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Article ; Online: Next-generation epidemiologic cohorts for cancer aetiology.

Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Cheng, Iona

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 93–94

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Risk Factors ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2062767-1
ISSN	1474-1768 ; 1474-175X
ISSN (online)	1474-1768
ISSN	1474-175X
DOI	10.1038/s41568-023-00652-9
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Article ; Online: Cancer Incidence by Race and Immigration Status in Canada: Value of Enhanced Sociodemographic Data for Disease Surveillance.

Withrow, Diana R / Gomez, Scarlett Lin

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2023 Volume 32, Issue 7, Page(s) 876–878

Abstract: Metrics of cancer burden stratified by race can inform tailored prevention strategies. Examining how these metrics, such as incidence, vary by immigration status can provide insight into the drivers of differential cancer risk by race. The conduct of ... ...

Abstract	Metrics of cancer burden stratified by race can inform tailored prevention strategies. Examining how these metrics, such as incidence, vary by immigration status can provide insight into the drivers of differential cancer risk by race. The conduct of such analyses in Canada has historically been hindered by a lack of sociodemographic data in routine health data sources, including cancer registries. In their recent study, Malagón and colleagues overcome this challenge by using National Cancer Registry data linked to self-reported race and place of birth from the Canadian census. The study provides estimates of cancer incidence for 19 cancer sites across more than 10 racial groups. Compared with the total population, they found that cancer risk tended to be lower among persons belonging to non-White, non-Indigenous racial groups. Exceptions were stomach, liver, and thyroid cancers where incidence rates were higher in minority groups than in the White population. For some cancers and racial groups, incidence was lower irrespective of immigration status, suggesting the healthy immigrant effect may be sustained across generations or that other factors are also at play. The results highlight potential areas for deeper inquiry and underscore the value of sociodemographic data for disease surveillance. See related article by Malagón et al., p. 906.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Incidence ; Emigration and Immigration ; Canada/epidemiology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Information Storage and Retrieval
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0326
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Article ; Online: Is representation enough or should we be targeting equitable inclusion?

Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Tsai, Chiaojung Jillian

Nature reviews. Clinical oncology

2022 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 429–430

MeSH term(s)	Health Services Accessibility ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2491410-1
ISSN	1759-4782 ; 1759-4774
ISSN (online)	1759-4782
ISSN	1759-4774
DOI	10.1038/s41571-022-00635-z
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Article ; Online: Cancer among Immigrants: Diverse Histories, Diverse Disparities, Diverse Opportunities to Promote Equity.

Dee, Edward Christopher / Gomez, Scarlett Lin

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2022 Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 1251–1253

Abstract: Immigrants-people who live in a country different from their country of birth-constitute approximately 250 million people globally. Migrants are diverse in their reasons for immigration, ranging from those who are forced to flee their home country for ... ...

Abstract	Immigrants-people who live in a country different from their country of birth-constitute approximately 250 million people globally. Migrants are diverse in their reasons for immigration, ranging from those who are forced to flee their home country for survival, to those seeking a better life. Migrants face diverse barriers in access to care. Therefore, it is critical in the context of cancer health to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of cancer amongst migrants to inform policy, screening, and management. In this issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Yu and colleagues evaluate patterns in the incidence of infection-associated cancers-cancers of the stomach, liver, and cervix-amongst migrants in Australia. They demonstrate that the incidence of infection-related cancers is heterogeneous amongst immigrant populations, underscoring the value of studies that disaggregate groups in ways that reflect the diversity amongst these groups. In this editorial, we contextualize the work of Yu and colleagues in the setting of studies exploring cancer health amongst migrants in various parts of the world. We call attention to disparities in risk factors, prevention, screening, and access to care. Finally, we call on the research and medical communities to work to elucidate their diverse stories, understand their diverse disparities, and act upon diverse opportunities to promote equity. See related article by Yu et al., p. 1394.
MeSH term(s)	Australia/epidemiology ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Transients and Migrants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0337
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Article ; Online: Toward Achieving Health Equity - ASPO's 2022 Annual Meeting March 13-15, 2022 Marriott University Park, Tucson, Arizona.

Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Patierno, Steven R

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2021 Volume 30, Issue 11, Page(s) 2140

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1081
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Article ; Online: The Unrelenting Impact of Poverty on Cancer: Structural Inequities Call for Research and Solutions on Structural Determinants.

Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Shariff-Marco, Salma / Cheng, Iona

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

2022 Volume 114, Issue 6, Page(s) 783–784

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Poverty ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2992-0
ISSN	1460-2105 ; 0027-8874 ; 0198-0157
ISSN (online)	1460-2105
ISSN	0027-8874 ; 0198-0157
DOI	10.1093/jnci/djac040
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Article ; Online: Commentary: Racism and structural violence: Interconnected threats to health equity.

Abdiwahab, Ekland / Guan, Alice / Hong, Cindy / Gomez, Scarlett Lin

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 958436

MeSH term(s)	Health Equity ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Public Health ; Racism ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.958436
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Article ; Online: Relative impact of genetic ancestry and neighborhood socioeconomic status on all-cause mortality in self-identified African Americans.

Iyer, Hari S / Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Cheng, Iona / Rebbeck, Timothy R

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273735

Abstract: Self-identified race/ethnicity is a correlate of both genetic ancestry and socioeconomic factors, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in mortality. Investigators often hold a priori assumptions, rarely made explicit, regarding the relative ...

Abstract	Self-identified race/ethnicity is a correlate of both genetic ancestry and socioeconomic factors, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in mortality. Investigators often hold a priori assumptions, rarely made explicit, regarding the relative importance of these factors. We studied 2,239 self-identified African Americans (SIAA) from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian screening trial enrolled from 1993-1998 and followed prospectively until 2019 or until death, whichever came first. Percent African genetic ancestry was estimated using the GRAF-Pop distance-based method. A neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) index was estimated using census tract measures of income, housing, and employment and linked to participant residence in 2012. We used Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to represent causal models favoring (1) biomedical and (2) social causes of mortality. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and neighborhood covariates guided by each DAG. 901 deaths occurred over 40,767 person-years of follow-up. In unadjusted (biomedical) models, a 10% increase in percent African ancestry was associated with a 7% higher rate of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12). This effect was attenuated in covariate adjusted (social) models (aHR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.06). Mortality was lower comparing participants in the highest to lowest nSES quintile following adjustment for covariates and ancestry (aHR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.98, Ptrend = 0.017). Higher African ancestry and lower nSES were associated with higher mortality, but African ancestry was not associated with mortality following covariate adjustment. Socioeconomic factors may be more important drivers of mortality in African Americans.
MeSH term(s)	African Americans/genetics ; Ethnicity ; Humans ; Male ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273735
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Article ; Online: Non-small cell lung cancer disparities in stage at presentation and treatment for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander women.

Hong, Ji Hyun / Swami, Nishwant / Dee, Edward Christopher / Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Lam, Miranda B

Journal of surgical oncology

2023 Volume 127, Issue 5, Page(s) 882–890

Abstract: Background and objectives: Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) represent the fastest-growing group in the United States. While described in aggregate, great variations exist within the community. We aimed to determine ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) represent the fastest-growing group in the United States. While described in aggregate, great variations exist within the community. We aimed to determine whether there were differences in stage at presentation and treatment status among AANHPI women with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Between 2004 and 2016, we identified 522 361 female patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC from the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to define adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of presenting with stage IV disease and not receiving treatment. Results: AANHPI women were more likely to present with stage IV disease compared to White (54.32% vs. 40.28%, p < 0.001). Aside from Hawaiian, Pakistani, and Hmong women, all other ethnic groups had greater odds of presenting with stage IV disease than White women. AANHPI women <65 years were more likely to present with stage IV disease (p = 0.030). Only Vietnamese women showed a significant difference (aOR = 1.30 [1.06-1.58], p = 0.010) for likelihood of receiving treatment compared to White. Conclusions: Differences in stage at presentation and treatment status in women with NSCLC were observed among AANHPI ethnic groups when populations were disaggregated.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/etiology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/ethnology ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; United States/epidemiology ; Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	82063-5
ISSN	1096-9098 ; 0022-4790
ISSN (online)	1096-9098
ISSN	0022-4790
DOI	10.1002/jso.27204
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Article ; Online: Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic Populations: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Need to Make Progress?

Fejerman, Laura / Ramirez, Amelie G / Nápoles, Anna María / Gomez, Scarlett Lin / Stern, Mariana C

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2022 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 932–941

Abstract: The Hispanic/Latino(x) population (H/L) in the United States of America is heterogeneous and fast growing. Cancer is the number one cause of death among H/Ls, accounting for 21% of deaths. Whereas for the most common cancers, incidence rates are lower in ...

Abstract	The Hispanic/Latino(x) population (H/L) in the United States of America is heterogeneous and fast growing. Cancer is the number one cause of death among H/Ls, accounting for 21% of deaths. Whereas for the most common cancers, incidence rates are lower in H/Ls compared with non-H/L White (NHW) individuals, H/Ls have a higher incidence of liver, stomach, cervical, penile, and gallbladder cancers. H/L patients tend to be diagnosed at more advanced stages for breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers, and melanoma compared with NHW individuals. Etiologic and cancer outcomes research among H/Ls lags other populations. In this review, we provide a summary of challenges, opportunities, and research priorities related to cancer etiology, cancer outcomes, and survivorship to make progress in addressing scientific gaps. Briefly, we prioritize the need for more research on determinants of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to liver cancer, stomach and gallbladder cancers, and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We emphasize the need to improve cancer screening, early detection of cancer, and survivorship care. We highlight critical resources needed to make progress in cancer epidemiologic studies among H/L populations, including the importance of training the next generation of cancer epidemiologists conducting research in H/Ls.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Hispanic or Latino ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; Male ; Melanoma ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Survivorship ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1303
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