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  1. AU="Glare, T.R."
  2. AU="Dubose, Thomas D"
  3. AU="Hirano, Toru"
  4. AU="Kong, Rebekah"
  5. AU="Karen de Jager"
  6. AU=Peters A
  7. AU="Xiaofang Li"
  8. AU="Campbell, John D"
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  18. AU="Maillet, Jean-Michel"
  19. AU="Enlong Liu"
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  1. Article ; Online: How hindgut microbiota may shape sympatric speciation in an invasive phytophagous scarab

    Lefort, M. C. / Glare, T. R. / Bouchon, D. / Boyer, S.

    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 2023 Aug., v. 171, no. 8 p.556-563

    2023  

    Abstract: Following the introduction of new host plants, rapid evolutionary changes in invasive phytophagous insects can sometimes result in sympatric speciation. The underlying processes and facilitation factors are still to be investigated in detail. The role of ...

    Abstract Following the introduction of new host plants, rapid evolutionary changes in invasive phytophagous insects can sometimes result in sympatric speciation. The underlying processes and facilitation factors are still to be investigated in detail. The role of hindgut microbiota is one of these factors. In this paper, we examined the differences in the gut microbiota of two species of Costelytra scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae), one non‐invasive [Costelytra brunneum (Broun)] and one invasive (Costelytra giveni Coca‐Abia & Romero‐Samper), for which several ecotypes were analysed. In terms of bacterial assemblages, we found significant variation between the invasive and the non‐invasive species. Three main groups of bacteria contributed to these differences, namely Oxalobacteracea, Rhizobiales, and Porphyromonadacea, with the last two potentially providing advantages in the exploitation of a new host plant. Among these bacteria, Porphyromonadacea were systematically present in high proportion in the gut of the invasive species C. giveni. The occurrence of these bacteria might have contributed to the initial capability of this insect to feed and benefit from newly introduced host plants. Furthermore, this study also revealed significant differences in the gut bacterial communities of four C. giveni ecotypes, supporting the hypothesis that part of the gut microbiota in this invasive phytophagous insect is likely to have been acquired horizontally from the newly exploited niche.
    Keywords Costelytra ; Rhizobiales ; ecotypes ; hindgut ; host plants ; intestinal microorganisms ; invasive species ; phytophagous insects ; sympatric speciation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-08
    Size p. 556-563.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 216272-6
    ISSN 0013-8703
    ISSN 0013-8703
    DOI 10.1111/eea.13305
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    Z 1216: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: A nonconventional two-stage fermentation system for the production of aerial conidia of entomopathogenic fungi utilizing surface tension.

    Lopes, R B / Faria, M / Glare, T R

    Journal of applied microbiology

    2018  Volume 126, Issue 1, Page(s) 155–164

    Abstract: Aim: To describe a new approach in which production of conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus takes place on the surface of an unstirred shallow liquid culture kept in nonabsorbent wells distributed in plastic sheets resembling a honeycomb.: Methods ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To describe a new approach in which production of conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus takes place on the surface of an unstirred shallow liquid culture kept in nonabsorbent wells distributed in plastic sheets resembling a honeycomb.
    Methods and results: First, liquid incubation time and medium composition for production of Beauveria bassiana aerial conidia were optimized. Wells inoculated with Sabouraud dextrose yeast extract produced 2·2 × 10
    Conclusions: The two-stage fermentation process here described, based on a simple nonabsorbent inert support, has potential for the application in the production of aerial conidia of B. bassiana and other fungi.
    Significance and impact of the study: Aerial conidia are the most extensive propagule type used in commercial mycopesticides, traditionally produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The industrial applications and other important benefits of the two-stage fermentation process here described may overcome some hurdles inherent to SSF aiming for the production of aerial conidia. Additionally, production consistency is increased by the use of chemically defined medium, and the better control of the environmental conditions could allow for more reproducible industrial batches.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Beauveria/chemistry ; Beauveria/growth & development ; Beauveria/metabolism ; Culture Media/chemistry ; Culture Media/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology/instrumentation ; Industrial Microbiology/methods ; Larva/microbiology ; Spores, Fungal/chemistry ; Spores, Fungal/growth & development ; Spores, Fungal/metabolism ; Surface Tension ; Tenebrio/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Culture Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/jam.14137
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  3. Article ; Online: Effects of temperature, light and incubation period on production, germination and bioactivity of Trichoderma atroviride.

    Daryaei, A / Jones, E E / Ghazalibiglar, H / Glare, T R / Falloon, R E

    Journal of applied microbiology

    2016  Volume 120, Issue 4, Page(s) 999–1009

    Abstract: Aims: The goal was to determine the effect of temperature, light and incubation period on production, germination and bioactivity of Trichoderma atroviride LU132 against Rhizoctonia solani.: Methods and results: The incubation temperatures of 20, 25 ... ...

    Abstract Aims: The goal was to determine the effect of temperature, light and incubation period on production, germination and bioactivity of Trichoderma atroviride LU132 against Rhizoctonia solani.
    Methods and results: The incubation temperatures of 20, 25 or 30°C were assessed on the production of T. atroviride conidia under constant light over a 25 and 50 days periods. The resulting conidia were also studied for germination and bioactivity. Conidium production was maximum at 25°C after 20 days. The second peak of conidium production occurred at 45-50 days. Incubation at 25°C after 15 days showed optimum production of T. atroviride LU132. Conidia produced at 30°C gave the greatest germination and bioactivity in comparison with incubation at 20 or 25°C.
    Conclusion: This study indicates that the temperature at which conidia of T. atroviride are produced affects germination and bioactivity. Formulations based on production of the high conidia yield may not result in optimal bioactivity and there is a trade-off between quantity and quality of T. atroviride LU132 conidia. Conidium production was shown to be a continuous process, and increased under a dark/light regime. This is the first report of bimodal conidium production in a Trichoderma biological control agent (BCA), which is likely to be on 20 days cycle, and is dependent on colony age rather than abiotic factors. Conidia produced after 15 days are likely to be the most suitable for use in commercial production of this strain as a BCA.
    Significance and impact of the study: Most studies on Trichoderma-based BCA have only shown the effect of culture conditions on the high conidia yield regardless of conidium quality. This study is the first report on conidium quality affected by principal culture conditions for Trichoderma biological control formulations.
    MeSH term(s) Germination ; Light ; Rhizoctonia ; Spores, Fungal/growth & development ; Spores, Fungal/physiology ; Spores, Fungal/radiation effects ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trichoderma/growth & development ; Trichoderma/physiology ; Trichoderma/radiation effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/jam.13076
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  4. Article ; Online: Culturing conditions affect biological control activity of Trichoderma atroviride against Rhizoctonia solani in ryegrass.

    Daryaei, A / Jones, E E / Ghazalibiglar, H / Glare, T R / Falloon, R E

    Journal of applied microbiology

    2016  Volume 121, Issue 2, Page(s) 461–472

    Abstract: Aims: Effects of culture conditions on productivity, germinability and bioactivity of Trichoderma atroviride LU132 conidia were assessed to identify the factors affecting conidium 'fitness' (quantity and quality) and to withstand variable environmental ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Effects of culture conditions on productivity, germinability and bioactivity of Trichoderma atroviride LU132 conidia were assessed to identify the factors affecting conidium 'fitness' (quantity and quality) and to withstand variable environmental conditions, increase conidial productivity, and perform optimum bioactivity.
    Methods and results: The interaction effects of temperatures (20 or 30°C) vs hydrocarbon types (dextrose or sucrose in constant C : N 5 : 1) were assessed for bioactivity and colonization potential in pot experiments with ryegrass in the presence of pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. Trichoderma atroviride produced in different culture conditions increased some growth parameters of ryegrass plant and also reduced the pathogenicity effects of R. solani. For example, Trichoderma colony produced at 20°C with sucrose increased all plant growth parameters and conidia produced at 20°C with dextrose gave the greatest bioactivity.
    Conclusion: The bimodal population cycle in T. atroviride recurred in pot experiments in a manner similar to that previously observed in agar plates but indicating that simulated natural conditions shortened the Trichoderma life cycle. Trichoderma colonized ryegrass root system and symbiotically interacted with ryegrass and greater ryegrass colonization resulted from medium production treatment with dextrose rather than sucrose.
    Significance and impact of the study: This study is the first report on the effects of inoculum production conditions on conidium quality of Trichoderma to colonize and to maintain populations in host rhizospheres, and also the ability to promote plant growth and suppress a soil-borne disease. The results of these experiments provide new knowledge on how manipulation of culture conditions of T. atroviride LU132 can influence conidium fitness, as a basis for optimizing commercial production of the fungus as a biological control agent.
    MeSH term(s) Culture Media/chemistry ; Culture Media/metabolism ; Lolium/growth & development ; Lolium/microbiology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Rhizoctonia/growth & development ; Rhizoctonia/metabolism ; Spores, Fungal/growth & development ; Spores, Fungal/metabolism ; Temperature ; Trichoderma/growth & development ; Trichoderma/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Culture Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/jam.13163
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  5. Article: Biotechnological potential of entomopathogenic fungi

    Glare, T.R

    Mycology series. 2004, v. 21

    2004  

    Keywords plant pests ; insect pests ; insect control ; biological control ; entomopathogenic fungi ; biotechnology ; biopesticides ; molecular genetics ; risk assessment
    Language English
    Size p. 79-90.
    Document type Article
    Note In the series analytic: Fungal biotechnology in agricultural, food, and environmental applications \ edited by D.K. Arora.
    ISSN 0730-9597
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Stage-dependent synergism using Metarhizium anisopliae and Serratia entomophila against Costelytra zealandica

    Glare, T.R

    Biocontrol science and technology. 1994. v. 4 (3)

    1994  

    Abstract: Larvae of the New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) were treated with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, and the bacterium, Serratia entomophila, singly and in combination. The mortality of second instar larvae up to 41 days in ...

    Abstract Larvae of the New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) were treated with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, and the bacterium, Serratia entomophila, singly and in combination. The mortality of second instar larvae up to 41 days in treatments with both pathogens together was significantly greater than the additive mortalities of single pathogen treatments, and therefore synergistic. Treatment of third instar larvae with both pathogens did not increase mortality compared with the fungus alone. Second instar larvae were more resistant ro M. anisopliae than third instar larvae. S. entomophila causes a chronic disease and bacterial treatments alone resulted in disease, but little mortality for either instar within 5 weeks. In both fungus alone and fungus/bacteria treatments, less than half the cadavers supported fungal sporulation. The use of a dual pathogen system for control of grass grub larvae is discussed.
    Keywords entomopathogenic fungi ; entomopathogenic bacteria ; mixtures ; biological control agents ; insect control
    Language English
    Size p. 321-329.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1084478-8
    ISSN 0958-3157
    ISSN 0958-3157
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5910: Show issues

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  7. Article: Identification of novel genes associated with conidiation in Beauveria bassiana with suppression subtractive hybridization

    Wu, J / Ridgway, H.J / Carpenter, M.A / Glare, T.R

    Mycologia. 2008 Jan-Feb, v. 100, no. 1

    2008  

    Keywords Beauveria bassiana ; entomopathogenic fungi ; conidia ; complementary DNA ; sequence analysis ; Northern blotting ; nucleotide sequences ; amino acid sequences
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2008-01
    Size p. 20-30.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 281335-x
    ISSN 1557-2536 ; 0027-5514
    ISSN (online) 1557-2536
    ISSN 0027-5514
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    Z 49/77: Show issues
    Z 2007/706: Show issues

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  8. Article: Fungal pathogens of scarabs

    Glare, T.R

    Use of pathogens in scarab pest management / edited by Trevor A. Jackson and Travis R. Glare.

    1992  

    Keywords Scarabaeidae ; biological control ; fungal diseases of plants
    Language English
    Size p. 63-77.
    Publisher Intercept, 1992.
    Publishing place Hampshire, England
    Document type Article
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  9. Article: Further electron microscopic evidence of inapparent viral infections in the midgut of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica White (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

    Glare, T.R

    Journal of invertebrate pathology. Mar 1992. v. 59 (2)

    1992  

    Keywords pastures ; Costelytra zealandica ; biological control ; electron microscopy ; insect viruses ; midgut ; New Zealand
    Language English
    Dates of publication 1992-03
    Size p. 206-209., ill.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 390885-9
    ISSN 1096-0805 ; 0022-2011
    ISSN (online) 1096-0805
    ISSN 0022-2011
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  10. Article: Genes Essential for Amber Disease in Grass Grubs Are Located on the Large Plasmid Found in Serratia entomophila and Serratia proteamaculans.

    Grkovic, S / Glare, T R / Jackson, T A / Corbett, G E

    Applied and environmental microbiology

    2006  Volume 61, Issue 6, Page(s) 2218–2223

    Abstract: The bacteria Serratia entomophila and S. proteamaculans cause amber disease in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Disease symptoms include rapid cessation of feeding and amber ... ...

    Abstract The bacteria Serratia entomophila and S. proteamaculans cause amber disease in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Disease symptoms include rapid cessation of feeding and amber coloration of larvae. A 105-kb plasmid (designated pADAP) has consistently been found only in pathogenic isolates of both species. Investigations into the involvement of pADAP in amber disease have been hindered by the lack of both a selectable marker on the plasmid and a reliable transposon delivery system. Kanamycin-resistant transposon insertions into three cloned HindIII fragments (9.5, 9.6, and 10.6 kb) were isolated and introduced into pADAP by shuttle mutagenesis. Inserts into the 9.5-and 9.6-kb HindIII fragments on pADAP did not alter disease-causing ability. When plasmids with inserts into the 9.6-kb region were conjugated into plasmid-minus, nonpathogenic isolates of S. entomophila and S. proteamaculans, all of them became pathogenic. Transposon insertions into two regions of the 10.6-kb HindIII fragment continued to cause cessation of feeding but failed to produce amber coloration. Further analysis of a mutant from each amber-minus region (pADK-10 and pADK-13) demonstrated that the antifeeding effect was produced only at dosages higher than that of the wild-type strain. Complementation with the wild-type HindIII fragment restored full-blown disease properties for pADK-13, but not for pADK-10.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 223011-2
    ISSN 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
    ISSN (online) 1098-5336
    ISSN 0099-2240
    DOI 10.1128/aem.61.6.2218-2223.1995
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