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  1. Article ; Online: Factors associated with prospective changes in weight control intentions among adolescents.

    Lucibello, Kristen M / Gohari, Mahmood R / Leatherdale, Scott T / Patte, Karen A

    Journal of adolescence

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: The present study examined predictors of negative changes in weight control intentions from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents.: Methods: Participants were Canadian secondary school students enrolled in the COMPASS ...

    Abstract Introduction: The present study examined predictors of negative changes in weight control intentions from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents.
    Methods: Participants were Canadian secondary school students enrolled in the COMPASS study and had completed self-report surveys before (T1; 2018/2019 and/or 2019/2020 school year) and during (T2; 2020/2021 and/or 2021/2022) the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 11,869, M
    Results: Over one-third (37.0%) of adolescents who reported wanting to stay the same weight at T1 changed their intention to lose or gain weight at T2, as did 28.5% of adolescents who reported not wanting to do anything about their weight at T1. Changing weight control intention from "not doing anything about weight" at T1 to weight gain/loss at T2 was associated with resistance training, emotion dysregulation, bullying, social media use, and gender. Changing weight control intention from "stay the same weight" at T1 to weight gain/loss at T2 was associated with gender, perceived financial comfort, social media use, and flourishing.
    Conclusions: Results highlight the prevalence of maladaptive weight control intention changes among adolescents, and elucidate related behavioral, interpersonal, demographic, and psychological factors. Findings can inform targeted intervention and prevention strategies to disrupt maladaptive changes in weight control intentions among high-risk subgroups.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 303529-3
    ISSN 1095-9254 ; 0140-1971
    ISSN (online) 1095-9254
    ISSN 0140-1971
    DOI 10.1002/jad.12307
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Evaluating the One-Year Impact of School e-Cigarette Use Interventions among Current Youth e-Cigarette Users in the COMPASS Study, 2017/18-2018/19.

    Cole, Adam G / Gohari, Mahmood R / Leatherdale, Scott T

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 14

    Abstract: There is a lack of evidence for the impact of school-based e-cigarette interventions among current e-cigarette users. This natural experimental evaluation study evaluated the one-year impact of various school-based e-cigarette prevention/cessation ... ...

    Abstract There is a lack of evidence for the impact of school-based e-cigarette interventions among current e-cigarette users. This natural experimental evaluation study evaluated the one-year impact of various school-based e-cigarette prevention/cessation programs among a sample of current youth e-cigarette users. The COMPASS study sample included
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Vaping ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Tobacco Products ; Schools ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20146353
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  3. Article ; Online: Inequitable Changes in School Connectedness During the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic in a Cohort of Canadian Adolescents.

    Patte, Karen A / Gohari, Mahmood R / Faulkner, Guy / Bélanger, Richard E / Leatherdale, Scott T

    The Journal of school health

    2024  Volume 94, Issue 6, Page(s) 509–518

    Abstract: Background: We examined whether subgroups of adolescents experienced disparate changes in school connectedness-a robust predictor of multiple health outcomes-from before the COVID-19 pandemic to the first full school year following pandemic onset.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: We examined whether subgroups of adolescents experienced disparate changes in school connectedness-a robust predictor of multiple health outcomes-from before the COVID-19 pandemic to the first full school year following pandemic onset.
    Methods: We used 2 waves of prospective survey data from 7178 students attending 41 Canadian secondary schools that participated during the 2019-2020 (T1; pre-COVID-19 onset) and 2020-2021 (T2; ongoing pandemic) school years. Fixed effects analyses tested differences in school connectedness changes by gender, race, bullying victimization, socioeconomic position, and school learning mode.
    Results: Relatively greater declines in school connectedness were reported by students that identified as females, were bullied, perceived their family to be less financially comfortable than their classmates, and attended schools in lower income areas. Marginally greater school connectedness declines resulted among students attending schools that were fully online at T2 than those at schools using a blended model.
    Conclusion: Results point to disparate school connectedness declines during the pandemic, which may exacerbate pre-existing health inequities by gender and socioeconomic position, and among bullied youth.
    Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity: Effective strategies to improve school climates for equity denied groups are critical for pandemic recovery and preparedness for future related events.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Canada/epidemiology ; Schools ; Bullying/psychology ; Bullying/statistics & numerical data ; Students/psychology ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 952835-0
    ISSN 1746-1561 ; 0022-4391
    ISSN (online) 1746-1561
    ISSN 0022-4391
    DOI 10.1111/josh.13443
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  4. Article: Dynamic Changes in Drinking Behaviour among Subpopulations of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study.

    Gohari, Mahmood R / Varatharajan, Thepikaa / MacKillop, James / Leatherdale, Scott T

    Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 13

    Abstract: Objective: Youth drinking is highly heterogenous, and subpopulations representing different alcohol use patterns may have responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined changing patterns of alcohol use in subpopulations of the youth ...

    Abstract Objective: Youth drinking is highly heterogenous, and subpopulations representing different alcohol use patterns may have responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined changing patterns of alcohol use in subpopulations of the youth population over the first two years of the pandemic.
    Method: We used linked survey data from 5367 Canadian secondary school students who participated in three consecutive waves of the COMPASS study between 2018/19 and 2020/21. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to identify patterns of alcohol use based on the frequency of drinking and frequency of binge drinking and to estimate the probability of transitioning between identified patterns.
    Results: LTA identified five patterns of alcohol use each representing a unique subpopulation: abstainer, occasional drinker-no binging, occasional binge drinker, monthly binge drinker, weekly binge drinker. Probability of being engaged in binge drinking for a subpopulation of occasional drinkers pre-pandemic was 61%, which reduced to 43% during the early-pandemic period. A lower proportion of occasional binge drinkers reported moving to monthly or weekly binge drinking. Female occasional drinkers were more likely to move to binge drinking patterns during the pandemic than males.
    Conclusions: Less frequent drinking and younger students were more likely to reduce their drinking and binge drinking than more established drinkers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding of heterogenous patterns of alcohol drinking and different responses to public health crises may inform future preventive programs tailored to target subpopulations more effectively.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2721009-1
    ISSN 2227-9032
    ISSN 2227-9032
    DOI 10.3390/healthcare11131945
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  5. Article ; Online: Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on youth Alcohol Consumption: longitudinal Changes From Pre-to Intra-pandemic Drinking in the COMPASS Study.

    Gohari, Mahmood R / Varatharajan, Thepikaa / MacKillop, James / Leatherdale, Scott T

    The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 6, Page(s) 665–672

    Abstract: Purpose: To date, there are few longitudinal studies on the COVID-19 pandemic's ongoing impact on youth drinking. This study examines the changes in drinking during two phases of the pandemic in a sample of Canadian youth.: Methods: We used four-year ...

    Abstract Purpose: To date, there are few longitudinal studies on the COVID-19 pandemic's ongoing impact on youth drinking. This study examines the changes in drinking during two phases of the pandemic in a sample of Canadian youth.
    Methods: We used four-year longitudinal data from the COMPASS study, including 14,085 secondary school students from Quebec and Ontario, Canada who provided linked data for any two consecutive years between 2017/18 and 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) waves, and 2019/20 and 2020/21 (during the initial and ongoing pandemic). A difference-in-difference (D-I-D) model was used to compare changes in the frequency of drinking and binge drinking between pre-COVID-19 to initial- and ongoing-pandemic period, while adjusted for age-related effects.
    Results: The expected escalation in the frequency of drinking and binge drinking from the pre-pandemic wave (2018/19) to the initial pandemic (2019/20) was less than the changes seen across the 2017/18 to 2018/19 waves among sex and age groups. However, the second year of COVID was associated with an increase in the frequencies of both drinking and binge drinking. Male and younger students (aged 12-14) differentially increased their consumption.
    Discussion: After a reduction in the initial pandemic period, the frequency of drinking and binge drinking rebounded in the second year, indicating that the pandemic's effects are not singular and have changed over time. Further examination is needed to understand the ongoing effects of the pandemic by continuing to monitor drinking in youth toward informing public health measures and harm reduction strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Male ; Humans ; Underage Drinking ; Binge Drinking/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Ontario/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063374-1
    ISSN 1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
    ISSN (online) 1879-1972
    ISSN 1054-139X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.07.007
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  6. Article ; Online: Reciprocal associations between positive emotions and resilience predict flourishing among adolescents.

    Gilchrist, Jenna D / Gohari, Mahmood R / Benson, Lizbeth / Patte, Karen A / Leatherdale, Scott T

    Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 7, Page(s) 313–320

    Abstract: Introduction: The broaden and build theory of positive emotions maintains that positive emotions serve to broaden individuals' thoughts and behaviours, resulting in the accrual of resources (e.g. resilience) that catalyze upward spirals of well-being. ... ...

    Title translation Les associations réciproques entre émotions positives et résilience prédisent l’épanouissement chez les adolescents.
    Abstract Introduction: The broaden and build theory of positive emotions maintains that positive emotions serve to broaden individuals' thoughts and behaviours, resulting in the accrual of resources (e.g. resilience) that catalyze upward spirals of well-being. However, there is a relative dearth of research examining the upward spiral hypothesis in the context of adolescence.
    Methods: Adolescents (n = 4064) in participating Canadian high schools were surveyed annually for three years as part of the COMPASS study. Reciprocal associations between positive emotions and resilience were examined as predictors of flourishing.
    Results: Adolescents who experienced positive emotions more frequently than usual reported higher levels of resilience one year later. Similarly, adolescents who had higher levels of resilience than usual reported more positive emotions the following year. Higher than usual levels of resilience and positive emotions positively predicted flourishing.
    Conclusion: Positive emotions result in a cascade of beneficial outcomes including increased resilience and enhanced well-being, catalyzing an upward spiral towards flourishing. Opportunities to enhance positive emotions early on in adolescence may help build resources that can set students on the path towards increased well-being.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Emotions ; Canada ; Schools ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language French
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2368-738X
    ISSN (online) 2368-738X
    DOI 10.24095/hpcdp.43.7.01
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  7. Article ; Online: An Examination of Bidirectional Associations Between Alcohol Use and Internalizing Symptoms Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Gohari, Mahmood R / Patte, Karen A / MacKillop, James / Waloszek, Alana / Leatherdale, Scott T

    The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

    2023  Volume 74, Issue 4, Page(s) 739–746

    Abstract: Purpose: This study explores the bidirectional association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use over three years of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine whether alcohol consumption is associated with higher internalizing symptoms in the next year ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study explores the bidirectional association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use over three years of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine whether alcohol consumption is associated with higher internalizing symptoms in the next year and vice versa.
    Methods: We used linked data from a sample of 2,136 secondary school students who participated in three consecutive waves (2019-2020 [T1], 2020-2021 [T2], and 2021-2022 [T3]) of the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour study during the pandemic. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to characterize reciprocal linear relations between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use.
    Results: The findings suggest that students who reported higher levels of alcohol use at T1 experienced increased levels of depression and anxiety in the subsequent year (T2). However, this association was not observed from T2 to T3. Throughout the three-year period, depression and anxiety were not associated with later alcohol use. In males, alcohol use at T1 was a predictor of higher internalizing symptoms at T2 but not from T2 to T3.
    Discussion: These results suggest time-sensitive impacts and notable gender differences in the relationship between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use over the pandemic. Given the complexity of impacts, ongoing evaluation of the impact of the pandemic on youth health behaviours is necessary to elucidate these unfolding relationships, especially as the pandemic continues to affect various psychosocial risk factors.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology ; Pandemics ; Longitudinal Studies ; COVID-19 ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063374-1
    ISSN 1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
    ISSN (online) 1879-1972
    ISSN 1054-139X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.026
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  8. Article ; Online: The association between single and dual use of cannabis and alcohol and driving under the influence and riding with an impaired driver in a large sample of Canadian adolescents.

    Gohari, Mahmood R / Patte, Karen A / Elton-Marshall, Tara / Cole, Adam / Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie / Bélanger, Richard / Leatherdale, Scott T

    Traffic injury prevention

    2024  , Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Objective: Dual use of cannabis and alcohol has increased in adolescents, but limited research has examined how it relates to impaired driving or riding with an impaired driver (IDR) compared to single substance use. This study aimed to examine the odds ...

    Abstract Objective: Dual use of cannabis and alcohol has increased in adolescents, but limited research has examined how it relates to impaired driving or riding with an impaired driver (IDR) compared to single substance use. This study aimed to examine the odds of alcohol- and/or cannabis-IDR among adolescents based on their use of alcohol and/or cannabis, and whether associations differed by gender and age.
    Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were used from a sample of 69,621 students attending 182 Canadian secondary schools in the 2021/22 school year. Multilevel logistic regression estimated the odds of exclusive alcohol-IDR, exclusive cannabis-IDR, and both alcohol and cannabis IDR (alcohol-cannabis-IDR). Substance use interactions with gender and age were tested.
    Results: Overall, 14.7% of participants reported IDR; 7.5% reported exclusive alcohol-IDR, 3.2% reported exclusive cannabis-IDR, 4.0% reported alcohol-cannabis-IDR, and 7.4% were unsure if they had experienced IDR. The prevalence of IDR varied across substance use groups, 8.0% among nonuse, 21.9% among alcohol-only use, 35.9% among cannabis-only use, and 49.6% among dual use groups. Gender diverse, older, and students with lower socioeconomic status exhibited a higher likelihood of reporting alcohol-cannabis-IDR. Dual use was significantly associated with 9.5 times higher odds of alcohol-cannabis-IDR compared to alcohol-only use, and 3.0 times higher odds compared to cannabis-only use. Dual use was also associated with an increased likelihood of either alcohol- or cannabis-IDR.
    Conclusions: This study highlights that all students, regardless of substance use, are at risk of IDR, but students engaged in dual use of alcohol and cannabis face an elevated risk compared to both peers who do not use substances and those who use only a single substance. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions that address the risks associated with IDR.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2089818-6
    ISSN 1538-957X ; 1538-9588
    ISSN (online) 1538-957X
    ISSN 1538-9588
    DOI 10.1080/15389588.2024.2342571
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  9. Article ; Online: A longitudinal examination of alcohol cessation and academic outcomes among a sample of Canadian secondary school students.

    Gohari, Mahmood R / Zuckermann, Alexandra M E / Leatherdale, Scott T

    Addictive behaviors

    2021  Volume 118, Page(s) 106882

    Abstract: Introduction: The negative effects of alcohol consumption on learning ability and intellectual development of youth may be recovered after cessation. This study explored to what extent reduction or complete cessation of alcohol consumption affects ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The negative effects of alcohol consumption on learning ability and intellectual development of youth may be recovered after cessation. This study explored to what extent reduction or complete cessation of alcohol consumption affects school performance of secondary school students.
    Methods: Alcohol use was self-reported by 37,223 grade 9-12 students attending 89 secondary schools across Ontario (n = 79) and Alberta (n = 10), Canada, participating in the COMPASS study over four years (school years 2013-14 to 2016-17). Measures included past-year frequency of drinking and frequency of binge drinking. A first-order autoregressive multinomial logistic regression was used to establish the impact of reduction or cessation of alcohol use on school performance.
    Results: During follow-up, 1465 (6.4%) reductions and 1903 (8.3%) cessations in alcohol consumption, and 1447 (10.1%) reductions and 2147 (14.9%) cessations of binge drinking were reported. Male students reported more cessation in both drinking (9.7% male vs 7.1% female) and binge drinking (15.6% male vs 14.4% female), though female students had higher rates of reductions. Students who quit or reduced their drinking or binge drinking were less likely to skip classes, leave their homework incomplete, or expect to get or to aspire to educational qualifications above a high school diploma compared to those who continued their alcohol use.
    Conclusions: Aside from health benefits, reduction or cessation of alcohol use may improve students' academic rigor. Prioritising school-based alcohol prevention efforts may therefore be beneficial for aspects of academic performance.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Binge Drinking/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ontario ; Schools ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197618-7
    ISSN 1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
    ISSN (online) 1873-6327
    ISSN 0306-4603
    DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106882
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  10. Article ; Online: Changes in cannabis use modes among Canadian youth across recreational cannabis legalization: Data from the COMPASS prospective cohort study.

    Zuckermann, Alexandra M E / Gohari, Mahmood R / Romano, Isabella / Leatherdale, Scott T

    Addictive behaviors

    2021  Volume 122, Page(s) 107025

    Abstract: Introduction: Canadian youth consume cannabis in multiple ways, including by smoking, vaping, and eating or drinking. Existing evidence suggests that these behaviours may change after law liberalization, though data regarding youth are scarce. We ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Canadian youth consume cannabis in multiple ways, including by smoking, vaping, and eating or drinking. Existing evidence suggests that these behaviours may change after law liberalization, though data regarding youth are scarce. We investigated changes in cannabis modes of use and associated factors across the federal legalization of recreational cannabis use for adults in Canada, among a large sample of underage youth before alternative products were made legally available.
    Methods: Data were available from 2953 longitudinally linked Canadian high school students who reported on their cannabis use during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 school years. We explored whether students maintained a single or multiple cannabis use mode(s), contracted, or expanded the number of modes used. We then used generalized estimating equations to analyse associations of baseline characteristics with use mode trajectory.
    Results: Expansion of cannabis use modes (42.3%) was more common than maintenance of a single mode (31.3%), maintenance of multiple modes (14.3%), or reduction (12.1%). Students who maintained multiple modes were significantly more likely to have high amounts of weekly spending money (AOR 1.68), to binge drink (AOR 2.25) or vape (AOR 1.99), to use cannabis regularly (AOR 2.67), and to endorse more symptoms of depression (AOR 1.06). School support for quitting tobacco, drug, or alcohol use appeared to have no effect.
    Conclusions: Multi-modal cannabis use increased among Canadian youth in our sample. Its association with other substance use and depressive symptoms may indicate clustering of additional harms. Screening for this use pattern may assist in identifying high-risk substance use and should be considered in the design of harm reduction programming.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Canada/epidemiology ; Cannabis ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Prospective Studies ; Vaping
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197618-7
    ISSN 1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
    ISSN (online) 1873-6327
    ISSN 0306-4603
    DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107025
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