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  1. Article ; Online: From family to markets. How institutional determinants of rural youth transitions have changed in Senegal and Zambia over time

    Girard, Pierre

    Journal of Rural Studies. 2023 July, v. 101 p.103040-

    2023  

    Abstract: The future of rural youth employment is a major issue in sub-Saharan Africa because structural transformation is slow. However, youth employment is rarely considered in terms of institutional economics or in a long-term perspective, both of which are ... ...

    Abstract The future of rural youth employment is a major issue in sub-Saharan Africa because structural transformation is slow. However, youth employment is rarely considered in terms of institutional economics or in a long-term perspective, both of which are essential for analysing structural change. Little research has focused on employment issues and how they are affected by the type of rural areas, and especially the farming potential. This paper seeks to identify the main institutional determinants of youth transitions. We examine the assets and opportunities, internal or external to the family, available to young people. Combining a theoretical framework based on institutional economics with a comparative and historical methodology can reveal structural change in rural areas. The research draws on original longitudinal data collected in four rural areas in Senegal and Zambia in order to analyse transitions to adulthood among three successive cohorts of youth. While the majority of youth employment policies focus on improving young people's skills, the long-term analysis reveals the institutional changes regarding access to land, capital and knowledge, as well as the redistribution of value and social protection. The analysis points to the importance of taking account of structural characteristics and related institutions when addressing the challenge of employment for future cohorts of youth.
    Keywords adulthood ; capital ; employment ; public policy ; rural youth ; Senegal ; Zambia ; Institutional economics ; Youth ; Rural ; Africa ; B52 ; J11 ; O18 ; O55
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-07
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 252458-2
    ISSN 0743-0167
    ISSN 0743-0167
    DOI 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103040
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Trachéobronchomalacie : les images sont trompeuses.

    Girard, P / Perrot, L

    Revue des maladies respiratoires

    2021  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 308–309

    Title translation Trachebronchomalacia: images are misleading.
    Language French
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country France
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 605743-3
    ISSN 1776-2588 ; 0301-0279 ; 0761-8425
    ISSN (online) 1776-2588
    ISSN 0301-0279 ; 0761-8425
    DOI 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.002
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  3. Article ; Online: Quelles sont les indications du filtre cave ?

    Bertoletti, L / Girard, P / Sanchez, O

    Revue des maladies respiratoires

    2021  Volume 38 Suppl 1, Page(s) e69–e73

    Title translation What are the indications for a caval filter?
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Vena Cava Filters ; Vena Cava, Inferior
    Language French
    Publishing date 2021-03-17
    Publishing country France
    Document type Practice Guideline
    ZDB-ID 605743-3
    ISSN 1776-2588 ; 0301-0279 ; 0761-8425
    ISSN (online) 1776-2588
    ISSN 0301-0279 ; 0761-8425
    DOI 10.1016/j.rmr.2019.05.006
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  4. Article: Hétérozygotie et durée de développement chez Drosophila melanogaster.

    Girard, P

    Genetique, selection, evolution

    2012  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 261–278

    Language French
    Publishing date 2012-08-09
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 408854-2
    ISSN 0754-0264
    ISSN 0754-0264
    DOI 10.1186/1297-9686-18-3-261
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  5. Article ; Online: Gustilo IIIA Open Bimalleolar Fracture Dislocation of Ankle with Ipsilateral Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

    Sarrel, Kara / Girard, Paul

    JBJS case connector

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: Case: Although rare, a medial malleolus fracture plus ipsilateral Achilles tendon rupture has been described in previous case reports. We present a unique case of an open bimalleolar fracture dislocation with ipsilateral Achilles tendon rupture after a ... ...

    Abstract Case: Although rare, a medial malleolus fracture plus ipsilateral Achilles tendon rupture has been described in previous case reports. We present a unique case of an open bimalleolar fracture dislocation with ipsilateral Achilles tendon rupture after a motorcycle crash. His Achilles injury was diagnosed intraoperatively during external fixator placement. He presented in a delayed fashion to our institution, where he underwent open reduction internal fixation and Achilles tendon reconstruction.
    Conclusion: Although most commonly described with isolated medial malleolus fractures, Achilles tendon injuries can also be associated with bimalleolar ankle fractures. These associated injuries are frequently missed.
    MeSH term(s) Achilles Tendon/injuries ; Achilles Tendon/surgery ; Ankle ; Ankle Fractures/complications ; Ankle Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Ankle Fractures/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Rupture/complications ; Rupture/surgery ; Tendon Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Tendon Injuries/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2160-3251
    ISSN (online) 2160-3251
    DOI e20.00435
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  6. Article ; Online: Location and temporal memory of objects declines in aged marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

    De Castro, Vanessa / Girard, Pascal

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 9138

    Abstract: Episodic memory decline is an early marker of cognitive aging in human. Although controversial in animals and called "episodic-like memory", several models have been successfully developed, however they rarely focused on ageing. While marmoset is an ... ...

    Abstract Episodic memory decline is an early marker of cognitive aging in human. Although controversial in animals and called "episodic-like memory", several models have been successfully developed, however they rarely focused on ageing. While marmoset is an emerging primate model in aging science, episodic-like memory has never been tested in this species and importantly in aged marmosets. Here, we examined if the recall of the what-when and what-where building blocks of episodic-like memory declines in ageing marmosets. We developed a naturalistic approach using spontaneous exploration of real objects by young and old marmosets in the home cage. We implemented a three-trial task with 1 week inter-trial interval. Two different sets of identical objects were presented in sample trials 1 and 2, respectively. For the test trial, two objects from each set were presented in a former position and two in a new one. We quantified the exploratory behaviour and calculated discrimination indices in a cohort of 20 marmosets. Young animals presented a preserved memory for combined what-where, and what-when components of the experiment, which declined with aging. These findings lead one to expect episodic-like memory deficits in aged marmosets.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Callithrix/physiology ; Cognitive Aging ; Discriminant Analysis ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Memory, Episodic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-88357-7
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  7. Article ; Online: Hemodynamic consequences of pulmonary embolism: a rebuttal.

    Girard, P

    Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH

    2010  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 412–3; author reply 413–4

    MeSH term(s) Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Pulmonary Embolism/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 2112661-6
    ISSN 1538-7836 ; 1538-7933
    ISSN (online) 1538-7836
    ISSN 1538-7933
    DOI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04141.x
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  8. Article ; Online: Acceptability of a task sharing and shifting model between family physicians and physiotherapists in French multidisciplinary primary healthcare centres: a cross-sectional survey.

    Kechichian, Amélie / Desmeules, François / Girard, Pauline / Pinsault, Nicolas

    Family medicine and community health

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Objectives: The rising prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders increases pressure on primary care services. In France, patients with musculoskeletal disorders are referred to physiotherapist (PT) by family physician (FP). To improve access to ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The rising prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders increases pressure on primary care services. In France, patients with musculoskeletal disorders are referred to physiotherapist (PT) by family physician (FP). To improve access to musculoskeletal care, a new model of task sharing and shifting is implemented between FPs and PTs for patients with acute low back pain. This new model enables French PTs to expand their usual scope of practice by receiving patients as first-contact practitioner, diagnosing low back pain, prescribing sick leave and analgesic medication. The aim of this study is to investigate the acceptability of FPs and PTs regarding this new model.
    Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Acceptability was measured using a questionnaire on the perception of the model and the perception of PTs' skills to manage low back pain. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare results among participants.
    Setting: French FPs and PTs working in multidisciplinary primary healthcare centres were invited to complete an online survey.
    Participants: A total of 174 respondents completed the survey (81 FPs and 85 PTs).
    Results: A majority of participants had a positive perception of the task sharing and shifting model. A majority of the participants were mostly or totally favourable towards the implementation of the model (FPs: n=46, 82% and PTs: n=40, 82%). The perceived level of competencies of PTs to manage acute low back pain was high. The confidence level of FPs was higher than that of PTs regarding PTs' ability to adequately diagnose low back pain, refer patient to physiotherapy and prescribe sick leave or analgesic medication.
    Conclusion: Based on this limited sample of participants, there appears to be good acceptability of the task sharing and shifting model for acute low back pain. Additional studies are needed to better determine the factors affecting the acceptability of such a model.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Low Back Pain/diagnosis ; Low Back Pain/therapy ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/diagnosis ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy ; Physical Therapists ; Physicians, Family ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2986753-8
    ISSN 2009-8774 ; 2305-6983
    ISSN (online) 2009-8774
    ISSN 2305-6983
    DOI 10.1136/fmch-2022-001644
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  9. Article ; Online: Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of evobrutinib in healthy adult participants.

    Papasouliotis, Orestis / Mitchell, David / Girard, Pascal / Dyroff, Martin

    Clinical and translational science

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) 2899–2908

    Abstract: Evobrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has shown therapeutic potential in relapsing multiple sclerosis. This analysis aimed to develop pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD; BTK occupancy [BTKO]) models of evobrutinib and ... ...

    Abstract Evobrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has shown therapeutic potential in relapsing multiple sclerosis. This analysis aimed to develop pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD; BTK occupancy [BTKO]) models of evobrutinib and simulate PK and BTKO profiles under alternative dosing regimens. Data were obtained from two phase I evobrutinib studies in healthy adult participants (Japanese and non-Japanese). Overall, 2326 observations were available from 76 participants; n = 42 from Study MS200527_0017 Part A received evobrutinib 25, 75, or 200 mg once-daily oral doses for 6 days while fasted; n = 18 from Study MS200527_0019 and n = 16 from Study MS200527_0017 Part B received single evobrutinib 75 mg oral doses with food (low-fat meal) and while fasted. Population PK/PD modeling for evobrutinib concentrations and BTKO (fraction unbound) were performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The effect of once-daily/twice-daily regimens and doses of 10-200 mg on BTKO were simulated. A two-compartment model with sequential zero-first order absorption and first-order elimination adequately described the data. Bioavailability increased by 49% with food compared with when fasted. There was no difference in PK parameters between Japanese and non-Japanese participants. The BTKO profile of evobrutinib was described by the irreversible binding population model. The simulated percentage of participants with minimum BTKO increased in a dose-dependent manner across the BTKO thresholds of interest (70%, 80%, 90%, and 95% occupancy). Evobrutinib doses of 25 mg once-daily, 50 mg twice-daily, or 75 mg twice-daily while fasted are possible choices for further development, assuming BTKO ≥70% at trough is needed to achieve efficacy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Pyrimidines ; Piperidines ; Healthy Volunteers ; Fasting
    Chemical Substances evobrutinib (ZA45457L1K) ; Pyrimidines ; Piperidines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2433157-0
    ISSN 1752-8062 ; 1752-8054
    ISSN (online) 1752-8062
    ISSN 1752-8054
    DOI 10.1111/cts.13417
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  10. Article ; Online: Prognostic Value of FDG Uptake in Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Fact or Bias?

    Girard, Philippe

    Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

    2015  Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) e102

    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
    Chemical Substances Radiopharmaceuticals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2432037-7
    ISSN 1556-1380 ; 1556-0864
    ISSN (online) 1556-1380
    ISSN 1556-0864
    DOI 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000636
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