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Article ; Online: Altered Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Functioning During Emotional Interference Resistance Is Associated With Affect Lability in Adults With Persisting Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood.

Ojha, Amar / Jones, Neil P / Henry, Teague / Versace, Amelia / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Joseph, Heather M / Molina, Brooke S G / Ladouceur, Cecile D

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

2024

Abstract: Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or impulsivity/hyperactivity. ADHD, especially when persisting into adulthood, often includes emotional dysregulation, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or impulsivity/hyperactivity. ADHD, especially when persisting into adulthood, often includes emotional dysregulation, such as affect lability; however, the neural correlates of emotionality in adults with heterogeneous ADHD symptom persistence remain unclear. Methods: The present study sought to determine shared and distinct functional neuroanatomical profiles of neural circuitry during emotional interference resistance using the emotional face n-back task in adult participants with persisting (n = 47), desisting (n = 93), or no (n = 42) childhood ADHD symptoms while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Participants without any lifetime ADHD diagnosis performed significantly better (faster and more accurately) than participants with ADHD diagnoses on trials with high cognitive loads (2-back) that included task-irrelevant emotional distractors, tapping into executive functioning and emotion regulatory processes. In participants with persisting ADHD symptoms, more severe emotional symptoms were related to worse task performance. Heightened dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation was associated with more accurate and faster performance on 2-back emotional faces trials, respectively. Reduced activation was associated with greater affect lability in adults with persisting ADHD, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation mediated the relationship between affect lability and task accuracy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that alterations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function associated with greater interference in cognitive processes from emotion could represent a marker of risk for problems with emotional dysregulation in individuals with persisting ADHD and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for those with greater emotional symptoms of ADHD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2879089-3
ISSN	2451-9030 ; 2451-9022
ISSN (online)	2451-9030
ISSN	2451-9022
DOI	10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.02.003
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The role of perceived parent drinking motives on alcohol use among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Margherio, Samantha M / Pedersen, Sarah L / Wang, Frances L / Kennedy, Traci M / Walther, Christine A P / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Pelham, William E / Molina, Brooke S G

Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors

2024

Abstract: Objective: Parent history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial behaviors contribute to adolescent alcohol use and are associated with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Youth with ADHD may be susceptible to ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Parent history of alcohol-related problems and antisocial behaviors contribute to adolescent alcohol use and are associated with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Youth with ADHD may be susceptible to intergenerational transmission of alcohol-related cognitions, which may model drinking motives that enhance risk for adolescent alcohol use. We examined whether childhood ADHD and parent history of alcohol use disorder, with or without antisociality, were associated with adolescents' perceptions of their parents' drinking motives and whether these perceptions predicted their alcohol use behaviors. Method: Adolescents ( Results: Perceived parent drinking motives were highest for social and lowest for conformity motives, consistent with adult self-reports in the literature. Parent alcohol use and antisociality history predicted perceptions of parent drinking motives, and child ADHD only predicted perceptions of parent social drinking motives. Perceived parent drinking motives predicted adolescent alcohol use, but only among youth without ADHD. Conclusion: Findings reflect the potential importance of assessing adolescent perceptions of parent drinking motives for adolescents without ADHD and a possible need for supporting parents in communicating about their own alcohol use. Future research should consider alternative strategies (e.g., assessing implicit cognitions) for studying the link between alcohol-related cognitions and behaviors for adolescents with ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2101111-4
ISSN	1939-1501 ; 0893-164X
ISSN (online)	1939-1501
ISSN	0893-164X
DOI	10.1037/adb0000991
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Article ; Online: Cognitive mechanisms of methylphenidate in ADHD: Do improvements in sustained attention mediate behavioral improvements in the natural environment?

Merrill, Brittany M / Raiker, Joseph S / Evans, Steven W / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Pelham, William E

Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence

2021 Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 425–446

Abstract: The relation between sustained attention in the laboratory and behaviors exhibited in naturalistic settings among children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) remains unclear. Additionally, research on stimulant medication effects in ... ...

Abstract	The relation between sustained attention in the laboratory and behaviors exhibited in naturalistic settings among children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) remains unclear. Additionally, research on stimulant medication effects in these areas and their association with one another remains scarce. Twenty-one children with ADHD and 21 children without ADHD completed a novel continuous performance test (CPT) involving high cognitive demands (e.g., visual search). Participants with ADHD also attended a Summer Treatment Program and received three doses of stimulant medication (placebo, low, and high). Their behavior in classroom and peer settings was observed and recorded, and they completed the CPT in each medication condition. The CPT measures of bias and sensitivity were used in analyses. Results indicated that children with ADHD had impaired overall performance and worse bias during the second half of the task compared to controls. Methylphenidate improved both naturalistic behavior and overall CPT performance but did not specifically improve the sustained attention deficit. Despite improvements in overall CPT performance, medication-related improvement in CPT performance did not mediate medication-related improvement in observed behavior in classroom or recreational settings. As such, our findings suggest that although children with ADHD do demonstrate a sustained attention deficit, salutary psychostimulant effects on CPT performance are not indicative of, or causally linked to, psychostimulant effects on presenting problems in naturalistic settings.
MeSH term(s)	Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Methylphenidate/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Methylphenidate (207ZZ9QZ49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1262599-1
ISSN	1744-4136 ; 0929-7049
ISSN (online)	1744-4136
ISSN	0929-7049
DOI	10.1080/09297049.2020.1862074
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Article ; Online: The Impact of ADHD on Maternal Quality of Life.

Piscitello, Jennifer / Altszuler, Amy R / Mazzant, Jessica Robb / Babinski, Dara E / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Page, Timothy F / Molina, Brooke S G / Pelham, William E

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2022 Volume 50, Issue 10, Page(s) 1275–1288

Abstract: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with substantial burden to caregiver quality of life (QoL). However, a paucity of work has focused on quantifying QoL among caregivers of adolescents with a history of ADHD. The ... ...

Abstract	Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with substantial burden to caregiver quality of life (QoL). However, a paucity of work has focused on quantifying QoL among caregivers of adolescents with a history of ADHD. The purpose of the current study was (1) to quantify maternal QoL in a sample of mothers of adolescents with and without childhood ADHD; and (2) to examine predictors (i.e., parent and child characteristics and behavior) associated with maternal QoL. Participants included mothers of adolescents with (N = 110) and without ADHD (N = 90) ranging in age from 13 to 18 (M = 16.09, 92% male). The Quality Adjusted Life-Year (QALY) was used to calculate maternal QoL using two health domains (i.e., anxiety/depression and disruption in daily activities) commonly impacted by raising youth with ADHD. QALYs are valued monetarily to estimate disease burden. Mothers of adolescents with childhood ADHD experienced significantly worse QoL relative to mothers in the comparison group. Maternal depression, as well as adolescent age, ADHD status, and discipline problems significantly predicted lower levels of maternal QALY health status index, with ADHD being the strongest predictor. This is equal to a reduction in 1.96 QALYs when summed over the course of a child's lifetime and is associated with a loss of $98,000 to $196,000. Results of the investigation help to further elucidate the health impacts incurred by families of adolescents with ADHD and have important public health implications. Further, parental QoL should be considered when conceptualizing the financial and negative health impact of ADHD.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Parents ; Mothers ; Caregivers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-022-00935-z
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Article ; Online: Persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predicts socially oriented, but not physical/physiologically oriented, alcohol problems in early adulthood.

Wang, Frances L / Pedersen, Sarah L / Kennedy, Traci M / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Pelham, William E / Molina, Brooke S G

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

2021 Volume 45, Issue 8, Page(s) 1693–1706

Abstract: Background: Although individuals with histories of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report more alcohol-related problems in adulthood than those without ADHD, it is unknown whether there are group differences in certain types of ...

Abstract	Background: Although individuals with histories of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report more alcohol-related problems in adulthood than those without ADHD, it is unknown whether there are group differences in certain types of alcohol problems. We tested whether the nature of alcohol problems differed for individuals with and without childhood ADHD, as well as adulthood-persistent ADHD, to facilitate a personalized medicine approach for alcohol problems in this high-risk group. Methods: Data were drawn from a prospective, observational study. Children diagnosed with ADHD and demographically similar individuals without childhood ADHD were followed prospectively through young adulthood (N = 453; 87.6% male). ADHD symptom persistence was assessed using self-reports and parent reports. Alcohol problems and heavy drinking were assessed repeatedly from 18-30 years old to construct lifetime measures. Results: Full-sample confirmatory factor analyses identified 5 alcohol problem "types:" interpersonal problems/risky behaviors, occupational/academic impairment, impaired control/treatment seeking, tolerance/withdrawal, and drinking to blackout. Latent class analyses of items within each type yielded the best fit for 3-class solutions for all sets of items except blackout drinking, for which 2 classes emerged. Children with ADHD were more likely than those without ADHD to belong to high-risk latent classes for interpersonal problems/risky behaviors, occupational/academic problems, and impaired control (the high-risk class that indexed treatment-seeking behavior). These effects were driven by individuals whose ADHD symptoms persisted into adulthood. Few group differences emerged for tolerance/withdrawal and blackout drinking, except that individuals with only childhood ADHD (no persistence) were more likely to belong to the low-risk groups than those with adulthood-persistent ADHD and without ADHD. Conclusions: Individuals with ADHD histories whose symptoms persist into adulthood may be more likely to experience socially oriented alcohol problems and impaired control/treatment seeking than individuals without an ADHD history and those with childhood ADHD only. Tailored alcohol prevention and treatment programs may benefit this high-risk population.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/etiology ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pennsylvania/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	428999-7
ISSN	1530-0277 ; 0145-6008
ISSN (online)	1530-0277
ISSN	0145-6008
DOI	10.1111/acer.14659
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Article ; Online: A measure of functioning in adults With ADHD: Psychometric properties of the general life functioning scale-parent version.

Zhao, Xin / Kennedy, Traci M / Hayes, Timothy / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Pelham, William E / Molina, Brooke S G

Journal of clinical psychology

2021 Volume 77, Issue 12, Page(s) 2894–2914

Abstract: Objective: The General Life Functioning Scale (GLF) was developed to provide a complementary alternative to existing measures of impairment. We examined the psychometric properties of the GLF-Parent version (GLF-P), given the known value of informant ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The General Life Functioning Scale (GLF) was developed to provide a complementary alternative to existing measures of impairment. We examined the psychometric properties of the GLF-Parent version (GLF-P), given the known value of informant ratings. Methods: The GLF-P was administered to parents of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood and a nonADHD comparison group in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study. GLF-P ratings described 334 participants (ADHD = 186; comparison = 148) rated at age 25 (M Results: EFAs suggested and CFAs confirmed a five-factor solution. We found measurement invariance across diagnostic and age groups, satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and known-group validity. Conclusion: Psychometric results suggest the GLF-P as a helpful adjunctive measure of functioning. Further research is needed to determine the utility of the GLF across diverse settings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Infant ; Longitudinal Studies ; Parents ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219160-x
ISSN	1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
ISSN (online)	1097-4679
ISSN	0021-9762
DOI	10.1002/jclp.23285
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Article ; Online: Smoking-Specific Risk Factors in Early Adulthood That Mediate Risk of Daily Smoking by Age 29 for Children with ADHD.

Rhodes, Jessica D / Kennedy, Traci M / Walther, Christine A P / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Pelham, William E / Molina, Brooke S G

Journal of attention disorders

2021 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 525–536

Abstract: Objective: To test whether smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood mediate prediction to daily smoking from childhood ADHD.: Methods: Participants were 237 with and 164 without childhood ADHD. A smoking risk profile score comprising smoking- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To test whether smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood mediate prediction to daily smoking from childhood ADHD. Methods: Participants were 237 with and 164 without childhood ADHD. A smoking risk profile score comprising smoking-specific factors measured between ages 18 to 25 (e.g., craving severity) and age of initiation was tested as mediator of the association between childhood ADHD and age 29 daily smoking. Results: Childhood ADHD predicted age 29 smoking (β = -.15, Conclusions: These behavioral smoking characteristics help explain later daily cigarette smoking for adults with ADHD histories and may need to be targeted in intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Child ; Cigarette Smoking/epidemiology ; Cognition ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2004350-8
ISSN	1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
ISSN (online)	1557-1246
ISSN	1087-0547
DOI	10.1177/10870547211003664
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Article ; Online: Single and Combined Effects of Multiple Intensities of Behavioral Modification and Methylphenidate for Children with ADHD in the Home Setting.

Merrill, Brittany M / Macphee, Fiona L / Burrows-MacLean, Lisa / Coles, Erika K / Wymbs, Brian T / Chacko, Anil / Walker, Kathryn / Wymbs, Frances / Garefino, Allison / Robb Mazzant, Jessica / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Waxmonsky, James G / Massetti, Greta M / Waschbusch, Daniel A / Fabiano, Gregory A / Pelham, William E

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2023 Volume 51, Issue 10, Page(s) 1481–1495

Abstract: Behavioral treatment, stimulants, and their combination are the recommended treatments for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study utilizes within-subjects manipulations of multiple doses of methylphenidate (placebo, ... ...

Abstract	Behavioral treatment, stimulants, and their combination are the recommended treatments for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study utilizes within-subjects manipulations of multiple doses of methylphenidate (placebo, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg/dose t.i.d.) and intensities of behavioral modification (no, low, and high intensity) in the summer treatment program (STP) and home settings. Outcomes are evaluated in the home setting. Participants were 153 children (ages 5-12) diagnosed with ADHD. In alignment with experimental conditions implemented during the STP day, parents implemented behavioral modification levels in three-week intervals, child medication status varied daily, and the orders were randomized. Parents provided daily reports of child behavior, impairment, and symptoms and self-reported parenting stress and self-efficacy. At the end of the study, parents reported treatment preferences. Stimulant medication led to significant improvements across all outcome variables with higher doses resulting in greater improvement. Behavioral treatment significantly improved child individualized goal attainment, symptoms, and impairment in the home setting and parenting stress and self-efficacy. Effect sizes indicate that behavioral treatment combined with a low-medium dose (0.15 or 0.30 mg/kg/dose) of medication results in equivalent or superior outcomes compared to a higher dose (0.60 mg/kg/dose) of medication alone. This pattern was seen across outcomes. Parents overwhelmingly reported preferring treatment with a behavioral component as a first-choice treatment (99%). Results underscore the need to consider dosing as well as parent preference when utilizing combined treatment approaches. This study provides further evidence that combining behavioral treatment and stimulant medication may reduce the stimulant dose needed for beneficial effects.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use ; Methylphenidate/therapeutic use ; Parenting ; Parents
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Methylphenidate (207ZZ9QZ49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-023-01093-6
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Article ; Online: Mindfulness as an Adjunct to Behavior Modification for Elementary-aged Children with ADHD.

Ramos, Marcela C / Macphee, Fiona L / Merrill, Brittany M / Altszuler, Amy R / Raiker, Joseph S / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Greiner, Andrew R / Parent, Justin / Coles, Erika K / Burger, Lisa / Pelham, William E

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2022 Volume 50, Issue 12, Page(s) 1573–1588

Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder defined by pervasive symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Furthermore, children with ADHD show marked deficits in executive functioning (EF) such ...

Abstract	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder defined by pervasive symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Furthermore, children with ADHD show marked deficits in executive functioning (EF) such as attention, effortful control, and behavior, and are more likely to have poor self-regulatory skills. Current evidence-based interventions for children with ADHD include behavioral treatment (BT), psychopharmacological treatment, and their combination. Many other interventions are often used conjunction with or in lieu of evidence-based treatments for ADHD. One such example is the use of mindfulness-based interventions which have been shown to improve attention, reduce maladaptive behaviors, and increase self-regulatory abilities among children in general education settings. The current study is the first to evaluate the effect of mindfulness intervention in combination with BT on behavior, task-based executive functioning (EF), and mindful awareness in elementary-aged children with ADHD (N = 58). The study took place in a controlled analogue summer program setting (STP) in which children were randomized to receive either the mindfulness intervention in conjunction with BT or to a BT active control condition. Children completed a variety of EF cognitive tasks at baseline and post-treatment. Child behavioral responses were measured as teacher and staff-recorded frequencies of observed behavior. In addition, parent-reported and child self-reported measures on mindful awareness were collected. Overall, there were no beneficial incremental effects of mindfulness when used in combination with intensive BT with regard to observed child behavior, attention and inhibitory control, or mindful awareness.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy ; Mindfulness ; Behavior Therapy ; Executive Function/physiology ; Attention
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-022-00947-9
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Article ; Online: Mind-Wandering and Childhood ADHD: Experimental Manipulations across Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings.

Merrill, Brittany M / Raiker, Joseph S / Mattfeld, Aaron T / Macphee, Fiona L / Ramos, Marcela C / Zhao, Xin / Altszuler, Amy R / Schooler, Jonathan W / Coxe, Stefany / Gnagy, Elizabeth M / Greiner, Andrew R / Coles, Erika K / Pelham, William E

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2022 Volume 50, Issue 9, Page(s) 1139–1149

Abstract: The conceptual overlap between mind-wandering and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related impairments is considerable, yet little experimental research examining this overlap among children is available. The current study aims to ... ...

Abstract	The conceptual overlap between mind-wandering and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related impairments is considerable, yet little experimental research examining this overlap among children is available. The current study aims to experimentally manipulate mind-wandering among children with and without ADHD and examine effects on task performance. Participants were 59 children with ADHD and 55 age-matched controls. Participants completed a novel mind-wandering sustained attention to response task (SART) that included non-self-referential and self-referential stimuli to experimentally increase self-referential mind-wandering, reflected by increases in reaction time variability (RTV) following self-referential stimuli. The ADHD group participated in a classroom study with analogue conditions aimed at encouraging self-referential future-oriented thinking (free play/movie before and after class work) compared to a control condition (newscast) and a cross-over methylphenidate trial. The significant interaction between ADHD status and self-referential stimuli on SART performance indicated that self-referential stimuli led to greater RTV among children with ADHD (within-subject d = 1.29) but not among controls. Methylphenidate significantly reduced RTV among youth with ADHD across self-referential (d = 1.07) and non-self-referential conditions (d = 0.72). In the ADHD classroom study, the significant interaction between mind-wandering condition and methylphenidate indicated that methylphenidate led to higher work completion (ds > 5.00), and the free-play mind-wandering condition had more consistent detrimental effects on productivity (ds ≥ 1.25) than the movie mind-wandering condition. This study is the first to manipulate mind-wandering and assess effects among children with ADHD using a behavioral task. Results provide evidence that children with ADHD are uniquely susceptible to mind-wandering interference.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Methylphenidate/pharmacology ; Task Performance and Analysis
Chemical Substances	Methylphenidate (207ZZ9QZ49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-022-00912-6
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