Article ; Online: ESX-3 secretion system in Mycobacterium: An overview.
2023 Volume 216, Page(s) 46–55
Abstract: Mycobacteria are microorganisms distributed in the environment worldwide, and some of them, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. leprae, are pathogenic. The hydrophobic mycobacterial cell envelope has low permeation and bacteria need to export ... ...
| Abstract | Mycobacteria are microorganisms distributed in the environment worldwide, and some of them, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. leprae, are pathogenic. The hydrophobic mycobacterial cell envelope has low permeation and bacteria need to export products across their structure. Mycobacteria possess specialized protein secretion systems, such as the Early Secretory Antigenic Target 6 secretion (ESX) system. Five ESX loci have been described in M. tuberculosis, called ESX-1 to ESX-5. The ESX-3 secretion system has been associated with mycobacterial metabolism and growth. The locus of this system is highly conserved across mycobacterial species. Metallo-proteins regulate negative ESX-3 transcription in high conditions of iron and zinc. Moreover, this secretion system is part of an antioxidant regulatory pathway linked to Zinc. EccA3, EccB3, EccC3, EccD3, and EccE3 are components of the ESX-3 secretion machinery, whereas EsxG-EsxH, PE5-PPE4, and PE15-PPE20 are proteins secreted by this system. In addition, EspG3 and MycP3 are complementary proteins involved in transport and proteolysis respectively. This system is associated to mycobacterial virulence by releasing the bacteria from the phagosome and inhibiting endomembrane damage response. Furthermore, components of this system inhibit the host immune response by reducing the recognition of M. tuberculosis-infected cells. The components of the ESX-3 secretion system play a role in drug resistance and cell wall integrity. Moreover, the expression data of this system indicated that external and internal factors affect ESX-3 locus expression. This review provides an overview of new findings on the ESX-3 secretion system, its regulation, expression, and functions. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Type VII Secretion Systems/genetics ; Type VII Secretion Systems/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism ; Tuberculosis ; Zinc/metabolism |
| Chemical Substances | Type VII Secretion Systems ; Bacterial Proteins ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2023-10-23 |
| Publishing country | France |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 120345-9 |
| ISSN | 1638-6183 ; 0300-9084 |
| ISSN (online) | 1638-6183 |
| ISSN | 0300-9084 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.013 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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