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Article ; Online: Simple consideration of second-order effects in the calculation of RC column fire resistance

Głowacki, Michał / Kowalski, Robert

Fire safety journal 2022 Oct., v. 133, p. 103650

2022 , Page(s) 103650

Abstract: The article presents a simple method of calculating the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns with second-order effects taken into consideration. To involve the effects, the calculations include an increase in the eccentricity of the initial ... ...

Abstract	The article presents a simple method of calculating the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns with second-order effects taken into consideration. To involve the effects, the calculations include an increase in the eccentricity of the initial longitudinal force that is determined according to the Nominal stiffness method (EN 1992-1-1) and Euler's formula. It is assumed that the stiffness of the column cross-section in fire conditions decreases in proportion to a decrease in the moment of inertia of the concrete cross-section with dimensions reduced in accordance with the assumptions of the 500°C Isotherm method (EN 1992-1-2). The load-bearing capacity of the column cross-section, under the longitudinal force acting on the eccentricity enlarged according to the proposed procedure, is calculated with the 500°C Isotherm method. The calculation results are compared with the available in the literature test results of RC columns of 30 × 30 and 20 × 20 cm cross-section which failed when heated, under the simultaneous action of compressive force. It is found that the calculation results were well consistent with the test results of columns with a cross-section of 30 × 30 cm while the results of the calculated load-bearing capacity of columns with a cross-section of 20 × 20 cm were underestimated.
Keywords	RC columns ; Fire resistance ; High temperature ; Second-order effects ; Nominal stiffness method ; 500°C Isotherm method ; Calculations
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Size	p. 103650
Publishing place	Elsevier Sequoia.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Resource is Open Access ; Consyn License Information
ZDB-ID	1483569-1
ISSN	0379-7112
ISSN	0379-7112
DOI	10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103650
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Mechanical properties of the mouse femur after treatment with diclofenac and running exercises.

Trzaskowska, Aleksandra / Mielcarek, Sławomir / Lehmann, Tomasz / Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Ewa / Kołodziejski, Paweł / Głowacki, Maciej

Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics

2024 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 129–139

Abstract: Purpose: The flexible properties of the bone are essential for the movement and protection of vital organs. The ability of a bone to resist fractures under the influence of large muscles and physical activity depends on its established mechanical ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The flexible properties of the bone are essential for the movement and protection of vital organs. The ability of a bone to resist fractures under the influence of large muscles and physical activity depends on its established mechanical properties. This article discusses how exercise such as treadmill running and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac, affect the musculoskeletal system by modifying the elastic and thermal properties of the left femur of a mouse. Methods: The research was conducted using 9-week-old C57BL/6J female mice. In order to investigate the elastic and thermal properties of bones, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed. Results: The study of elastic properties, followed by in-depth statistical analysis, shows that taking diclofenac slightly reduces the elastic parameters of the bones under study. These changes are more pronounced in DSC studies, the shift of the observed endothermic peaks is on the order of several degrees with a simultaneous increase in the enthalpy of this process. Conclusions: The opposite effect of the applied factors - diclofenac and running - on the elastic properties of the bones of the examined mice was found. The external factors - running and diclofenac - modify the basic parameters of the endothermic process associated with the release of water.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2559094-7
ISSN	1509-409X
ISSN	1509-409X
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Change in the Low-Cycle Performance on the 3D-Printed Materials ABS, ASA, HIPS, and PLA Exposed to Mineral Oil.

Głowacki, Marcin / Mazurkiewicz, Adam / Skórczewska, Katarzyna / Martínez Valle, José Miguel / Smyk, Emil

Polymers

2024 Volume 16, Issue 8

Abstract: Three-dimensionally printed parts are increasingly used in industry for quick repairs. They are often operated in the presence of grease, oil, and others. This article describes the effect of engine mineral oil on the fatigue life of 3D-printed FDM ... ...

Abstract	Three-dimensionally printed parts are increasingly used in industry for quick repairs. They are often operated in the presence of grease, oil, and others. This article describes the effect of engine mineral oil on the fatigue life of 3D-printed FDM plastic samples. For this reason, this article aimed to investigate the influence of oil on the fatigue life of materials made using this technology. Samples made of ABA, ASA, PLA, and HIPS materials were printed with 100% fill. Divided into groups, they were stored for 15, 30, and 60 days in an oil bath at a room temperature of 23 °C and an increased temperature of 70 °C. To compare the effect of storage in oil, static tests were performed to determine the tensile strength of the specimens and to determine the load levels for the cyclic tests. Cyclic tests were performed to determine the effect of oil and temperature on the fatigue life. Internal structure studies of the specimens were performed using computed microtomography to determine the changes in the porosity of the specimens under the influence of oil. In the case of ABS, the oil-bathed samples showed a clear increase in the fatigue life, especially at 23 °C. For the ASA specimens, an increase was also evident, especially for the lower stress value. For HIPS and PLA, no clear effect of the oil bath on the fatigue life value of the samples was determined. Porosity studies using computed microtomography showed a clear decrease in the porosity of the samples as a result of the oil bath for all of them.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym16081120
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Article ; Online: Effect of Shock-Variable Environmental Temperature and Humidity Conditions on 3D-Printed Polymers for Tensile Properties.

Głowacki, Marcin / Skórczewska, Katarzyna / Lewandowski, Krzysztof / Szewczykowski, Piotr / Mazurkiewicz, Adam

Polymers

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1

Abstract: The article presents the research results on the influence of variable shock conditions, such as temperature and water, thus reflecting shock atmospheric conditions during freezing and thawing, on the properties of samples produced using 3D printing ... ...

Abstract	The article presents the research results on the influence of variable shock conditions, such as temperature and water, thus reflecting shock atmospheric conditions during freezing and thawing, on the properties of samples produced using 3D printing technology from commonly used materials such as ABS, HIPS, PLA, and ASA. Understanding how different environmental conditions affect the quality, reliability, and durability of 3D prints can help to optimize the printing process and provide valuable information about their application possibilities. Tests related to the strength of the materials, such as static tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, and evaluation of structures, were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Changes in chemical properties were measured by performing tests such as FTIR and TGA. Variations in chemical properties were measured by performing tests such as FTIR and TGA. One shock cycle lasting 7 days was sufficient to alter the properties of 3D prints, with the extent of changes depending on the material, as summarized in the test results.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym16010001
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Article: Resistance of 3D-Printed Components, Test Specimens and Products to Work under Environmental Conditions-Review.

Głowacki, Marcin / Mazurkiewicz, Adam / Słomion, Małgorzata / Skórczewska, Katarzyna

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 17

Abstract: The development of additive manufacturing methods known as "3D printing" started in the 1980s. In these methods, spatial models are created from a semi-finished product such as a powder, filament or liquid. The model is most often created in layers, ... ...

Abstract	The development of additive manufacturing methods known as "3D printing" started in the 1980s. In these methods, spatial models are created from a semi-finished product such as a powder, filament or liquid. The model is most often created in layers, which are created from the semi-finished product, which is most often subjected to thermal treatment or using light or ultraviolet rays. The technology of additive manufacturing has both advantages and disadvantages when compared to the traditionally used methods of processing thermoplastic materials, such as, for example, injection or extrusion. The most important advantages are low cost, flexibility and speed of manufacturing of elements with different spatial shapes. From the point of view of the user of the product, the most important disadvantages are the lower mechanical properties and lower resistance to environmental factors that occur during the use of the manufactured products. The purpose of this review is to present current information and a compilation of features in the field of research on the effects of the interactions of different types of environments on the mechanical properties of 3D-manufactured thermoplastic products. Changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the material under the influence of factors such as humidity, salt, temperature, UV rays, gasoline and the environment of the human body are presented. The presented article enables the effects of environmental conditions on common materials used in 3D printing technology to be collated in one place.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma15176162
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Multiscale structural characterization of the vertebral endplate in animal models.

Wojtków, Magdalena / Głowacki, Maciej / Pezowicz, Celina

Journal of anatomy

2021 Volume 239, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–80

Abstract: Research in the field of spinal biomechanics, including analyses of the impact of implants on the stability of the spine, is conducted extensively in animal models. One of the basic problems in spinal implantation is the transfer and distribution of ... ...

Abstract	Research in the field of spinal biomechanics, including analyses of the impact of implants on the stability of the spine, is conducted extensively in animal models. One of the basic problems in spinal implantation is the transfer and distribution of loads carried by the spine on the surfaces of the vertebral bodies. An important factor in proper cooperation of spinal implants with the vertebrae is the endplate (EP), which is why the EP in the animal model used for testing should be as similar as possible to the human EP. Therefore, this study involved multiscale structural and morphometric analyses of the animal models most commonly used in spinal biomechanics research, i.e. pig, ovine, and bovine tail. The tests were performed on 28 lumbar porcine, ovine, and bovine vertebrae. Both cranial and caudal EPs were analysed in three selected areas: anterior, middle, and posterior EPs. The conducted tests included a morphometric analysis of the trabecular bone (TB) layer of the EP as well as microscopic analysis at the mesoscale (total thickness) and microscale (thickness of the individual EP layers). The porcine EP had a characteristic increased circumferential thickness (~3 mm) with a significant narrowing in the central region (50%-60%). The convex cranial ovine EP had a constant thickness throughout the cross-section and the concave caudal EP showed ~35% narrowing in the central region. The thickest EPs were observed in the bovine tail model with negligibly small narrowing in the central region (~5%). The thickness of the cartilaginous layer in the porcine and bovine models reached up to 1 mm in the peripheral regions and decreased in the central part. The growth plate layer had a similar thickness in all the models. On the other hand, the narrowing of the total thickness of the EPs in the central region was mainly due to a decrease in the VEP thickness. In the ovine and bovine models, the central region of the EP was characterized by large isotropy and trabeculae of mixed or rod-like shape. By contrast, in the pig, this region had plate-like trabeculae of anisotropic nature. The porcine model was identified as best reflecting the shape and structure of the human EP and as the best surrogate model for the human EP model. This choice is particularly important in the context of biomechanical research.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Humans ; Sheep ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Spine/diagnostic imaging ; Swine ; X-Ray Microtomography
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2955-5
ISSN	1469-7580 ; 0021-8782
ISSN (online)	1469-7580
ISSN	0021-8782
DOI	10.1111/joa.13402
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Decision Support Tool in the Selection of Powder for 3D Printing.

Szczupak, Ewelina / Małysza, Marcin / Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, Dorota / Jaśkowiec, Krzysztof / Bitka, Adam / Głowacki, Mirosław / Marcjan, Łukasz

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 17, Issue 8

Abstract: The work presents a tool enabling the selection of powder for 3D printing. The project focused on three types of powders, such as steel, nickel- and cobalt-based and aluminum-based. An important aspect during the research was the possibility of obtaining ...

Abstract	The work presents a tool enabling the selection of powder for 3D printing. The project focused on three types of powders, such as steel, nickel- and cobalt-based and aluminum-based. An important aspect during the research was the possibility of obtaining the mechanical parameters. During the work, the possibility of using the selected algorithm based on artificial intelligence like Random Forest, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbors, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, AdaBoost was also checked. During the work, tests were carried out to check which algorithm would be best for use in the decision support system being developed. Cross-validation was used, as well as hyperparameter tuning using different evaluation sets. In both cases, the best model turned out to be Random Forest, whose F1 metric score is 98.66% for cross-validation and 99.10% after tuning on the test set. This model can be considered the most promising in solving this problem. The first result is a more accurate estimate of how the model will behave for new data, while the second model talks about possible improvement after optimization or possible overtraining to the parameters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma17081873
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Article: Analysis of the Possibility of Using Selected Tools and Algorithms in the Classification and Recognition of Type of Microstructure.

Szatkowski, Michał / Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, Dorota / Jaśkowiec, Krzysztof / Małysza, Marcin / Bitka, Adam / Głowacki, Mirosław

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 16, Issue 21

Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop a solution based on existing methods and tools that would allow the automatic classification of selected images of cast iron microstructures. As part of the work, solutions based on artificial intelligence were ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this research was to develop a solution based on existing methods and tools that would allow the automatic classification of selected images of cast iron microstructures. As part of the work, solutions based on artificial intelligence were tested and modified. Their task is to assign a specific class in the analyzed microstructure images. In the analyzed set, the examined samples appear in various zoom levels, photo sizes and colors. As is known, the components of the microstructure are different. In the examined photo, there does not have to be only one type of precipitate in each photo that indicates the correct microstructure of the same type of alloy, different shapes may appear in different amounts. This article also addresses the issue of data preparation. In order to isolate one type of structure element, the possibilities of using methods such as HOG (histogram of oriented gradients) and thresholding (the image was transformed into black objects on a white background) were checked. In order to avoid the slow preparation of training data, our solution was proposed to facilitate the labeling of data for training. The HOG algorithm combined with SVM and random forest were used for the classification process. In order to compare the effectiveness of the operation, the Faster R-CNN and Mask R-CNN algorithms were also used. The results obtained from the classifiers were compared to the microstructure assessment performed by experts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma16216837
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Gene Expression in MC3T3-E1 Cells Treated with Diclofenac and Methylprednisolone.

Lehmann, Tomasz P / Iwańczyk-Skalska, Ewa / Harasymczuk, Jerzy / Jagodziński, Paweł P / Głowacki, Maciej

Genes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1

Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are often used to treat articular-skeletal disorders. The extended use of NSAIDs and GCs have adverse effects on bone metabolism, reducing bone quality and impairing fracture healing. ...

Abstract	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are often used to treat articular-skeletal disorders. The extended use of NSAIDs and GCs have adverse effects on bone metabolism, reducing bone quality and impairing fracture healing. In the present study, we used mouse pre-osteoblast cells MC3T3-E1 to demonstrate the effects of diclofenac (DF) and methylprednisolone (MP) on cell proliferation and gene expression. Cells were incubated with three doses of DF or MP: 0.5 µM, 5 µM, and 50 µM. MP decreased cell viability even after 24 h, but DF inhibited cell viability after only seven days of treatment. The cells were lysed after one, two, three, and seven days of treatment, and gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. DF did not significantly affect the expression of the osteogenic marker genes. MP modified the expression of
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Methylprednisolone/pharmacology ; Diclofenac/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Methylprednisolone (X4W7ZR7023) ; Diclofenac (144O8QL0L1) ; Glucocorticoids ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14010184
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ostarine does not enhance the metabolic effect of exercise in obese rats.

Leciejewska, N / Pruszynska-Oszmalek, E / Sassek, M / Głowacki, M / Lehmenn, T / Rekas-Dudziak, A / Nogowski, L / Nowak, K W / Kolodziejski, P A

Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society

2023 Volume 74, Issue 4

Abstract: Overweight and obesity are associated with severe metabolic disorders and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is a known fact that physical activity has a positive effect on metabolic parameters, and also reduces the risk of diseases such as ...

Abstract	Overweight and obesity are associated with severe metabolic disorders and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is a known fact that physical activity has a positive effect on metabolic parameters, and also reduces the risk of diseases such as diabetes. Some products can enhance the rate of lipolysis and help in improving fat loss. One of these are selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) which act as anabolic agents and are also believed to aid in fat-burning. In this study, we investigated whether 30 days of ostarine administration could potentially improve metabolic parameters using the rat model of obesity combined with exercise. We assessed the levels of biochemical and hormonal parameters in serum samples as well as insulin sensitivity indices of tissues. There were significant changes in the metabolic parameters with exercise. However, we did not find any additive effects of ostarine and exercise on most of the parameters tested. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of gene expression and the concentration of leptin and adiponectin. Our results indicated that ostarine had a lowering effect on cholesterol concentration in the serum (P<0.05). Moreover, when combining ostarine and exercise, additive changes were only observed in the levels of total and HDL cholesterol. No significant change was observed in the metabolic parameters of obese rats with the use of ostarine at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg body weight. Since ostarine is known to enhance performance, further research on its effects is needed.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Obesity/metabolism ; Leptin ; Anilides/pharmacology ; Overweight ; Adiponectin
Chemical Substances	ostarine (O3571H3R8N) ; Leptin ; Anilides ; Adiponectin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1125221-2
ISSN	1899-1505 ; 0867-5910 ; 0044-6033
ISSN (online)	1899-1505
ISSN	0867-5910 ; 0044-6033
DOI	10.26402/jpp.2023.4.06
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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