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Article ; Online: Central and Peripheral Fatigue Evaluation during Physical Exercise in Athletic Horses by Means of Raman Spectroscopy

Acri, Giuseppe / Testagrossa, Barbara / Piccione, Giuseppe / Arfuso, Francesca / Giudice, Elisabetta / Giannetto, Claudia

Animals. 2023 July 05, v. 13, no. 13

2023

Abstract: The evaluation of the performance levels in athletic horses is of major importance to prevent sports injuries. Raman spectroscopy is an innovative technique that allows for a rapid evaluation of biomolecules in biological fluids. It also permits ... ...

Abstract	The evaluation of the performance levels in athletic horses is of major importance to prevent sports injuries. Raman spectroscopy is an innovative technique that allows for a rapid evaluation of biomolecules in biological fluids. It also permits qualitative and quantitative sample analyses, which lead to the simultaneous determination of the components of the examined biological fluids. On the basis of this, the Raman spectroscopy technique was applied on serum samples collected from five Italian Saddle horses subjected to a standardized obstacle course preceded by a warm-up to evaluate the applicability of this technique for the assessment of central and peripheral fatigue in athletic horses. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture in a vacutainer tube with a clot activator before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 min and 1 h after the end of the obstacle course. Observing the obtained Raman spectra, the major changes due to the experimental conditions appeared in the (1300–1360) cm⁻¹ and (1385–1520) cm⁻¹ bands. In the (1300–1360) cm⁻¹ band, lipids and tryptophan were identified; in the (1385–1520) cm⁻¹ band, leucine, glycine, isoleucine, lactic acid, tripeptide, adenosine, and beta carotene were identified. A significant effect of exercise was recorded on all the sub-bands. In particular, a change immediately after exercise versus before exercise was found. Moreover, the mean lactic concentration was positively correlated with the Raman area of the sub-band assigned to lactic acid. In this context, the application of Raman spectroscopy on blood serum samples represents a useful technique for secondary-structure protein identification to investigate the metabolic changes that occur in athletic horses during physical exercise.
Keywords	Raman spectroscopy ; adenosine ; beta-carotene ; blood serum ; exercise ; isoleucine ; lactic acid ; leucine ; tripeptides ; tryptophan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0705
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13132201
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Serum C-reactive Protein and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern Correlated With Age in Horses

Arfuso, Francesca / Piccione, Giuseppe / Guttadauro, Alberto / Monteverde, Vincenzo / Giudice, Elisabetta / Giannetto, Claudia

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 July, v. 126 p.104561-

2023

Abstract: Inflammaging or chronic, low-grade inflammation is a phenomenon characterizing age-related pathologies and natural processes in aging tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the serum levels of C-reactive protein and protein ... ...

Abstract	Inflammaging or chronic, low-grade inflammation is a phenomenon characterizing age-related pathologies and natural processes in aging tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the serum levels of C-reactive protein and protein electrophoretic pattern in horses. Thirty Italian Saddle horses from the same horse training center, were enrolled and divided in three equal groups according to their age: Group A (2-4 years), Group B (7-10 years), Group C (15-20 years). Blood samples were collected from each horse to evaluate hematological parameters and the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), total proteins, albumin, α1-, α-2, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins. One-way analysis of variance showed an age-related difference in the concentration of CRP, α1- and α2-globulins (P < 0.001) which increased with aging. Albumin and albumin:globulin ratio showed lower values in Groups B and C than Group A (P < 0.001). Age of horses showed a negative correlation with the values of albumin, and a positive correlation with CRP, α1- and α2-globulins concentration. The results of the current study suggest an increased acute phase response in adult and old horses compared to young ones. As α-globulin fractions include many other acute phase proteins (APPs) in addition to CRP, further studies to assess what other APPs could be involved in chronic inflammation or “inflammaging” are recommended in horse in order to improve knowledge on the key inflammatory biomarkers during aging in this species.
Keywords	C-reactive protein ; adults ; albumins ; analysis of variance ; biomarkers ; blood serum ; electrophoresis ; horses ; inflammation ; veterinary medicine ; Serum protein electrophoresis ; Age ; Horse ; Acute phase response
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104561
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Interplay among the daily rhythm of the thyroid hormones, uncoupling protein 1 and the clock gene Per2 in horses

Giannetto, Claudia / Arfuso, Francesca / Giudice, Elisabetta / Guercio, Annalisa / Cannella, Vincenza / Monteverde, Vincenzo / Piccione, Giuseppe

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023, p.104496-

2023 , Page(s) 104496–

Abstract: During husbandry, domestic animals are exposed to many factors that can influence their circadian physiology organization leading to an increase in animals' discomfort. Thermal homeostasis is at the basis of animal wellness, the aim of the present study ... ...

Abstract	During husbandry, domestic animals are exposed to many factors that can influence their circadian physiology organization leading to an increase in animals' discomfort. Thermal homeostasis is at the basis of animal wellness, the aim of the present study was to investigate the daily fluctuation of serum concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in association with the daily fluctuation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and clock gene Per2 in healthy horses housed in individual box, to improve the knowledge on this matter. Seven clinically healthy female Italian Saddle horses (8-10 years old, 510±32 kg), were housed in individual boxes under natural photoperiod and environmental temperature and humidity. Blood samples were collected at 4-h intervals over a 48-h period, for the assessment of T3, T4, UCP1, and clock gene Per2. The application of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on raw data showed a statistically significant effect of time of day on all studied parameters A robust daily rhythm of T3, T4, and Per2 was observed. T3 showed a diurnal rhythm, with the acrophase at about five h after sunrise, T4 acrophase was observed in the middle of the scotophase, Per2 acrophase was observed close to sunrise. In conclusion, we can claim that in horses kept under natural environmental conditions and not subjected to thermal stress, there is a daily rhythm of thyroid hormones associated with a daily rhythm of Per2 expression in the peripheral blood, and UCP1 remained constant during the two days.
Keywords	ambient temperature ; analysis of variance ; blood serum ; circadian rhythm ; females ; genes ; homeostasis ; horses ; humidity ; scotophase ; thermal stress ; thyroxine ; veterinary medicine ; Thermoregulation ; thyroid ; brown adipose tissue ; clock genes ; Equus caballus
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104496
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The housing system influences daily total locomotor activity (TLA) in dairy cows

Arfuso, Francesca / Zumbo, Alessandro / Castronovo, Calogero / Giudice, Elisabetta / Piccione, Giuseppe / Monteverde, Vincenzo / Giannetto, Claudia

Biological Rhythm Research. 2023 Jan. 02, v. 54, no. 1 p.131-139

2023

Abstract: The daily pattern of total locomotor activity (TLA) of cattle kept in different housing conditions was investigated in order to evaluate whether TLA could be used as a useful index of animal welfare. Twenty Modicana cattle were divided into two equal ... ...

Abstract	The daily pattern of total locomotor activity (TLA) of cattle kept in different housing conditions was investigated in order to evaluate whether TLA could be used as a useful index of animal welfare. Twenty Modicana cattle were divided into two equal groups: Group A, housed in a grazing area of 5 hectare, and Group B, housed in a paddock of 200 m². Animals were equipped with activity-monitoring data loggers (Actiwatch-Mini®) to record the daily TLA for 7 days. The trigonometric statistical model, used to describe the rhythmic parameters (mesor, amplitude, acrophase and robustness of rhythm), indicated a diurnal rhythm of TLA in cattle. Animals belonging to Group B showed lower TLA, an anticipation of acrophase (time of activity peak) of TLA, and lower values of Mesor, amplitude and robustness of rhythm compared to Group A (p < 0.05). These results suggest that cattle in the paddock condition showed disturbed physiological characteristics of TLA displaying a flattening in its daily pattern compared to animals kept in the grazing area. This aspect should be taken into consideration of farming management in the planning of housing conditions, which should respect the requirement of locomotor activity and related physiological behaviors of cattle in order to guarantee the animal welfare.
Keywords	animal welfare ; cattle ; circadian rhythm ; locomotion ; pastures ; research ; statistical models ; housing conditions ; livestock ; total locomotor activity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0102
Size	p. 131-139.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1185065-6
ISSN	1744-4179 ; 0929-1016
ISSN (online)	1744-4179
ISSN	0929-1016
DOI	10.1080/09291016.2022.2098447
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Immune and Inflammatory Response in Horse Vaccinated Against Equine Herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) Assessed by Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern and Leukocyte Population.

Giannetto, Claudia / Giudice, Elisabetta / Piccione, Giuseppe / Castronovo, Calogero / Arfuso, Francesca

Journal of equine veterinary science

2022 Volume 116, Page(s) 104051

Abstract: Protection against infectious diseases can be obtained with vaccines generating immunogenic response through a combination of humoral and cellular immunity. In this study haematological and serum protein electrophoretic profiles of horses vaccinated ... ...

Abstract	Protection against infectious diseases can be obtained with vaccines generating immunogenic response through a combination of humoral and cellular immunity. In this study haematological and serum protein electrophoretic profiles of horses vaccinated against herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 16 horses before (T0), after 24h, 48h, 72h, 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week (T1I, T2I, T3I, T7I, T14I and T21I) from the first EHV vaccine-dose administration as well as before (TPRE
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Electrophoresis/veterinary ; Herpesviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary ; Herpesvirus 1, Equid ; Herpesvirus 4, Equid ; Herpesvirus Vaccines ; Horse Diseases/prevention & control ; Horses ; Leukocytes
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Herpesvirus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104051
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Central and Peripheral Fatigue Evaluation during Physical Exercise in Athletic Horses by Means of Raman Spectroscopy.

Acri, Giuseppe / Testagrossa, Barbara / Piccione, Giuseppe / Arfuso, Francesca / Giudice, Elisabetta / Giannetto, Claudia

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 13

Abstract	The evaluation of the performance levels in athletic horses is of major importance to prevent sports injuries. Raman spectroscopy is an innovative technique that allows for a rapid evaluation of biomolecules in biological fluids. It also permits qualitative and quantitative sample analyses, which lead to the simultaneous determination of the components of the examined biological fluids. On the basis of this, the Raman spectroscopy technique was applied on serum samples collected from five Italian Saddle horses subjected to a standardized obstacle course preceded by a warm-up to evaluate the applicability of this technique for the assessment of central and peripheral fatigue in athletic horses. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture in a vacutainer tube with a clot activator before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 min and 1 h after the end of the obstacle course. Observing the obtained Raman spectra, the major changes due to the experimental conditions appeared in the (1300-1360) cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13132201
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Upregulation of miR-21 and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-6 and TNF-α in promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment in canine mammary carcinomas.

Abbate, Jessica Maria / Arfuso, Francesca / Riolo, Kristian / Giudice, Elisabetta / Brunetti, Barbara / Lanteri, Giovanni

Research in veterinary science

2023 Volume 164, Page(s) 105014

Abstract: This study evaluated the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in canine mammary tumors (CMTs), and correlated them with gene expression of miRNAs expected to regulate the ... ...

Abstract	This study evaluated the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in canine mammary tumors (CMTs), and correlated them with gene expression of miRNAs expected to regulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, gene expression of cytokines and miRNAs involved in tumor cell proliferation and invasion (i.e. miR-21; miR-124; miR-145) were correlated with tumor proliferation index (Ki67 index) to determine the prognostic value in CMTs. Twenty-six canine mammary samples were used, including 22 CMTs and 4 control samples. MiR-21, IL-6 and TNF-α were upregulated in mammary carcinomas compared with controls (p < 0.05). MiR-146b was downregulated in CMTs compared with control cases (p < 0.05). IL-6 expression showed a significant positive correlation with miR-21 and a negative correlation with miR-146b; while, TNF-α gene expression was positively correlated with miR-21 and miR-145 in mammary carcinomas. In carcinomas, the Ki67 index correlated positively with gene expression of IL-6 and miR-21 and negatively correlated with miR-145 and miR-146b. Specifically, gene expression of IL-6 and miR-21 was positively correlated with ki67 index >33.3%, whereas, expression of miR-145 and miR-146b was negatively correlated with ki67 index <33.3%. Results reinforce the concept of interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells within the TME, with a central role of IL-6 and TNF-α. Since the upregulation of miR-21 reflects the gene overexpression of interleukins and the high proliferation index of tumor cells, this miRNA may be considered a biomarker with prognostic value in CMTs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Ki-67 Antigen/genetics ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Carcinoma/veterinary ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; Dog Diseases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Ki-67 Antigen ; MicroRNAs ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105014
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Interplay Among the Daily Rhythm of the Thyroid Hormones, Uncoupling Protein 1 and the Clock Gene Per2 in Horses.

Giannetto, Claudia / Arfuso, Francesca / Giudice, Elisabetta / Guercio, Annalisa / Cannella, Vincenza / Monteverde, Vincenzo / Piccione, Giuseppe

Journal of equine veterinary science

2023 Volume 126, Page(s) 104496

Abstract	During husbandry, domestic animals are exposed to many factors that can influence their circadian physiology organization leading to an increase in animals' discomfort. Thermal homeostasis is at the basis of animal wellness, the aim of the present study was to investigate the daily fluctuation of serum concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in association with the daily fluctuation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and clock gene Per2 in healthy horses housed in individual box, to improve the knowledge on this matter. Seven clinically healthy female Italian Saddle horses (8-10 years old, 510 ± 32 kg), were housed in individual boxes under natural photoperiod and environmental temperature and humidity. Blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals over a 48-hour period, for the assessment of T3, T4, UCP1, and clock gene Per2. The application of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on raw data showed a statistically significant effect of time of day on all studied parameters. A robust daily rhythm of T3, T4, and Per2 was observed. T3 showed a diurnal rhythm, with the acrophase at about 5 hours after sunrise, T4 acrophase was observed in the middle of the scotophase, Per2 acrophase was observed close to sunrise. In conclusion, we can claim that in horses kept under natural environmental conditions and not subjected to thermal stress, there is a daily rhythm of thyroid hormones associated with a daily rhythm of Per2 expression in the peripheral blood, and UCP1 remained constant during the two days.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Horses/genetics ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine/metabolism ; Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4) ; Triiodothyronine (06LU7C9H1V) ; Uncoupling Protein 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104496
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Serum C-reactive Protein and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern Correlated With Age in Horses.

Arfuso, Francesca / Piccione, Giuseppe / Guttadauro, Alberto / Monteverde, Vincenzo / Giudice, Elisabetta / Giannetto, Claudia

Journal of equine veterinary science

2023 Volume 126, Page(s) 104561

Abstract	Inflammaging or chronic, low-grade inflammation is a phenomenon characterizing age-related pathologies and natural processes in aging tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the serum levels of C-reactive protein and protein electrophoretic pattern in horses. Thirty Italian Saddle horses from the same horse training center, were enrolled and divided in three equal groups according to their age: Group A (2-4 years), Group B (7-10 years), Group C (15-20 years). Blood samples were collected from each horse to evaluate hematological parameters and the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), total proteins, albumin, α1-, α-2, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins. One-way analysis of variance showed an age-related difference in the concentration of CRP, α1- and α2-globulins (P < 0.001) which increased with aging. Albumin and albumin:globulin ratio showed lower values in Groups B and C than Group A (P < 0.001). Age of horses showed a negative correlation with the values of albumin, and a positive correlation with CRP, α1- and α2-globulins concentration. The results of the current study suggest an increased acute phase response in adult and old horses compared to young ones. As α-globulin fractions include many other acute phase proteins (APPs) in addition to CRP, further studies to assess what other APPs could be involved in chronic inflammation or "inflammaging" are recommended in horse in order to improve knowledge on the key inflammatory biomarkers during aging in this species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Horses ; Blood Proteins/analysis ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Albumins/analysis ; Inflammation/veterinary ; Globulins ; Horse Diseases
Chemical Substances	Blood Proteins ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Albumins ; Globulins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104561
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Article ; Online: Persistence of

Giannetto, Claudia / Arfuso, Francesca / Rizzo, Maria / Giudice, Elisabetta / Calapai, Fabrizio / Guercio, Annalisa / Macaluso, Giusi / Giacchino, Ilenia / Piccione, Giuseppe / Cannella, Vincenza

Chronobiology international

2024 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 369–377

Abstract: Dogs are the common pets adopted by humans, and their circadian behavior and physiology are influenced by human habits. In many families, there is a change of lifestyle with respect to the natural daylight (NDL) cycle. Exposure to constant light disrupts ...

Abstract	Dogs are the common pets adopted by humans, and their circadian behavior and physiology are influenced by human habits. In many families, there is a change of lifestyle with respect to the natural daylight (NDL) cycle. Exposure to constant light disrupts some central and peripheral circadian rhythms. The aim of the present study was to improve the knowledge about the circadian changes of clock components in the peripheral blood in dogs housed under NDL and constant light (LL) conditions. Blood samples were collected on five female Beagle dogs (2 years old, 14 ± 0.5 kg) every 4 hours for a 24-hour period during an NDL (Sunrise 05:05 h - Sunset 20:55 h) and 24-hour period of constant light (LL). Blood samples were stored in a PAX gene Blood RNA Tube, real-time RT-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Photoperiod ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Circadian Clocks/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Gene Expression
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	998996-1
ISSN	1525-6073 ; 0742-0528
ISSN (online)	1525-6073
ISSN	0742-0528
DOI	10.1080/07420528.2024.2315217
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