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  1. Article ; Online: The IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Allergic and Immune-Mediated Diseases

    Giuseppe Murdaca / Sebastiano Gangemi / Monica Greco

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9227, p

    2023  Volume 9227

    Abstract: Interleukin 31 (IL-31) belongs to the IL-6 superfamily [.] ...

    Abstract Interleukin 31 (IL-31) belongs to the IL-6 superfamily [.]
    Keywords n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The Role of Alarmins in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis

    Antonino Palumbo / Fabiola Atzeni / Giuseppe Murdaca / Sebastiano Gangemi

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 12143, p

    HMGB1, S100B and IL-33

    2023  Volume 12143

    Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease in which genetics, aging, obesity, and trauma are well-known risk factors. It is the most prevalent joint disease and the largest disability problem worldwide. Recent findings have described the role of ... ...

    Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease in which genetics, aging, obesity, and trauma are well-known risk factors. It is the most prevalent joint disease and the largest disability problem worldwide. Recent findings have described the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the course of the disease. In particular, alarmins such as HMGB1, IL-33, and S100B, appear implicated in enhancing articular inflammation and favouring a catabolic switch in OA chondrocytes. The aims of this review are to clarify the molecular signalling of these three molecules in OA pathogenesis, to identify their possible use as staging biomarkers, and, most importantly, to find out whether they could be possible therapeutic targets. Osteoarthritic cartilage expresses increased levels of all three alarmins. HMGB1, in particular, is the most studied alarmin with increased levels in cartilage, synovium, and synovial fluid of OA patients. High levels of HMGB1 in synovial fluid of OA joints are positively correlated with radiological and clinical severity. Counteracting HMGB1 strategies have revealed improving results in articular cells from OA patients and in OA animal models. Therefore, drugs against this alarmin, such as anti-HMGB1 antibodies, could be new treatment possibilities that can modify the disease course since available medications only alleviate symptoms.
    Keywords osteoarthritis ; alarmins ; DAMPs ; cytokines ; HMGB1 ; S100B ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Alarmins and MicroRNAs, a New Axis in the Genesis of Respiratory Diseases

    Alessandro Allegra / Giuseppe Murdaca / Luca Gammeri / Roberta Ettari / Sebastiano Gangemi

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 1783, p

    Possible Therapeutic Implications

    2023  Volume 1783

    Abstract: It is well ascertained that airway inflammation has a key role in the genesis of numerous respiratory pathologies, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary tissue inflammation and anti- ... ...

    Abstract It is well ascertained that airway inflammation has a key role in the genesis of numerous respiratory pathologies, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary tissue inflammation and anti-inflammatory responses implicate an intricate relationship between local and infiltrating immune cells and structural pulmonary cells. Alarmins are endogenic proteins discharged after cell injury in the extracellular microenvironment. The purpose of our review is to highlight the alterations in respiratory diseases involving some alarmins, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin (IL)-33, and their inter-relationships and relationships with genetic non-coding material, such as microRNAs. The role played by these alarmins in some pathophysiological processes confirms the existence of an axis composed of HMGB1 and IL-33. These alarmins have been implicated in ferroptosis, the onset of type 2 inflammation and airway alterations. Moreover, both factors can act on non-coding genetic material capable of modifying respiratory function. Finally, we present an outline of alarmins and RNA-based therapeutics that have been proposed to treat respiratory pathologies.
    Keywords respiratory diseases ; alarmins ; high mobility group box 1 ; interleukin-33 ; microRNAs ; immune response ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Role of Vitamin D in the Clinical Course of Nasal Polyposis

    Giuseppe Murdaca / Francesca Paladin / Sebastiano Gangemi

    Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 855, p

    2021  Volume 855

    Abstract: Vitamin D is a lipo-soluble hormone well known for its effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Recently, there has been growing interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. In particular, recent studies have highlighted how vitamin D ... ...

    Abstract Vitamin D is a lipo-soluble hormone well known for its effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Recently, there has been growing interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. In particular, recent studies have highlighted how vitamin D plays a fundamental role in immunomodulation processes in the context of both innate and adaptive immunity, with consequent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect in different immune-mediated pathologies, such as systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis; as well as in various pro-inflammatory processes affecting the airways, including chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyposis. We analyze the role of vitamin D in the genesis and progression of CRSwNP/sNP and its supplementation as a safe and valid therapeutic strategy capable of improving the clinical outcome of standard therapies.
    Keywords vitamin D ; chronic rhinosinusitis ; nasal polyposis ; biologics ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: IL-33 and the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

    Fabiana Furci / Giuseppe Murdaca / Alessandro Allegra / Luca Gammeri / Gianenrico Senna / Sebastiano Gangemi

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 14532, p

    From a Potential Immunological Relationship towards Precision Medicine

    2022  Volume 14532

    Abstract: Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has represented, and still represents, a real challenge from a clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. During acute infection, the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the pathology of ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has represented, and still represents, a real challenge from a clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. During acute infection, the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the pathology of disease and the development of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory disease syndrome, the life-threatening form of this infection, are correlated with patient survival and disease severity. IL-33, a key cytokine involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs, can increase airway inflammation, mucus secretion and Th2 cytokine synthesis in the lungs, following respiratory infections. Similar to cases of exposure to known respiratory virus infections, exposure to SARS-CoV-2 induces the expression of IL-33, correlating with T-cell activation and lung disease severity. In this work, we analyse current evidence regarding the immunological role of IL-33 in patients affected by COVID-19, to evaluate not only the clinical impact correlated to its production but also to identify possible future immunological therapies that can block the most expressed inflammatory molecules, preventing worsening of the disease and saving patient lives.
    Keywords IL-33 ; COVID-19 ; cytokine storm ; inflammation ; therapeutic strategies ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: The Potential Role of Cytokine Storm Pathway in the Clinical Course of Viral Respiratory Pandemic

    Giuseppe Murdaca / Francesca Paladin / Alessandro Tonacci / Stefania Isola / Alessandro Allegra / Sebastiano Gangemi

    Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1688, p

    2021  Volume 1688

    Abstract: The “cytokine storm” (CS) consists of a spectrum of different immune dysregulation disorders characterized by constitutional symptoms, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction triggered by an uncontrolled immune response. Particularly in ... ...

    Abstract The “cytokine storm” (CS) consists of a spectrum of different immune dysregulation disorders characterized by constitutional symptoms, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction triggered by an uncontrolled immune response. Particularly in respiratory virus infections, the cytokine storm plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease and the clinical outcome of respiratory diseases, leading to complications such as alveolar edema and hypoxia. In this review, we wanted to analyze the different pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the various respiratory viral pandemics (COVID-19; SARS; MERS; H1N1 influenza A and Spanish flu) which have affected humans in this and last century, with particular attention to the phenomenon of the “cytokine storm” which determines the clinical severity of the respiratory disease and consequently its lethality.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS ; MERS ; Spanish flu ; H1N1 ; cytokine storm ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Vitamin D and Microbiota

    Giuseppe Murdaca / Alessandra Gerosa / Francesca Paladin / Lorena Petrocchi / Sara Banchero / Sebastiano Gangemi

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4288, p

    Is There a Link with Allergies?

    2021  Volume 4288

    Abstract: There is increasing recognition of the importance of both the microbiome and vitamin D in states of health and disease. Microbiome studies have already demonstrated unique microbial patterns in systemic autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing recognition of the importance of both the microbiome and vitamin D in states of health and disease. Microbiome studies have already demonstrated unique microbial patterns in systemic autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Dysbiosis also seems to be associated with allergies, in particular asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Even though the effect of vitamin D supplementation on these pathologies is still unknown, vitamin D deficiency deeply influences the microbiome by altering the microbiome composition and the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier. It also influences the immune system mainly through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this review, we summarize the influence of the microbiome and vitamin D on the immune system with a particular focus on allergic diseases and we discuss the necessity of further studies on the use of probiotics and of a correct intake of vitamin D.
    Keywords vitamin D ; microbiota ; immune system ; allergies ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Flu and Pneumococcal Vaccine Coverage in Scleroderma Patients Still Need to Be Prompted

    Francesca Rosamilia / Giovanni Noberasco / Dario Olobardi / Andrea Orsi / Giancarlo Icardi / Francesca Lantieri / Giuseppe Murdaca

    Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1330, p

    A Systematic Review

    2021  Volume 1330

    Abstract: Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by excessive production of collagen and multiorgan involvement. Scleroderma patients are at increased risk of influenza complications and pneumonia; thus, ... ...

    Abstract Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by excessive production of collagen and multiorgan involvement. Scleroderma patients are at increased risk of influenza complications and pneumonia; thus, vaccinations are recommended. This systematic review evaluated the influenza and pneumococcus vaccination coverage for SSc patients. We included all studies from Pubmed reporting on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rate in Scleroderma patients up to May 2021. The 14 studies thus selected identified a suboptimal vaccination rate in autoimmune and SSc patients, ranging from 28 to 59% for the flu vaccine, and from 11 to 58% for the pneumo vaccine in absence of specific vaccination campaigns, variously considering also other variables such as age, gender, vaccination settings, and possible vaccination campaigns. We also considered the reasons for low coverage and the approaches that might increase the vaccination rates. A lack of knowledge about the importance of vaccination in these patients and their doctors underlined the need to increase the awareness for vaccination in this patients’ category. Current guidelines recommend vaccination in elderly people and people affected by particular conditions that widely overlap with SSc, yet autoimmune diseases are not always clearly mentioned. Improving this suboptimal vaccination rate with clear guidelines is crucial for SSc patients and for clinicians to immunize these categories based principally on the pathology, prior to the age. Recommendations by the immunologist and the direct link to the vaccine providers can highly improve the vaccine coverage.
    Keywords systemic sclerosis ; scleroderma ; coverage ; pneumonia ; influenza ; systematic review ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Vitamin D and Folate as Predictors of MMSE in Alzheimer’s Disease

    Giuseppe Murdaca / Sara Banchero / Alessandro Tonacci / Alessio Nencioni / Fiammetta Monacelli / Sebastiano Gangemi

    Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 940, p

    A Machine Learning Analysis

    2021  Volume 940

    Abstract: Vitamin D (VD) and micronutrients, including folic acid, are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Low VD and folic acid levels appear to promote cognitive decline as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A machine learning approach ... ...

    Abstract Vitamin D (VD) and micronutrients, including folic acid, are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. Low VD and folic acid levels appear to promote cognitive decline as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A machine learning approach was applied to analyze the impact of various compounds, drawn from the blood of AD patients, including VD and folic acid levels, on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) in a cohort of 108 patients with AD. The first analysis was aimed at predicting the MMSE at recruitment, whereas a second investigation sought to predict the MMSE after a 4 year follow-up. The simultaneous presence of low levels of VD and folic acid allow to predict MMSE, suggestive of poorer cognitive function. Such results suggest that the low levels of VD and folic acid could be associated with more severe cases of cognitive impairment in AD. It could be hypothesized that simultaneous supplementation of VD and folic acid could slow down the progression of cerebral degeneration at least in a subset of AD individuals.
    Keywords Alzheimer’s disease ; biomarkers ; folate ; machine learning ; Vitamin D ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Involvement of Il-33 in the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Major Respiratory Viral Infections

    Giuseppe Murdaca / Francesca Paladin / Alessandro Tonacci / Matteo Borro / Monica Greco / Alessandra Gerosa / Stefania Isola / Alessandro Allegra / Sebastiano Gangemi

    Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 715, p

    Future Perspectives for Personalized Therapy

    2022  Volume 715

    Abstract: Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type-2 immunity and allergic airway disease. At the level of lung epithelial cells, where it is clearly expressed, IL-33 plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal ... ...

    Abstract Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type-2 immunity and allergic airway disease. At the level of lung epithelial cells, where it is clearly expressed, IL-33 plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. It has been widely demonstrated that in the course of respiratory virus infections, the release of IL-33 increases, with consequent pro-inflammatory effects and consequent exacerbation of the clinical symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases. In our work, we analyzed the pathogenetic and prognostic involvement of IL-33 during the main respiratory viral infections, with particular interest in the recent SARS-CoV-2virus pandemic and the aim of determining a possible connection point on which to act with a targeted therapy that is able to improve the clinical outcome of patients.
    Keywords IL-33 ; chronic lung diseases ; respiratory viral infection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; biological drugs ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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