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Article ; Online: Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature.

Glenn, Bailey E / Espira, Leon M / Larson, Miles C / Larson, Peter S

Environmental health : a global access science source

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 40

Abstract: Introduction: Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa's rapid ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa's rapid pace of urbanization, economic expansion, and population growth raise concerns of increasing incidence of NCRDs. This research characterizes the state of research on pollution and NCRDs in the 46 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This research systematically reviewed the literature on studies of asthma; chronic bronchitis; allergic rhinitis; and air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, NOx, and sulfuric oxide. Methods: We searched three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) using the key words "asthma", "chronic bronchitis", "allergic rhinitis", and "COPD" with "carbon monoxide (CO)", "sulfuric oxide (SO)", "ozone (O3)", "nitrogen dioxide (NO2)", and "particulate matter (PM)", restricting the search to the 46 countries that comprise SSA. Only papers published in scholarly journals with a defined health outcome in individuals and which tested associations with explicitly measured or modelled air exposures were considered for inclusion. All candidate papers were entered into a database for review. Results: We found a total of 362 unique research papers in the initial search of the three databases. Among these, 14 met the inclusion criteria. These papers comprised studies from just five countries. Nine papers were from South Africa; two from Malawi; and one each from Ghana, Namibia, and Nigeria. Most studies were cross-sectional. Exposures to ambient air pollutants were measured using spectrometry and chromatography. Some studies created composite measures of air pollution using a range of data layers. NCRD outcomes were measured by self-reported health status and measures of lung function (spirometry). Populations of interest were primarily schoolchildren, though a few studies focused on secondary school students and adults. Conclusions: The paucity of research on NCRDs and ambient air pollutant exposures is pronounced within the African continent. While capacity to measure air quality in SSA is high, studies targeting NCRDs should work to draw attention to questions of outdoor air pollution and health. As the climate changes and SSA economies expand and countries urbanize, these questions will become increasingly important.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Asthma ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Child ; Humans ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone/analysis ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2092232-2
ISSN	1476-069X ; 1476-069X
ISSN (online)	1476-069X
ISSN	1476-069X
DOI	10.1186/s12940-022-00852-0
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Article ; Online: Long-Term PM

Larson, Peter S / Espira, Leon / Glenn, Bailey E / Larson, Miles C / Crowe, Christopher S / Jang, Seoyeon / O'Neill, Marie S

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 5

Abstract: Introduction: Short-term exposures to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been associated with increased risk for symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Less well understood is how long-term exposures to fine PM (PM2.5) might ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Short-term exposures to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been associated with increased risk for symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Less well understood is how long-term exposures to fine PM (PM2.5) might increase risk of ARIs and their symptoms. This research uses georeferenced Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Kenya (2014) along with a remote sensing based raster of PM2.5 concentrations to test associations between PM2.5 exposure and ARI symptoms in children for up to 12 monthly lags. Methods: Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were extracted from raster of monthly averages for latitude/longitude locations of survey clusters. These data and other environmental and demographic data were used in a logistic regression model of ARI symptoms within a distributed lag nonlinear modeling framework (DLNM) to test lag associations of PM2.5 exposure with binary presence/absence of ARI symptoms in the previous two weeks. Results: Out of 7036 children under five for whom data were available, 46.8% reported ARI symptoms in the previous two weeks. Exposure to PM2.5 within the same month and as an average for the previous 12 months was 18.31 and 22.1 µg/m3, respectively, far in excess of guidelines set by the World Health Organization. One-year average PM2.5 exposure was higher for children who experienced ARI symptoms compared with children who did not (22.4 vs. 21.8 µg/m3, p < 0.0001.) Logistic regression models using the DLNM framework indicated that while PM exposure was not significantly associated with ARI symptoms for early lags, exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 (90th percentile) was associated with elevated odds for ARI symptoms along a gradient of lag exposure time even when controlling for age, sex, types of cooking fuels, and precipitation. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 may increase risk for acute respiratory problems in small children. However, more work should be carried out to increase capacity to accurately measure air pollutants in emerging economies such as Kenya.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/chemically induced ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19052525
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Article ; Online: Perceptions toward Ebola vaccination and correlates of vaccine uptake among high-risk community members in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Perera, Shiromi M / Garbern, Stephanie Chow / Mbong, Eta Ngole / Fleming, Monica K / Muhayangabo, Rigobert Fraterne / Ombeni, Arsene Baleke / Kulkarni, Shibani / Tchoualeu, Dieula Delissaint / Kallay, Ruth / Song, Elizabeth / Powell, Jasmine / Gainey, Monique / Glenn, Bailey / Mutumwa, Ruffin Mitume / Mustafa, Stephane Hans Bateyi / Earle-Richardson, Giulia / Fukunaga, Rena / Abad, Neetu / Soke, Gnakub Norbert /

Prybylski, Dimitri / Fitter, David L / Levine, Adam C / Doshi, Reena H

PLOS global public health

2024 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e0002566

Abstract: The tenth Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak (2018-2020, North Kivu, Ituri, South Kivu) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was the second-largest EVD outbreak in history. During this outbreak, Ebola vaccination was an integral part of the EVD ... ...

Abstract	The tenth Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak (2018-2020, North Kivu, Ituri, South Kivu) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was the second-largest EVD outbreak in history. During this outbreak, Ebola vaccination was an integral part of the EVD response. We evaluated community perceptions toward Ebola vaccination and identified correlates of Ebola vaccine uptake among high-risk community members in North Kivu, DRC. In March 2021, a cross-sectional survey among adults was implemented in three health zones. We employed a sampling approach mimicking ring vaccination, targeting EVD survivors, their household members, and their neighbors. Outbreak experiences and perceptions toward the Ebola vaccine were assessed, and modified Poisson regression was used to identify correlates of Ebola vaccine uptake among those offered vaccination. Among the 631 individuals surveyed, most (90.2%) reported a high perceived risk of EVD and 71.6% believed that the vaccine could reduce EVD severity; however, 63.7% believed the vaccine had serious side effects. Among the 474 individuals who had been offered vaccination, 397 (83.8%) received the vaccine, 180 (45.3%) of those vaccinated received the vaccine after two or more offers. Correlates positively associated with vaccine uptake included having heard positive information about the vaccine (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.60), the belief that the vaccine could prevent EVD (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.39), and reporting that religion influenced all decisions (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25). Ebola vaccine uptake was high in this population, although mixed attitudes and vaccine delays were common. Communicating positive vaccine information, emphasizing the efficacy of the Ebola vaccine, and engaging religious leaders to promote vaccination may aid in increasing Ebola vaccine uptake during future outbreaks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0002566
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Article: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions among Ebola-Affected Communities in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021.

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Populations affected by humanitarian crises and emerging infectious disease outbreaks may have unique concerns and experiences that influence their perceptions toward vaccines. In March 2021, we conducted a survey to examine the perceptions toward COVID- ... ...

Abstract	Populations affected by humanitarian crises and emerging infectious disease outbreaks may have unique concerns and experiences that influence their perceptions toward vaccines. In March 2021, we conducted a survey to examine the perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccines and identify the factors associated with vaccine intention among 631 community members (CMs) and 438 healthcare workers (HCWs) affected by the 2018-2020 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of vaccine intention. Most HCWs (81.7%) and 53.6% of CMs felt at risk of contracting COVID-19; however, vaccine intention was low (27.6% CMs; 39.7% HCWs). In both groups, the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, general vaccine confidence, and male sex were associated with the intention to get vaccinated, with security concerns preventing vaccine access being negatively associated. Among CMs, getting the Ebola vaccine was associated with the intention to get vaccinated (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05-1.94). Among HCWs, concerns about new vaccines' safety and side effects (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.91), religion's influence on health decisions (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.61), security concerns (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.74), and governmental distrust (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.35-0.70) were negatively associated with vaccine perceptions. Enhanced community engagement and communication that address this population's concerns could help improve vaccine perceptions and vaccination decisions. These findings could facilitate the success of vaccine campaigns in North Kivu and similar settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11050973
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Article ; Online: Ebola vaccine uptake and attitudes among healthcare workers in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021.

Doshi, Reena H / Garbern, Stephanie C / Kulkarni, Shibani / Perera, Shiromi M / Fleming, Monica K / Muhayangabo, Rigobert Fraterne / Ombeni, Arsene Balene / Tchoualeu, Dieula Delissaint / Kallay, Ruth / Song, Elizabeth / Powell, Jasmine / Gainey, Monique / Glenn, Bailey / Mutumwa, Ruffin Mitume / Hans Bateyi Mustafa, Stephane / Earle-Richardson, Giulia / Gao, Hongjiang / Abad, Neetu / Soke, Gnakub Norbert /

Fitter, David L / Hyde, Terri B / Prybylski, Dimitri / Levine, Adam C / Jalloh, Mohamed F / Mbong, Eta Ngole

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1080700

Abstract: Introduction: During the 2018-2020 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), prevention and control measures, such as Ebola vaccination were challenging by community mistrust. We aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: During the 2018-2020 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), prevention and control measures, such as Ebola vaccination were challenging by community mistrust. We aimed to understand perceptions regarding Ebola vaccination and identify determinants of Ebola vaccine uptake among HCWs. Methods: In March 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 438 HCWs from 100 randomly selected health facilities in three health zones (Butembo, Beni, Mabalako) affected by the 10th EVD outbreak in North Kivu, DRC. HCWs were eligible if they were ≥ 18 years and were working in a health facility during the outbreak. We used survey logistic regression to assess correlates of first-offer uptake (i.e., having received the vaccine the first time it was offered vs. after subsequent offers). Results: Of the 438 HCWs enrolled in the study, 420 (95.8%) reported that they were eligible and offered an Ebola vaccine. Among those offered vaccination, self-reported uptake of the Ebola vaccine was 99.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) [98.5-99.4]), but first-offer uptake was 70.2% (95% CI [67.1, 73.5]). Nearly all HCWs (94.3%; 95% CI [92.7-95.5]) perceived themselves to be at risk of contracting EVD. The most common concern was that the vaccine would cause side effects (65.7%; 95% CI [61.4-69.7]). In the multivariable analysis, mistrust of the vaccine source or how the vaccine was produced decreased the odds of first-time uptake. Discussion: Overall uptake of the Ebola vaccine was high among HCWs, but uptake at the first offer was substantially lower, which was associated with mistrust of the vaccine source. Future Ebola vaccination efforts should plan to make repeated vaccination offers to HCWs and address their underlying mistrust in the vaccines, which can, in turn, improve community uptake.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control ; Ebola Vaccines ; Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Personnel ; Attitude
Chemical Substances	Ebola Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1080700
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Article ; Online: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Persons Who Had Previously Received 1 Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine and in Unvaccinated Persons - 29 U.S. Jurisdictions, May 22-September 3, 2022.

Farrar, Jennifer L / Lewis, Nathaniel M / Houck, Kennedy / Canning, Michelle / Fothergill, Amy / Payne, Amanda B / Cohen, Adam L / Vance, Joshua / Brassil, Bridget / Youngkin, Erin / Glenn, Bailey / Mangla, Anil / Kupferman, Nikki / Saunders, Katharine / Meza, Cristina / Nims, Dawn / Soliva, Susan / Blouse, Brandon / Henderson, Tiffany /

Banerjee, Emily / White, Brooklyn / Birn, Rachael / Stadelman, Anna M / Abrego, Meaghan / McLafferty, Meagan / Eberhart, Michael G / Pietrowski, Michael / De León, Sandra Miranda / Creegan, Emma / Diedhiou, Abdoulaye / Wiedeman, Caleb / Murray-Thompson, Jade / McCarty, Elizabeth / Marcinkevage, Jessica / Kocharian, Anna / Torrone, Elizabeth A / Ray, Logan C / Payne, Daniel C

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 298–303

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Demography ; Vaccination ; Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis ; Mpox (monkeypox)/prevention & control ; Smallpox Vaccine/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	smallpox and monkeypox vaccine modified vaccinia ankara-bavarian nordic (TU8J357395) ; Smallpox Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2060594-8
ISSN	1600-6143 ; 1600-6135
ISSN (online)	1600-6143
ISSN	1600-6135
DOI	10.1016/j.ajt.2023.01.003
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Article ; Online: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Persons Who Had Previously Received 1 Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine and in Unvaccinated Persons - 29 U.S. Jurisdictions, May 22-September 3, 2022.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2022 Volume 71, Issue 5152, Page(s) 1610–1615

Abstract: As of November 14, 2022, monkeypox (mpox) cases had been reported from more than 110 countries, including 29,133 cases in the United States.* Among U.S. cases to date, 95% have occurred among males (1). After the first confirmed U.S. mpox case on May 17, ...

Abstract	As of November 14, 2022, monkeypox (mpox) cases had been reported from more than 110 countries, including 29,133 cases in the United States.* Among U.S. cases to date, 95% have occurred among males (1). After the first confirmed U.S. mpox case on May 17, 2022, limited supplies of JYNNEOS vaccine (Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine, Bavarian Nordic) were made available to jurisdictions for persons exposed to mpox. JYNNEOS vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019 as a 2-dose series (0.5 mL per dose, administered subcutaneously) to prevent smallpox and mpox disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Demography ; Smallpox Vaccine ; United States/epidemiology ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Mpox (monkeypox)/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	smallpox and monkeypox vaccine modified vaccinia ankara-bavarian nordic (TU8J357395) ; Smallpox Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm715152a2
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Article ; Online: Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature.

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Article ; Online: Long-Term PM

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Article ; Online: Perceptions toward Ebola vaccination and correlates of vaccine uptake among high-risk community members in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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Article: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions among Ebola-Affected Communities in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021.

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Article ; Online: Ebola vaccine uptake and attitudes among healthcare workers in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021.

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Article ; Online: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Persons Who Had Previously Received 1 Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine and in Unvaccinated Persons - 29 U.S. Jurisdictions, May 22-September 3, 2022.

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Article ; Online: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Persons Who Had Previously Received 1 Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine and in Unvaccinated Persons - 29 U.S. Jurisdictions, May 22-September 3, 2022.

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