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Article: Comparison of Trehalose/Hyaluronic Acid (HA) vs. 0.001% Hydrocortisone/HA Eyedrops on Signs and Inflammatory Markers in a Desiccating Model of Dry Eye Disease (DED).

Astolfi, Gloria / Lorenzini, Luca / Gobbo, Francesca / Sarli, Giuseppe / Versura, Piera

2022 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease where ocular surface inflammation and damage play key etiological roles.: Purpose: To compare a combination of 3% trehalose (T) and 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) (Thealoz duo: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease where ocular surface inflammation and damage play key etiological roles. Purpose: To compare a combination of 3% trehalose (T) and 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) (Thealoz duo Methods: Thirty 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed in a controlled-environment chamber as a desiccating stress model of DED for 35 days. At day 14 (T1), administration of 5 µL T or I in the right eye (RE) or NaCl 0.9% in the left eye (LE) started, twice a day. Animals were sacrificed after 7 (T2), 14 (T3), 21 (T4, endpoint) days from the beginning of treatment. Corneal fluorescein staining ratio (Image J), histological and histochemical assessment of ocular surface tissues (goblet cell GC density and characterization -PAS, Alcian blue pH 2.5, pH 1.0, and MUC4 expression-in the superior and inferior conjunctiva), and levels of inflammatory markers HLA-DR, IL-1β and TNF-α in cornea and conjunctiva were measured. Results: No animal fully recovered from DED signs at the endpoint. Difference between arms was observed at T3 and T4, with T treated eyes showing a higher corneal damage reduction, PAS-positive GC recovery, lower inflammatory marker expression as compared to the I treated ones. Conclusions: Data suggest that 21 days of treatment with T/HA improved signs, GC recovery and inflammatory markers in a DED mouse model, to a greater extent as compared to I/HA. Data suggest that 21 days of treatment with T/HA improved signs, GC recovery and inflammatory markers in a DED mouse model, to a greater extent as compared to I/HA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11061518
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Mutational Analysis of c-KIT and PDGFRA in Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)

Morini, Maria / Gentilini, Fabio / Turba, Maria Elena / Gobbo, Francesca / Mandrioli, Luciana / Bettini, Giuliano

Veterinary sciences. 2022 July 21, v. 9, no. 7

2022

Abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto- ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes c-KIT and PDGFRA drive GIST oncogenesis and are used to predict the response to RTK-inhibitors in human oncology. Currently, the frequency and significance of these mutations in canine GIST have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we investigated the mutational status of c-KIT (exons 9, 11 and 13) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes by PCR followed by fragment analysis for c-KIT deletions and PCR followed by screening with DHPLC and direct sequencing confirmation for single nucleotide variations in 17 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine GISTs confirmed by KIT immunopositivity. c-KIT mutations were detected in 47% of cases, with a mutation detection rate significantly higher (p = 0.0004, Fisher’s exact test) and always involving exon 11. A PDGFRA gene mutation (exon 18) was identified in one case. Even if follow-up data were not available for all cases, four cases with documented abdominal metastases displayed c-KIT mutations. These data confirm that c-KIT exon 11 mutations occur frequently in canine GISTs, and identify the presence of a PDGFRA mutation similar to human GISTs. This study also suggests a potential association of c-KIT mutation with more aggressive biological behavior.
Keywords	carcinogenesis ; digestive tract ; dogs ; exons ; gastrointestinal system ; humans ; immunohistochemistry ; mutation ; mutational analysis ; proto-oncogenes ; receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0721
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci9070376
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Airway Remodeling in Feline Lungs

D'Annunzio, Giulia / Gobbo, Francesca / Avallone, Giancarlo / Bacci, Barbara / Sabattini, Silvia / Sarli, Giuseppe

Topics in companion animal medicine. 2022 Jan., Feb., v. 46

2022

Abstract: Airway remodeling encompass structural changes that occur as the result of chronic injury and lead to persistently altered airway structure and function. Although this process is known in several human respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic ... ...

Abstract	Airway remodeling encompass structural changes that occur as the result of chronic injury and lead to persistently altered airway structure and function. Although this process is known in several human respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airway remodeling is poorly characterized in the feline counterpart. In this study, we describe the spontaneous pulmonary changes in 3 cats paralleling the airway remodeling reported in humans. We observed airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) hyperplasia (peribronchial and interstitial), airway subepithelial and interstitial fibrosis, and vascular remodeling by increased number of vessels in the bronchial submucosa. The hyperplastic ASMCs co-expressed α-SMA, vimentin and desmin suggesting that vimentin, which is not normally expressed by ASMCs, may play a role in airway thickening, and remodeling. ASMCs had strong cytoplasmic expression of TGFβ-1, which is known to contribute to tissue remodeling in asthma and in various bronchial and interstitial lung diseases, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of ASMCs hyperplasia. Our findings provide histologic evidence of airway remodeling in cats. Further studies on larger caseloads are needed to support our conclusions on the value of this feline condition as an animal model for nonspecific airway remodeling in humans.
Keywords	animal models ; asthma ; cats ; desmin ; fibrosis ; histology ; humans ; hyperplasia ; lungs ; medicine ; pathogenesis ; pets ; smooth muscle ; vimentin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1938-9736
DOI	10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Mutational Analysis of

Morini, Maria / Gentilini, Fabio / Turba, Maria Elena / Gobbo, Francesca / Mandrioli, Luciana / Bettini, Giuliano

Veterinary sciences

2022 Volume 9, Issue 7

Abstract	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci9070376
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse.

Zamith Cunha, Rodrigo / Semprini, Alberto / Salamanca, Giulia / Gobbo, Francesca / Morini, Maria / Pickles, Kirstie J / Roberts, Veronica / Chiocchetti, Roberto

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 21

Abstract: Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression ... ...

Abstract	Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Neurons and glial cells were identified using fluorescent Nissl staining NeuroTrace
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Horses ; Animals ; Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism ; Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Cannabinoid ; PPAR gamma ; TRPV Cation Channels
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242115949
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology in Severe Equine Asthma: Cytocentrifugated versus Sediment Smear Preparations.

Morini, Maria / Gobbo, Francesca / Rinnovati, Riccardo / Romagnoli, Noemi / Peli, Angelo / Massarenti, Chiara / Spadari, Alessandro / Pietra, Marco

Veterinary sciences

2023 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Equine asthma is a common respiratory disease that may affect horses of any age. The diagnosis of severe equine asthma (SEA) (historically referred as recurrent airway obstruction or RAO) is based mainly on the history of the animal and clinical signs, ... ...

Abstract	Equine asthma is a common respiratory disease that may affect horses of any age. The diagnosis of severe equine asthma (SEA) (historically referred as recurrent airway obstruction or RAO) is based mainly on the history of the animal and clinical signs, which are further supported by the cytological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). This can also be helpful in monitoring the inflammation of the lower airways in response to environmental management and medication. The cytocentrifugated preparation is usually considered the method of choice for BAL cytological interpretation. The aim of this study was to compare the results in terms of differential cell counts (DCC) in BAL cytology performed on sedimented smears and cytocentrifugated preparations. To carry this out, 48 BAL samples were collected from six horses with SEA that were subjected to a process of exacerbation of the disease by environmental stimuli, which was later followed by the appropriate treatment. Each collected BAL fluid was equally divided into duplicate portions: one processed by cytocentrifugation and one by sediment smear from simple centrifugation. Cytologic examination of all BAL by both methods showed poor concordance in DCC, although it was still able to allow diagnostic recognition of severe lung neutrophilic disorders. These results suggest that sediment smear preparation, although remaining a useful method in general equine practice associated with clinical assessments in the diagnosis of SEA under conditions where there is no possibility of using a cytocentrifuge, cannot be considered a comparable alternative.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci10080527
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Double Histochemical/Immunohistochemical Staining for the Identification of Canine Mast Cells in Light Microscopy

Gobbo, Francesca / Sarli, Giuseppe / De Silva, Margherita / Galiazzo, Giorgia / Chiocchetti, Roberto / Morini, Maria

Veterinary sciences. 2021 Oct. 12, v. 8, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology, but the simultaneous analysis of more than one antibody at a time with different chromogens is rather complex, time-consuming, and quite expensive. In order to facilitate the ... ...

Abstract	Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology, but the simultaneous analysis of more than one antibody at a time with different chromogens is rather complex, time-consuming, and quite expensive. In order to facilitate the identification of mast cells (MCs) during immunohistochemical analysis of membrane and/or nuclear markers, we propose a new staining method that includes the association of IHC and toluidine blue as a counterstain. To achieve this goal, we tested c-kit, Ki67, and cannabinoid receptor 2 on several cases of cutaneous canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), cutaneous mastocytosis, and atopic dermatitis. The results obtained show how this double staining technique, although limited to non-cytoplasmic markers and of little use in poorly differentiated MCTs in which MC metachromasia is hard to see, can be used during the evaluation of nuclear and/or membranous immunohistochemical markers in all canine cutaneous disorders, especially if characterized by the presence of a low number of MCs. It can help to evaluate those MCTs in which neoplastic MCs must be clearly distinguished from inflammatory cells that can infiltrate the tumor itself, in facilitating the calculation of the Ki67 index. Moreover, it can be used to study the expression of new markers in both animal and human tissues containing MCs and in MC disorders.
Keywords	antibodies ; atopic dermatitis ; cannabinoid receptors ; dogs ; humans ; immunohistochemistry ; light microscopy ; mast cells ; neoplasms ; toluidine blue
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1012
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci8100229
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Role of Pathology in the Diagnosis of Swine Respiratory Disease

Sarli, Giuseppe / D’Annunzio, Giulia / Gobbo, Francesca / Benazzi, Cinzia / Ostanello, Fabio

Veterinary sciences. 2021 Oct. 29, v. 8, no. 11

2021

Abstract: The definition “porcine respiratory disease complex” (PRDC) is used to indicate the current approach for presenting respiratory pathology in modern pig farming. PRDC includes pneumonias with variable pictures, mixed with both aerogenous and hematogenous ... ...

Abstract	The definition “porcine respiratory disease complex” (PRDC) is used to indicate the current approach for presenting respiratory pathology in modern pig farming. PRDC includes pneumonias with variable pictures, mixed with both aerogenous and hematogenous forms with variable etiology, often multimicrobial, and influenced by environmental and management factors. The notion that many etiological agents of swine respiratory pathology are ubiquitous in the airways is commonly understood; however, their isolation or identification is not always associable with the current pathology. In this complex context, lung lesions registered at slaughterhouse or during necropsy, and supplemented by histological investigations, must be considered as powerful tools for assigning a prominent role to etiologic agents. In recent years, the goal of colocalizing causative agents with the lesions they produce has been frequently applied, and valid examples in routine diagnostics are those that indicate pulmonary involvement during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections.
Keywords	Porcine circovirus-2 ; histology ; lungs ; necropsy ; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ; respiratory tract diseases ; slaughterhouses ; swine ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1029
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci8110256
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Airway Remodeling in Feline Lungs.

D'Annunzio, Giulia / Gobbo, Francesca / Avallone, Giancarlo / Bacci, Barbara / Sabattini, Silvia / Sarli, Giuseppe

Topics in companion animal medicine

2021 Volume 46, Page(s) 100587

Abstract	Airway remodeling encompass structural changes that occur as the result of chronic injury and lead to persistently altered airway structure and function. Although this process is known in several human respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airway remodeling is poorly characterized in the feline counterpart. In this study, we describe the spontaneous pulmonary changes in 3 cats paralleling the airway remodeling reported in humans. We observed airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) hyperplasia (peribronchial and interstitial), airway subepithelial and interstitial fibrosis, and vascular remodeling by increased number of vessels in the bronchial submucosa. The hyperplastic ASMCs co-expressed α-SMA, vimentin and desmin suggesting that vimentin, which is not normally expressed by ASMCs, may play a role in airway thickening, and remodeling. ASMCs had strong cytoplasmic expression of TGFβ-1, which is known to contribute to tissue remodeling in asthma and in various bronchial and interstitial lung diseases, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of ASMCs hyperplasia. Our findings provide histologic evidence of airway remodeling in cats. Further studies on larger caseloads are needed to support our conclusions on the value of this feline condition as an animal model for nonspecific airway remodeling in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Airway Remodeling ; Animals ; Asthma/veterinary ; Cat Diseases ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1946-9837
ISSN (online)	1946-9837
DOI	10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Role of Pathology in the Diagnosis of Swine Respiratory Disease.

Sarli, Giuseppe / D'Annunzio, Giulia / Gobbo, Francesca / Benazzi, Cinzia / Ostanello, Fabio

Veterinary sciences

2021 Volume 8, Issue 11

Abstract: The definition "porcine respiratory disease complex" (PRDC) is used to indicate the current approach for presenting respiratory pathology in modern pig farming. PRDC includes pneumonias with variable pictures, mixed with both aerogenous and hematogenous ... ...

Abstract	The definition "porcine respiratory disease complex" (PRDC) is used to indicate the current approach for presenting respiratory pathology in modern pig farming. PRDC includes pneumonias with variable pictures, mixed with both aerogenous and hematogenous forms with variable etiology, often multimicrobial, and influenced by environmental and management factors. The notion that many etiological agents of swine respiratory pathology are ubiquitous in the airways is commonly understood; however, their isolation or identification is not always associable with the current pathology. In this complex context, lung lesions registered at slaughterhouse or during necropsy, and supplemented by histological investigations, must be considered as powerful tools for assigning a prominent role to etiologic agents. In recent years, the goal of colocalizing causative agents with the lesions they produce has been frequently applied, and valid examples in routine diagnostics are those that indicate pulmonary involvement during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci8110256
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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