-driven vegetation contractions and occurred during drier periods. Immediately following the onset of the Iron Age (ca. 2.8 ka), by contrast, periods of enhanced soil erosion coincided with a wetter climate. We propose that the observed changes in the soil response to climate forcing were related to early anthropogenic manipulations of Earth’s surface, which made the ECZ more sensitive to climate oscillations.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A MIS 9/MIS 8 speleothem record of hydrological variability from Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.)

Regattieri, Eleonora / Alexander Francke / Bernd Wagner / Chiara Boschi / Giovanni Zanchetta / Ilaria Isola / John C. Hellstrom / Natale Perchiazzi / Petra Bajo / Russell N. Drysdale

Elsevier B.V. Global and planetary change. 2018 Mar., v. 162

2018

Abstract: The period corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages 9 (MIS 9) offers the opportunity to study orbital and sub-orbital scale climate variability under boundary conditions different from those of better studied intervals such as the Holocene and the Last ... ...

Abstract	The period corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages 9 (MIS 9) offers the opportunity to study orbital and sub-orbital scale climate variability under boundary conditions different from those of better studied intervals such as the Holocene and the Last Interglacial. Yet, it is poorly represented in independently-dated continental archives around the Mediterranean Region. Here, we present a speleothem stable isotope record (δ18O and δ13C) from the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M., southern Balkans), which consists of two periods of growth broadly covering the ca. 332 to 292ka and the ca. 264 to 248ka intervals (MIS 9e-b and late MIS 8). We interpret the speleothem δ18O as mostly related to regional hydrology, with variations that can be interpreted as due to changes in rainfall amount, with higher/lower values associated to drier/wetter condition. This interpretation is corroborated by a change in mineralogical composition between aragonite and calcite at ca. 328ka, which marks increasing precipitation at the onset of MIS 9 and occurs within a trend of decreasing δ18O values. Also the comparison with the multiproxy climate record available from the nearby Lake Ohrid seems to support the proposed interpretation. The MIS 9e interglacial appears to be characterized by wettest conditions between ca. 326 and 321ka, i.e. lasting ca. 5kyr. Decreasing precipitation and enhanced millennial scale variability matches the glacial inception (MIS9 d to b), with drier events at ca. 319ka (ca. 2kyr long) and 310ka (ca. 1kyr long), and a major rainfall reduction between 306 and 298ka. The latter is followed by a prominent wetter period between 298 and 295ka, for which carbon data values suggest high infiltration rate. Rainfall decreases again after 295ka, and remain low until the growth interruption at ca. 292ka. Resumption of the growth and progressive soil development, expressed by the carbon isotope record, occurred during the late part of MIS 8. Despite the rather high temporal uncertainty (average 6ka), the speleothem hydrological record complements the environmental information provided by the Lake Ohrid record and also fits well to the framework of regional and extra-regional variability, showing similarities with pollen records from southern and western Europe, both at orbital and at sub-orbital time scale.
Keywords	aragonite ; calcite ; carbon ; climate ; infiltration rate ; lakes ; meteorological data ; oxygen ; paleoclimatology ; pollen ; rain ; soil ; stable isotopes ; uncertainty ; Balkans ; Macedonia ; Mediterranean region ; Western European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 39-52.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016967-X
ISSN	0921-8181
ISSN	0921-8181
DOI	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.01.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A continuous stable isotope record from the penultimate glacial maximum to the Last Interglacial (159–121ka) from Tana Che Urla Cave (Apuan Alps, central Italy)

Regattieri, Eleonora / Adriano Roncioni / Giovanni Zanchetta / Ilaria Isola / John C. Hellstrom / Russell N. Drysdale

University of Washington Quaternary research. 2014 Sept., v. 82, no. 2

2014

Abstract: Relatively few radiometrically dated records are available for the central Mediterranean spanning the marine oxygen isotope stage 6–5 (MIS 6–5) transition and the first part of the Last Interglacial. Two flowstone cores from Tana che Urla Cave (TCU, ... ...

Abstract	Relatively few radiometrically dated records are available for the central Mediterranean spanning the marine oxygen isotope stage 6–5 (MIS 6–5) transition and the first part of the Last Interglacial. Two flowstone cores from Tana che Urla Cave (TCU, central Italy), constrained by 19 U/Th ages, preserve an interval of continuous speleothem deposition between ca. 159 and 121ka. A multiproxy record (δ18O, δ13C, growth rate and petrographic changes) obtained from this flowstone preserves significant regional-scale hydrological changes through the glacial/interglacial transition and multi-centennial variability (interpreted as alternations between wetter and drier periods) within both glacial and interglacial stages. The glacial stage shows a wetter period between ca. 154 and 152ka, while the early to middle Last Interglacial period shows several drying events at ca. 129, 126 and 122ka, which can be placed in the wider context of climatic instability emerging from North Atlantic marine and NW European terrestrial records. The TCU record also provides important insights into the evolution of local environmental conditions (i.e. soil development) in response to regional and global-scale climate events.
Keywords	carbon ; climate ; drying ; environmental factors ; hydrology ; oxygen ; paleoclimatology ; soil ; stable isotopes ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-09
Size	p. 450-461.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	205711-6
ISSN	0033-5894
ISSN	0033-5894
DOI	10.1016/j.yqres.2014.05.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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