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Article ; Online: Stress Response to Entrainment Flow Speed near Pump Inlet Fish Screens in Two Model Teleost Species, Anguilla anguilla and Oncorhynchus mykiss

Andrea Miccoli / Antonio De Luca / Jeremy Bricker / Frederik Tijmen Vriese / Roelof Moll / Giuseppe Scapigliati

Fishes, Vol 8, Iss 139, p

2023 Volume 139

Abstract: Fish screens are structures associated with pump stations and power plants, that prevent entrainment of fish, but may also be a source of physiological stress, if placed in locations of strong flow speeds that fish are unable to sustain swimming against ... ...

Abstract	Fish screens are structures associated with pump stations and power plants, that prevent entrainment of fish, but may also be a source of physiological stress, if placed in locations of strong flow speeds that fish are unable to sustain swimming against over time. Herein, the acute response of Anguilla anguilla and Oncorhynchus mykiss to a 30-minute exposure to two water flow regimes was evaluated at the lowest level of the hypothalamus–pituitary–interrenal axis, from blood serum and skin mucus, in a controlled setup presenting a 45° vertically-angled fish screen. Cortisol response was species specific, regardless of the matrix employed. While the flow velocity factor did not describe any variance of eel data, and no statistically significant differences in cortisol concentrations were observed among eel groups, cortisol release in response to flume hydraulics followed a dose-dependent pattern in trout, with a large proportion of the variance described by the model. Mucus cortisol was highly and strongly correlated to serum levels of trout specimens subjected to the strongest flow. Given the established neuromodulatory and molecular roles of cortisol on major fitness-relevant processes, animal welfare implications may be severe, especially considering ever increasing exposure to chronic anthropogenic stressors, resulting in repeated and/or prolonged elevation of circulating glucocorticoids.
Keywords	hydropower ; acute stress ; HPI axis ; cortisol ; fish physiology ; Anguilla anguilla ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Genetics ; QH426-470
Subject code	590 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: State-of-the-Art Vaccine Research for Aquaculture Use

Andrea Miccoli / Matteo Manni / Simona Picchietti / Giuseppe Scapigliati

Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 2, p

The Case of Three Economically Relevant Fish Species

2021 Volume 140

Abstract: In the last three decades, the aquaculture sector has experienced a 527% growth, producing 82 million tons for a first sale value estimated at 250 billion USD. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites are the major causes of ... ...

Abstract	In the last three decades, the aquaculture sector has experienced a 527% growth, producing 82 million tons for a first sale value estimated at 250 billion USD. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites are the major causes of mortality and economic losses in commercial aquaculture. Some pathologies, especially those of bacterial origin, can be treated with commercially available drugs, while others are poorly managed. In fact, despite having been recognized as a useful preventive measure, no effective vaccination against many economically relevant diseases exist yet, such as for viral and parasitic infections. The objective of the present review is to provide the reader with an updated perspective on the most significant and innovative vaccine research on three key aquaculture commodities. European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) were chosen because of their economic relevance, geographical distinctiveness, and representativeness of different culture systems. Scientific papers about vaccines against bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases will be objectively presented; their results critically discussed and compared; and suggestions for future directions given.
Keywords	adjuvants ; aquaculture ; experimental challenge ; fish immunology ; fish welfare ; infectious diseases ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An untargeted metabolomic approach to investigate antiviral defence mechanisms in memory leukocytes secreting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in vitro.

Federica, Gevi / Giuseppina, Fanelli / Veronica, Lelli / Gianpaolo, Zarletti / Massimo, Tiberi / Veronica, De Molfetta / Giuseppe, Scapigliati / Maria, Timperio Anna

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 629

Abstract: Evidence shows that individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 experience an altered metabolic state in multiple organs. Metabolic activities are directly involved in modulating immune responses against infectious diseases, yet our understanding of how host ... ...

Abstract	Evidence shows that individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 experience an altered metabolic state in multiple organs. Metabolic activities are directly involved in modulating immune responses against infectious diseases, yet our understanding of how host metabolism relates to inflammatory responses remains limited. To better elucidate the underlying biochemistry of the leukocyte response, we focused our analysis on possible relationships between SARS-CoV-2 post-infection stages and distinct metabolic pathways. Indeed, we observed a significant altered metabolism of tryptophan and urea cycle pathways in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained 60-90 days after infection and showing in vitro IgG antibody memory for spike-S1 antigen (n = 17). This work, for the first time, identifies metabolic routes in cell metabolism possibly related to later stages of immune defence against SARS-CoV-2 infection, namely, when circulating antibodies may be absent but an antibody memory is present. The results suggest reprogramming of leukocyte metabolism after viral pathogenesis through activation of specific amino acid pathways possibly related to protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunoglobulin G ; Antibodies, Viral ; Leukocytes ; Antiviral Agents
Chemical Substances	Immunoglobulin G ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-26156-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Early Hemocyte Responses upon In Vivo Stimulation with LPS in the Stick Insect Bacillus rossius (Rossi, 1788)

Carlotta Bidoli / Andrea Miccoli / Francesco Buonocore / Anna Maria Fausto / Marco Gerdol / Simona Picchietti / Giuseppe Scapigliati

Insects, Vol 13, Iss 7, p

2022 Volume 645

Abstract: Despite a growing number of non-model insect species is being investigated in recent years, a greater understanding of their physiology is prevented by the lack of genomic resources. This is the case of the common European stick insect Bacillus rossius ( ... ...

Abstract	Despite a growing number of non-model insect species is being investigated in recent years, a greater understanding of their physiology is prevented by the lack of genomic resources. This is the case of the common European stick insect Bacillus rossius (Rossi, 1788): in this species, some knowledge is available on hemocyte-related defenses, but little is known about the physiological changes occurring in response to natural or experimental challenges. Here, the transcriptional signatures of adult B. rossius hemocytes were investigated after a short-term (2 h) LPS stimulation in vivo: a total of 2191 differentially expressed genes, mostly involved in proteolysis and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes, were identified in the de novo assembled transcriptome and in-depth discussed. Overall, the significant modulation of immune signals—such as C-type lectins, ML domain-containing proteins, serpins, as well as Toll signaling-related molecules—provide novel information on the early progression of LPS-induced responses in B. rossius .
Keywords	RNAseq ; insect physiology ; hemocytes ; European stick insect ; protease cascade ; metabolic processes ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Water Oxygen Content Affects Distribution of T and B Lymphocytes in Lymphoid Tissues of Farmed Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax)

Nicla Romano / Giuseppe Scapigliati / Luigi Abelli

Fishes, Vol 2, Iss 3, p

2017 Volume 16

Abstract: Intensive aquaculture systems have stimulated proper management in order to limit stressful stocking conditions and environmental impact. This should improve fish wellness and counteract adverse water characteristics such as high concentrations of carbon. ...

Abstract	Intensive aquaculture systems have stimulated proper management in order to limit stressful stocking conditions and environmental impact. This should improve fish wellness and counteract adverse water characteristics such as high concentrations of carbon. The oxygen can be considered a key factor since critical conditions leading to chronic rise of blood catecholamines can depress the number and Oxygen-carrying capacity of erythrocytes. In this research, we evaluated the effects of variation in water oxygen (from 6 ± 1 to 13 ± 1 mg/L) on lymphocytes density in sea bass by using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Gut, gill, and thymus T-cells were significantly enhanced in percentage in hyperoxygenated fish compared with normo-oxygenated group, while Peripheral Blood Leukocytes (PBL), head kidney, and spleen T-cells were not significantly different. Contrarily, in PBL, head kidney and spleen hyper-oxygenation treatment provoked an enhancement of B lymphocyte percentages. The distribution of positive T-cells in hyper-oxygenated fish varied in the organs and followed the relative increments/decrements observed in flow cytometry. This study remarks the sensitivity of sea bass adaptive immunocytes to oxygen concentration, evidenced by the modification of parameters. Sea bass culture under high-flow water recycling and at around 12–13 mg/L oxygen concentrations is therefore suggested to enhance the immune response capacity.
Keywords	sea bass ; hyper-oxygenation ; aquaculture ; immune system of fish ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Genetics ; QH426-470
Subject code	333 ; 551
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Lack of in vivo cross-protection of two different betanodavirus species RGNNV and SJNNV in European sea bass Dicentrachus labrax

Pascoli, Francesco / Andrea Guazzo / Alessandra Buratin / Marica Toson / Francesco Buonocore / Giuseppe Scapigliati / Anna Toffan

Fish & shellfish immunology. 2019 Feb., v. 85

2019

Abstract: Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is a severe infective disease characterized by neuropathological changes in several fish species associated with high mortality. The etiological agent is a virus belonging to the Nodaviridae family, genus ... ...

Abstract	Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is a severe infective disease characterized by neuropathological changes in several fish species associated with high mortality. The etiological agent is a virus belonging to the Nodaviridae family, genus Betanodavirus. To date, four different betanodavirus species have been officially recognized by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), namely the red-spotted grouper- (RGNNV), the striped jack- (SJNNV), the barfin flounder- (BFNNV) and the tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV). Moreover, two reassortants RGNNV/SJNNV and SJNNV/RGNNV have been described.Betanodaviruses can be classified into three different serotypes (A, B and C) that are antigenically different, so none (between serotype A and C) or partial (between serotype B and C) cross-immunoreactivity has been detected in vitro.In this study we investigated the in vivo cross-protection of the two main betanodavirus species (RGNNV and SJNNV), which belong to distinct serotype, by immunizing intraperitoneally (IP) juvenile sea bass with formalin inactivated RGNNV and SJNNV vaccines, followed by a challenge with RGNNV.Fish IP vaccinated with inactivated RGNNV showed a high protection value (85%). Serological analyses highlighted a great specific anti-NNV immunoglobulin M (IgM) production against the homologous virus, while a good seroconversion with low neutralization property was highlighted against the heterologous virus. In fish IP vaccinated with inactivated SJNNV the protection recorded was equal to 25%, significantly lower respect to the one provided by RGNNV IP vaccine. ELISA test detected good IgM production against the homologous virus, and a lower, but still detectable IgM production against the heterologous one. By contrast, serum neutralization test highlighted a poorly detectable antibody production unable to neutralize either the homologous or the heterologous virus.These results confirm that the two serotypes are not cross-protective in vivo. According to these findings, the production of multivalent formulation, or at least the provision of different types of vaccines based on both fish and virus species requirement, should be recommended in order to broaden the range of protection.
Keywords	Dicentrarchus labrax ; Tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus ; antibody formation ; bass ; blood serum ; cross immunity ; encephalopathy ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; etiological agents ; formalin ; immunoglobulin M ; juveniles ; mortality ; neutralization ; neutralization tests ; retinal diseases ; seroconversion ; serotypes ; taxonomy ; vaccines ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-02
Size	p. 85-89.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1067738-0
ISSN	1095-9947 ; 1050-4648
ISSN (online)	1095-9947
ISSN	1050-4648
DOI	10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.033
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Cell-Based ELISA to Improve the Serological Analysis of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG

Gianpaolo Zarletti / Massimo Tiberi / Veronica De Molfetta / Maurizio Bossù / Elisa Toppi / Paola Bossù / Giuseppe Scapigliati

Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 1274, p

2020 Volume 1274

Abstract: Knowledge of the antibody-mediated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to understand virus immunogenicity, establish seroprevalence, and determine whether subjects or recovered patients are at risk for infection/reinfection and would therefore ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge of the antibody-mediated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to understand virus immunogenicity, establish seroprevalence, and determine whether subjects or recovered patients are at risk for infection/reinfection and would therefore benefit from vaccination. Here, we describe a novel and simple cell-ELISA specifically designed to measure viral spike S1-specific IgG produced in vitro by B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from a cohort of 45 asymptomatic ( n = 24) and symptomatic ( n = 21) individuals, with age ranging from 8 to 99 years. All subjects underwent ELISA serological screening twice, at the same time as the cell-ELISA (T2) as well as 35–60 days earlier (T1). Cryopreserved PBMCs of healthy donors obtained years before the COVID-19 pandemic were also included in the analysis. The preliminary results presented here show that out of 45 tested subjects, 16 individuals (35.5%) were positive to the cell-ELISA, 11 (24.5%) were concomitantly positive in the serological screening (T1 and/or T2), and only one person was exclusively positive in ELISA (T1) and negative in cell-ELISA, though values were close to the cutoff. Of note, five individuals (11.2%) tested negative in ELISA but positive in cell-ELISA and thus, they appear to have circulating B cells that produce antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, likely at levels that are undetectable in the serum, which challenges the negative results of the serological screening. The relative level of in vitro secreted IgG was measurable in positive subjects, ranging from 7 to 50 ng/well. Accordingly, all anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive subjects previously reported moderate to severe symptoms attributable to COVID-19, even though the RT-PCR data were rarely available to confirm viral infection. Overall, the described cell-ELISA might be an effective method for detecting subjects who encountered the virus in the past, and thus helpful to improve serological ELISA tests in the case of undetectable/equivocal circulating IgG levels, and a suitable and improved tool to better evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; in vitro IgG ; B cell memory ; cell-ELISA ; spike S1 protein ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; covid19
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Analysis and characterization of the head kidney transcriptome from the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii (Teleostea, Notothenioidea): A source for immune relevant genes

Gerdol, Marco / Alberto Pallavicini / Francesco Buonocore / Giuseppe Scapigliati

Marine genomics. 2015 Apr., v. 20

2015

Abstract: In this study we describe the de novo assembled head kidney transcriptome of the Antarctic notothenioid fish Trematomus bernacchii, an important model species for biochemical, environmental and immunological studies. RNA-seq data was generated using ... ...

Abstract	In this study we describe the de novo assembled head kidney transcriptome of the Antarctic notothenioid fish Trematomus bernacchii, an important model species for biochemical, environmental and immunological studies. RNA-seq data was generated using Illumina paired-end sequencing, obtaining ~7Gbp of sequence data, which were assembled into 96,641 contigs and annotated with the Trinotate pipeline. Since this sequence collection is expected to contain a relevant number of immunity-related transcripts, it will be used as a reference for future immunological studies in this species.
Keywords	fish ; genes ; kidneys ; messenger RNA ; sequence analysis ; transcriptome ; Trematomus bernacchii ; Antarctic region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-04
Size	p. 13-15.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2429626-0
ISSN	1876-7478 ; 1874-7787
ISSN (online)	1876-7478
ISSN	1874-7787
DOI	10.1016/j.margen.2014.12.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Molecular and Structural Characterization of MHC Class II β Genes Reveals High Diversity in the Cold-Adapted Icefish Chionodraco hamatus

Marco Gerdol / Daniela Lucente / Francesco Buonocore / Elia Poerio / Giuseppe Scapigliati / Simonetta Mattiucci / Alberto Pallavicini / Roberta Cimmaruta

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract This study reports the presence of two distinct MHC class II β genes in the Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus, belonging to the classical (ChhaDAB) and nonclassical (ChhaDBB) evolutionary lineages. By the application of targeted sequencing ... ...

Abstract	Abstract This study reports the presence of two distinct MHC class II β genes in the Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus, belonging to the classical (ChhaDAB) and nonclassical (ChhaDBB) evolutionary lineages. By the application of targeted sequencing approach, a remarkable molecular diversity in the exon 2 sequence of the highly expressed gene ChhaDAB has been observed, resulting in an estimate of 92 different variants translated in 87 different peptides from 54 analysed icefish individuals. A highly conservative estimate, based on a 95% sequence identity threshold clustering, translate this variability in 41 different peptide clusters belonging to four different clades and showing the signature of different kinds of selection. In stark contrast, the poorly expressed ChhaDBB gene displayed a very low level of molecular diversity within exon 2, in agreement with expectations for a nonclassical MHC class II β gene.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular, Cellular and Functional Analysis of TRγ Chain Along the European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax Development

Andrea Miccoli / Laura Guerra / Valeria Pianese / Paolo Roberto Saraceni / Francesco Buonocore / Anna Rita Taddei / Ana Couto / Tania De Wolf / Anna Maria Fausto / Giuseppe Scapigliati / Simona Picchietti

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 3376, p

2021 Volume 3376

Abstract: In jawed vertebrates, adaptive immune responses are enabled by T cells. Two lineages were characterized based on their T cell receptor (TcR) heterodimers, namely αβ or γδ peptide chains, which display an Ig domain-type sequence that is somatically ... ...

Abstract	In jawed vertebrates, adaptive immune responses are enabled by T cells. Two lineages were characterized based on their T cell receptor (TcR) heterodimers, namely αβ or γδ peptide chains, which display an Ig domain-type sequence that is somatically rearranged. γδ T cells have been less extensively characterized than αβ and teleost fish, in particular, suffer from a severe scarcity of data. In this paper, we worked on the well-known model, the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, to broaden the understanding of teleost γδ-T cells. The T cell receptor chain (TR) γ transcript was expressed at a later developmental stage than TRβ, suggesting a layered appearance of fish immune cells, and the thymus displayed statistically-significant higher mRNA levels than any other organ or lymphoid tissue investigated. The polyclonal antibody developed against the TRγ allowed the localization of TRγ-expressing cells in lymphoid organs along the ontogeny. Cell positivity was investigated through flow cytometry and the highest percentage was found in peripheral blood leukocytes, followed by thymus, gut, gills, spleen and head kidney. Numerous TRγ-expressing cells were localized in the gut mucosa, and the immunogold labelling revealed ultrastructural features that are typical of T cells. At last, microalgae-based diet formulations significantly modulated the abundance of TRγ + cells in the posterior intestine, hinting at a putative involvement in nutritional immunity. From a comparative immunological perspective, our results contribute to the comprehension of the diversity and functionalities of γδ T cells during the development of a commercially relevant marine teleost model.
Keywords	T cell receptor chain gamma ; immune system ; ontogeny ; intestine ; nutritional immunity ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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