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  1. Article ; Online: Givosiran - Running RNA Interference to Fight Porphyria Attacks.

    Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    The New England journal of medicine

    2020  Volume 382, Issue 24, Page(s) 2366–2367

    MeSH term(s) Acetylgalactosamine/analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent ; Porphyrias ; Pyrrolidines ; RNA Interference ; RNAi Therapeutics ; Running
    Chemical Substances Pyrrolidines ; Acetylgalactosamine (KM15WK8O5T) ; givosiran (ROV204583W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMe2010986
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Gene therapy for liver diseases - progress and challenges.

    Zabaleta, Nerea / Unzu, Carmen / Weber, Nicholas D / Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) 288–305

    Abstract: Gene therapy is poised to revolutionize modern medicine, with seemingly unlimited potential for treating and curing genetic disorders. For otherwise incurable indications, including most inherited metabolic liver disorders, gene therapy provides a ... ...

    Abstract Gene therapy is poised to revolutionize modern medicine, with seemingly unlimited potential for treating and curing genetic disorders. For otherwise incurable indications, including most inherited metabolic liver disorders, gene therapy provides a realistic therapeutic option. In this Review, we discuss gene supplementation and gene editing involving the use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors for the treatment of inherited liver diseases, including updates on several ongoing clinical trials that are producing promising results. Clinical testing has been essential in highlighting many key translational challenges associated with this transformative therapy. In particular, the interaction of a patient's immune system with the vector raises issues of safety and the duration of treatment efficacy. Furthermore, several serious adverse events after the administration of high doses of rAAVs suggest greater involvement of innate immune responses and pre-existing hepatic conditions than initially anticipated. Finally, permanent modification of the host genome associated with rAAV genome integration and gene editing raises concerns about the risk of oncogenicity that require careful evaluation. We summarize the main progress, challenges and pathways forward for gene therapy for liver diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Genetic Vectors ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Liver Diseases/genetics ; Liver Diseases/therapy ; Immunity, Innate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2493722-8
    ISSN 1759-5053 ; 1759-5045
    ISSN (online) 1759-5053
    ISSN 1759-5045
    DOI 10.1038/s41575-022-00729-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Deciphering the Role of Post-Translational Modifications and Cellular Location of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) Antigens in HDV-Mediated Liver Damage in Mice.

    Maestro, Sheila / Gomez-Echarte, Nahia / Camps, Gracian / Usai, Carla / Olagüe, Cristina / Vales, Africa / Aldabe, Rafael / Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    Viruses

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 3

    Abstract: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. We have shown that the delivery of HDV replication-competent genomes to the hepatocytes using adeno-associated virus (AAV-HDV) as gene delivery vehicles offers ... ...

    Abstract Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. We have shown that the delivery of HDV replication-competent genomes to the hepatocytes using adeno-associated virus (AAV-HDV) as gene delivery vehicles offers a unique platform to investigate the molecular aspects of HDV and associated liver damage. For the purpose of this study, we generated HDV genomes modified by site-directed mutagenesis aimed to (i) prevent some post-translational modifications of HDV antigens (HDAgs) such as large-HDAg (L-HDAg) isoprenylation or short-HDAg (S-HDAg) phosphorylation; (ii) alter the localization of HDAgs within the subcellular compartments; and (iii) inhibit the right conformation of the delta ribozyme. First, the different HDV mutants were tested in vitro using plasmid-transfected Huh-7 cells and then in vivo in C57BL/6 mice using AAV vectors. We found that Ser177 phosphorylation and ribozymal activity are essential for HDV replication and HDAg expression. Mutations of the isoprenylation domain prevented the formation of infectious particles and increased cellular toxicity and liver damage. Furthermore, altering HDAg intracellular localization notably decreased viral replication, though liver damage remained unchanged versus normal HDAg distribution. In addition, a mutation in the nuclear export signal impaired the formation of infectious viral particles. These findings contribute valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms of HDV biology and have implications for therapeutic considerations.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Hepatitis delta Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis delta Antigens/metabolism ; Hepatitis Delta Virus ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Virus Replication/genetics ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Liver/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Hepatitis delta Antigens ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v16030379
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Novel Etiologic and Pathogenic Therapies Based on RNA Transfer to the Liver.

    Prieto, Jesus / Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

    2019  Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 1061–1063

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 604603-4
    ISSN 1527-3350 ; 0270-9139
    ISSN (online) 1527-3350
    ISSN 0270-9139
    DOI 10.1002/hep.30678
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Spanish Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.

    González Aseguinolaza, Gloria / Izeta, Ander / Martin Molina, Francisco

    Human gene therapy

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 23-24, Page(s) 1425–1426

    MeSH term(s) Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Spain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1028152-6
    ISSN 1557-7422 ; 1043-0342
    ISSN (online) 1557-7422
    ISSN 1043-0342
    DOI 10.1089/hum.2021.29190.gga
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: mRNA and gene editing: Late breaking therapies in liver diseases.

    Zabaleta, Nerea / Torella, Laura / Weber, Nicholas D / Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

    2022  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) 869–887

    Abstract: The efficient delivery of RNA molecules to restore the expression of a missing or inadequately functioning protein in a target cell and the intentional specific modification of the host genome using engineered nucleases represent therapeutic concepts ... ...

    Abstract The efficient delivery of RNA molecules to restore the expression of a missing or inadequately functioning protein in a target cell and the intentional specific modification of the host genome using engineered nucleases represent therapeutic concepts that are revolutionizing modern medicine. The initiation of several clinical trials using these approaches to treat metabolic liver disorders as well as the recently reported remarkable results obtained by patients with transthyretin amyloidosis highlight the advances in this field and show the potential of these therapies to treat these diseases safely and efficaciously. These advances have been possible due, firstly, to significant improvements made in RNA chemistry that increase its stability and prevent activation of the innate immune response and, secondly, to the development of very efficient liver-targeted RNA delivery systems. In parallel, the breakout of CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9-based technology in the gene editing field has marked a turning point in in vivo modification of the cellular genome with therapeutic purposes, which can be based on gene supplementation, correction, or silencing. In the coming years we are likely to witness the therapeutic potential of these two strategies both separately and in combination. In this review we summarize the preclinical data obtained in animal models treated with mRNA as a therapeutic agent and discuss the different gene editing strategies applied to the treatment of liver diseases, highlighting both their therapeutic efficacy as well as safety concerns.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Gene Editing/methods ; Liver Diseases/genetics ; Liver Diseases/therapy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604603-4
    ISSN 1527-3350 ; 0270-9139
    ISSN (online) 1527-3350
    ISSN 0270-9139
    DOI 10.1002/hep.32441
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Comment on "Synthetic human ABCB4 mRNA therapy rescues severe liver disease phenotype in a BALB/c.Abcb4

    Weber, Nicholas D / Martínez-García, Javier / González-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    Journal of hepatology

    2021  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) 749–751

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605953-3
    ISSN 1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
    ISSN (online) 1600-0641
    ISSN 0168-8278
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.033
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  8. Article: Gene Therapy for Acquired and Genetic Cholestasis.

    Martínez-García, Javier / Molina, Angie / González-Aseguinolaza, Gloria / Weber, Nicholas D / Smerdou, Cristian

    Biomedicines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: Cholestatic diseases can be caused by the dysfunction of transporters involved in hepatobiliary circulation. Although pharmacological treatments constitute the current standard of care for these diseases, none are curative, with liver transplantation ... ...

    Abstract Cholestatic diseases can be caused by the dysfunction of transporters involved in hepatobiliary circulation. Although pharmacological treatments constitute the current standard of care for these diseases, none are curative, with liver transplantation being the only long-term solution for severe cholestasis, albeit with many disadvantages. Liver-directed gene therapy has shown promising results in clinical trials for genetic diseases, and it could constitute a potential new therapeutic approach for cholestatic diseases. Many preclinical gene therapy studies have shown positive results in animal models of both acquired and genetic cholestasis. The delivery of genes that reduce apoptosis or fibrosis or improve bile flow has shown therapeutic effects in rodents in which cholestasis was induced by drugs or bile duct ligation. Most studies targeting inherited cholestasis, such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), have focused on supplementing a correct version of a mutated gene to the liver using viral or non-viral vectors in order to achieve expression of the therapeutic protein. These strategies have generated promising results in treating PFIC3 in mouse models of the disease. However, important challenges remain in translating this therapy to the clinic, as well as in developing gene therapy strategies for other types of acquired and genetic cholestasis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10061238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Understanding and Tackling Immune Responses to Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors.

    Costa-Verdera, Helena / Unzu, Carmen / Valeri, Erika / Adriouch, Sahil / González Aseguinolaza, Gloria / Mingozzi, Federico / Kajaste-Rudnitski, Anna

    Human gene therapy

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 17-18, Page(s) 836–852

    Abstract: As the clinical experience in adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-based gene therapies is expanding, the necessity to better understand and control the host immune responses is also increasing. Immunogenicity of AAV vectors in humans has been linked to ... ...

    Abstract As the clinical experience in adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-based gene therapies is expanding, the necessity to better understand and control the host immune responses is also increasing. Immunogenicity of AAV vectors in humans has been linked to several limitations of the platform, including lack of efficacy due to antibody-mediated neutralization, tissue inflammation, loss of transgene expression, and in some cases, complement activation and acute toxicities. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of immune responses to AAV gene therapies, further hampered by the failure of preclinical animal models to recapitulate clinical findings. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge regarding immune responses, spanning from innate immunity to humoral and adaptive responses, triggered by AAV vectors and how they can be mitigated for safer, durable, and more effective gene therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Complement Activation ; Immunity, Innate ; Genetic Therapy ; Inflammation ; Models, Animal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1028152-6
    ISSN 1557-7422 ; 1043-0342
    ISSN (online) 1557-7422
    ISSN 1043-0342
    DOI 10.1089/hum.2023.119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Protective role of RIPK1 scaffolding against HDV-induced hepatocyte cell death and the significance of cytokines in mice.

    Camps, Gracián / Maestro, Sheila / Torella, Laura / Herrero, Diego / Usai, Carla / Bilbao-Arribas, Martin / Aldaz, Ana / Olagüe, Cristina / Vales, Africa / Suárez-Amarán, Lester / Aldabe, Rafael / Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, Gloria

    PLoS pathogens

    2024  Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) e1011749

    Abstract: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of human viral hepatitis; however, the mechanisms underlying its pathology remain incompletely understood. We recently developed an HDV mouse model by injecting adeno-associated viral ... ...

    Abstract Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection represents the most severe form of human viral hepatitis; however, the mechanisms underlying its pathology remain incompletely understood. We recently developed an HDV mouse model by injecting adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) containing replication-competent HBV and HDV genomes. This model replicates many features of human infection, including liver injury. Notably, the extent of liver damage can be diminished with anti-TNF-α treatment. Here, we found that TNF-α is mainly produced by macrophages. Downstream of the TNF-α receptor (TNFR), the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) serves as a cell fate regulator, playing roles in both cell survival and death pathways. In this study, we explored the function of RIPK1 and other host factors in HDV-induced cell death. We determined that the scaffolding function of RIPK1, and not its kinase activity, offers partial protection against HDV-induced apoptosis. A reduction in RIPK1 expression in hepatocytes through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing significantly intensifies HDV-induced damage. Contrary to our expectations, the protective effect of RIPK1 was not linked to TNF-α or macrophage activation, as their absence did not alter the extent of damage. Intriguingly, in the absence of RIPK1, macrophages confer a protective role. However, in animals unresponsive to type-I IFNs, RIPK1 downregulation did not exacerbate the damage, suggesting RIPK1's role in shielding hepatocytes from type-I IFN-induced cell death. Interestingly, while the damage extent is similar between IFNAR KO and WT mice in terms of transaminase elevation, their cell death mechanisms differ. In conclusion, our findings reveal that HDV-induced type-I IFN production is central to inducing hepatocyte death, and RIPK1's scaffolding function offers protective benefits. Thus, type-I IFN together with TNF-α, contribute to HDV-induced liver damage. These insights may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate HDV-induced liver damage and halt disease progression.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7374
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011749
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