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Article ; Online: Solving Equations of Motion by Using Monte Carlo Metropolis: Novel Method Via Random Paths Sampling and the Maximum Caliber Principle.

González Diaz, Diego / Davis, Sergio / Curilef, Sergio

2020 Volume 22, Issue 9

Abstract: A permanent challenge in physics and other disciplines is to solve Euler-Lagrange equations. Thereby, a beneficial investigation is to continue searching for new procedures to perform this task. A novel Monte Carlo Metropolis framework is presented for ... ...

Abstract	A permanent challenge in physics and other disciplines is to solve Euler-Lagrange equations. Thereby, a beneficial investigation is to continue searching for new procedures to perform this task. A novel Monte Carlo Metropolis framework is presented for solving the equations of motion in Lagrangian systems. The implementation lies in sampling the path space with a probability functional obtained by using the maximum caliber principle. Free particle and harmonic oscillator problems are numerically implemented by sampling the path space for a given action by using Monte Carlo simulations. The average path converges to the solution of the equation of motion from classical mechanics, analogously as a canonical system is sampled for a given energy by computing the average state, finding the least energy state. Thus, this procedure can be general enough to solve other differential equations in physics and a useful tool to calculate the time-dependent properties of dynamical systems in order to understand the non-equilibrium behavior of statistical mechanical systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2014734-X
ISSN	1099-4300 ; 1099-4300
ISSN (online)	1099-4300
ISSN	1099-4300
DOI	10.3390/e22090916
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Book ; Online: Humanoid Self-Collision Avoidance Using Whole-Body Control with Control Barrier Functions

Khazoom, Charles / Gonzalez-Diaz, Daniel / Ding, Yanran / Kim, Sangbae

2022

Abstract: This work combines control barrier functions (CBFs) with a whole-body controller to enable self-collision avoidance for the MIT Humanoid. Existing reactive controllers for self-collision avoidance cannot guarantee collision-free trajectories as they do ... ...

Abstract	This work combines control barrier functions (CBFs) with a whole-body controller to enable self-collision avoidance for the MIT Humanoid. Existing reactive controllers for self-collision avoidance cannot guarantee collision-free trajectories as they do not leverage the robot's full dynamics, thus compromising kinematic feasibility. In comparison, the proposed CBF-WBC controller can reason about the robot's underactuated dynamics in real-time to guarantee collision-free motions. The effectiveness of this approach is validated in simulation. First, a simple hand-reaching experiment shows that the CBF-WBC enables the robot's hand to deviate from an infeasible reference trajectory to avoid self-collisions. Second, the CBF-WBC is combined with a linear model predictive controller (LMPC) designed for dynamic locomotion, and the CBF-WBC is used to track the LMPC predictions. A centroidal angular momentum task is also used to generate arm motions that assist humanoid locomotion and disturbance recovery. Walking experiments show that CBFs allow the centroidal angular momentum task to generate feasible arm motions and avoid leg self-collisions when the footstep location or swing trajectory provided by the high-level planner are infeasible for the real robot. Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: A new imaging technology based on Compton X-ray scattering.

Saá Hernández, Ángela / González-Díaz, Diego / Villanueva, Pablo / Azevedo, Carlos / Seoane, Marcos

Journal of synchrotron radiation

2021 Volume 28, Issue Pt 5, Page(s) 1558–1572

Abstract: A feasible implementation of a novel X-ray detector for highly energetic X-ray photons with a large solid angle coverage, optimal for the detection of Compton X-ray scattered photons, is described. The device consists of a 20 cm-thick sensitive volume ... ...

Abstract	A feasible implementation of a novel X-ray detector for highly energetic X-ray photons with a large solid angle coverage, optimal for the detection of Compton X-ray scattered photons, is described. The device consists of a 20 cm-thick sensitive volume filled with xenon at atmospheric pressure. When the Compton-scattered photons interact with the xenon, the released photoelectrons create clouds of secondary ionization, which are imaged using the electroluminescence produced in a custom-made multi-hole acrylic structure. Photon-by-photon counting can be achieved by processing the resulting image, taken in a continuous readout mode. Based on Geant4 simulations, by considering a realistic detector design and response, it is shown that photon rates up to at least 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2021413-3
ISSN	1600-5775 ; 0909-0495
ISSN (online)	1600-5775
ISSN	0909-0495
DOI	10.1107/S1600577521005919
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Book ; Online: Development of Fe$_2$O$_3$/YSZ ceramic plates for cryogenic operation of resistive-protected gaseous detectors

Olano-Vegas, L. / Pardo, I. / Leardini, S. / Morales, M. / Carreira, A. R. / Corral, R. M. / González-Díaz, D. / Tesi, A. / Moleri, L. / Azevedo, C. D. R. / Carramate, L. / Guitián, F.

2023

Abstract: We present a ceramic material based on hematite (Fe$_2$O$_3$) and zirconia stabilized with yttria at 8% molar (YSZ), that exhibits stable electrical properties with transported charge and that can be tuned to the resistivities necessary to induce spark- ... ...

Abstract	We present a ceramic material based on hematite (Fe$_2$O$_3$) and zirconia stabilized with yttria at 8% molar (YSZ), that exhibits stable electrical properties with transported charge and that can be tuned to the resistivities necessary to induce spark-quenching in gaseous detectors ($\rho = 10^9-10^{12}$ $\Omega \cdot$cm), from room temperature down to the liquid-vapor coexistence point of nitrogen (77 K). It, thus, allows covering the operating temperatures of most immediate interest to gaseous instrumentation. The ceramics have been produced in a region of mass concentrations far from what has been usually explored in literature: optimal characteristics are achieved for Fe$_2$O$_3$ concentrations of 75%wt (LAr boiling temperature), 35%wt (LXe boiling temperature), and 100%wt (room temperature). The nine order of magnitude enhancement observed for the electrical conductivity of the mixed phases relative to that of pure Fe$_2$O$_3$ is startling, however it can be qualitatively understood based on existing literature. Plates of 4 cm x 4 cm have been manufactured and, prior to this work, operated in-detector at the LXe boiling point (165 K), demonstrating spark-free operation. Preliminary results obtained for the first time on a spark-protected amplification structure (RP-WELL) at around the LAr boiling point (90 K) are now presented, too.
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: First results of Resistive-Plate Well (RPWELL) detector operation at 163 K

Roy, A. / Morales, M. / Israelashvili, I. / Breskin, A. / Bressler, S. / Gonzalez-Diaz, D. / Pecharromán, C. / Shchemelinin, S. / Vartsky, D. / Arazi, L.

2019

Abstract: We present for the first time, discharge-free operation at cryogenic conditions of a Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector. It is a single-sided Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM) coupled to a readout anode via a plate of high bulk resistivity. ... ...

Abstract	We present for the first time, discharge-free operation at cryogenic conditions of a Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector. It is a single-sided Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM) coupled to a readout anode via a plate of high bulk resistivity. The results of single- and double-stage RPWELL detectors operated in stable conditions in Ne/5$\%$CH$_{4}$ at 163 K are summarized. The RPWELL comprised a ferric-based (Fe$^{3+}$) ceramic composite ("Fe-ceramic") as the resistive plate, of volume resistivity $\sim$$10^{11}$ $\Omega$$\cdot$cm at this temperature. Gains of $\sim$$10^{4}$ and $\sim$$10^{5}$ were reached with the single-stage RPWELL, with 6 keV X-rays and single UV-photons, respectively. The double-stage detector, a THGEM followed by the RPWELL, reached gains $\sim$$10^{5}$ and $\sim$$10^{6}$ with X-rays and single UV-photons, respectively. The results were obtained with and without a CsI photocathode on the first multiplying element. Potential applications at these cryogenic conditions are discussed. Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to JINST
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2019-07-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Micromegas-TPC operation at high pressure in xenon-trimethylamine mixtures

Cebrián, S. / Dafni, T. / Ferrer-Ribas, E. / Giomataris, I. / Gonzalez-Diaz, D. / Gómez, H. / Herrera, D. C. / Iguaz, F. J. / Irastorza, I. G. / Luzon, G. / Rodríguez, A. / Segui, L. / Tomás, A.

2012

Abstract: In this work we present a systematic study of Micromegas detectors in high pressure gaseous Xenon using trimethylamine (TMA) as quencher gas. Gas gains and energy resolutions for 22.1 keV X-rays are measured for pressures between 1 and 10 bar and various ...

Abstract	In this work we present a systematic study of Micromegas detectors in high pressure gaseous Xenon using trimethylamine (TMA) as quencher gas. Gas gains and energy resolutions for 22.1 keV X-rays are measured for pressures between 1 and 10 bar and various relative concentrations of TMA from 0.3 % to 15 %. We observe stable operation at all pressures, and a strongly enhanced gas gain, suggestive of Penning-like energy-transfer processes. The effect is present at all pressures and it is strongest at TMA concentrations ranging from 1.5 % to 3 %. Operating in this concentration range, the maximum gain reached values as high as x10^3 (x10^2) at 1 (10) bar. Besides, the energy resolution achievable for 22.1 keV X-rays is substantially better than the one previously obtained in pure Xe, going down to 7.3 % (9.6 %) FWHM for 1 (10) bar. These results are of interest for calorimetric applications of high pressure gas Xe TPCs, in particular for the search of the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136. The resolutions achieved would extrapolate into 0.7 % (0.9 %) FWHM at the Qbb value of Xe-136 for 1 (10) bar.
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2012-10-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Sepsis severa como causa de falla renal aguda.

Díaz de León, M / Moreno, S A / González Díaz, D J / Briones, G J

Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia

2006 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 439–444

Abstract: Introduction: The most common causes of acute renal failure in the intensive care units are severe sepsis and septic shock. Mortality reported in this kind of patients is about 70%. The pathophysiology of acute renal failure in severe sepsis includes ... ...

Title translation	Severe sepsis as a cause of acute renal failure.
Abstract	Introduction: The most common causes of acute renal failure in the intensive care units are severe sepsis and septic shock. Mortality reported in this kind of patients is about 70%. The pathophysiology of acute renal failure in severe sepsis includes systemic hypotension, direct renal vasoconstriction, infiltration of the kidney by inflammatory cells, renal ischemia, intraglomerular thrombosis and intratubular obstruction. Objective: To show the incidence, mortality and histopathological etiology of acute renal failure in severe sepsis. TYPE STUDY: Retrospective, transversal and descriptive. Methods: We study 332 cases of patients with severe sepsis, who were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional, during five years. From these patients 107 developed acute renal failure due to severe sepsis. This group recived two differet kind of treatment, medical management (70%) and hemodyalisis (30%). Renal biopsy was taken in 40 patients after six or seven days of the diagnosis of acute renal failure caused by severe sepsis. Results: In the group of 332 patients with severe sepsis 107 developed acute renal failure, this represents the 32.22%. The group of patients with renal biopsy presented the following results: 50% had acute tubular necrosis, 27.5% presented glomerular and tubular lesion, the rest 22.5% had glomerular and vascular lesion. The mortality for patients treated with medical management was of 69.3%, and for those treated with hemodyalisis was of 28.1%. Discussion: Nowadays, and due to the high incidence and mortality of this disease, is very important to generate more concise knowledge about the genesis and development of acute renal failure in the septic patient.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis/complications ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2006
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632512-9
ISSN	1989-2284 ; 0211-6995
ISSN (online)	1989-2284
ISSN	0211-6995
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Article ; Online: Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging.

McDonald, A D / Jones, B J P / Nygren, D R / Adams, C / Álvarez, V / Azevedo, C D R / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J M / Borges, F I G M / Botas, A / Cárcel, S / Carrión, J V / Cebrián, S / Conde, C A N / Díaz, J / Diesburg, M / Escada, J / Esteve, R / Felkai, R / Fernandes, L M P /

Ferrario, P / Ferreira, A L / Freitas, E D C / Goldschmidt, A / Gómez-Cadenas, J J / González-Díaz, D / Gutiérrez, R M / Guenette, R / Hafidi, K / Hauptman, J / Henriques, C A O / Hernandez, A I / Hernando Morata, J A / Herrero, V / Johnston, S / Labarga, L / Laing, A / Lebrun, P / Liubarsky, I / López-March, N / Losada, M / Martín-Albo, J / Martínez-Lema, G / Martínez, A / Monrabal, F / Monteiro, C M B / Mora, F J / Moutinho, L M / Muñoz Vidal, J / Musti, M / Nebot-Guinot, M / Novella, P / Palmeiro, B / Para, A / Pérez, J / Querol, M / Repond, J / Renner, J / Riordan, S / Ripoll, L / Rodríguez, J / Rogers, L / Santos, F P / Dos Santos, J M F / Simón, A / Sofka, C / Sorel, M / Stiegler, T / Toledo, J F / Torrent, J / Tsamalaidze, Z / Veloso, J F C A / Webb, R / White, J T / Yahlali, N

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 120, Issue 13, Page(s) 132504

Abstract: A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. ...

Abstract	A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (∼2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9σ over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.132504
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Book ; Online: Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture

Martínez-Lema, G. / Martínez-Vara, M. / Sorel, M. / Adams, C. / Alvarez, V. / Arazi, L. / Arnquist, I. J. / Azevedo, C. D. R / Bailey, K. / Ballester, F. / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Byrnes, N. / Cárcel, S. / Carrión, J. V. / Cebrián, S. / Church, E. / Conde, C. A. N. / Contreras, T. /

Díaz, G. / Díaz, J. / Diesburg, M. / Escada, J. / Esteve, R. / Felkai, R. / Fernandes, A. F. M. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Generowicz, J. / Ghosh, S. / Goldschmidt, A. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / González-Díaz, D. / Guenette, R. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Haefner, J. / Hafidi, K. / Hauptman, J. / Henriques, C. A. O. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrero, P. / Herrero, V. / Ifergan, Y. / Johnston, S. / Jones, B. J. P. / Kekic, M. / Labarga, L. / Laing, A. / Lebrun, P. / López-March, N. / Losada, M. / Mano, R. D. P. / Martín-Albo, J. / Martínez, A. / McDonald, A. D. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / Novella, P. / Nygren, D. R. / Palmeiro, B. / Para, A. / Pérez, J. / Querol, M. / Redwine, A. B. / Renner, J. / Repond, J. / Riordan, S. / Ripoll, L. / García, Y. Rodríguez / Rodríguez, J. / Rogers, L. / Romeo, B. / Romo-Luque, C. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Stiegler, T. / Toledo, J. F. / Torrent, J. / Usón, A. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Webb, R. / Weiss-Babai, R. / White, J. T. / Woodruff, K. / Yahlali, N.

2020

Abstract: Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized ... ...

Abstract	Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture ($2\nu ECEC$) has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in $^{78}$Kr, $^{130}$Ba and, recently, $^{124}$Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process, $0\nu ECEC$. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to $^{124}$Xe $2\nu ECEC$ and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the $2\nu ECEC$ signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with $^{124}$Xe-depleted gas as background, we define an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of $^{124}$Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the $2\nu ECEC$ half-life of $6 \times 10^{22}$ y (at 90% confidence level) or better can be reached. Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures
Keywords	High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Nuclear Experiment ; Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2020-06-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Mitigation of Backgrounds from Cosmogenic $^{137}$Xe in Xenon Gas Experiments using $^{3}$He Neutron Capture

Rogers, L. / Jones, B. J. P. / Laing, A. / Pingulkar, S. / Woodruff, K. / Adams, C. / Álvarez, V. / Arazi, L. / Arnquist, I. J. / Azevedo, C. D. R / Bailey, K. / Ballester, F. / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Byrnes, N. / Cárcel, S. / Carrión, J. V. / Cebrián, S. / Church, E. /

Conde, C. A. N. / Contreras, T. / Díaz, G. / Díaz, J. / Diesburg, M. / Dingler, R. / Escada, J. / Esteve, R. / Felkai, R. / Fernandes, A. F. M. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Generowicz, J. / Ghosh, S. / Goldschmidt, A. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / González-Díaz, D. / Guenette, R. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Haefner, J. / Hafidi, K. / Hauptman, J. / Henriques, C. A. O. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrero, P. / Herrero, V. / Ifergan, Y. / Johnston, S. / Kekic, M. / Labarga, L. / Lebrun, P. / López-March, N. / Losada, M. / Mano, R. D. P. / Martín-Albo, J. / Martínez, A. / Martínez-Lema, G. / McDonald, A. D. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / Novella, P. / Nygren, D. R. / Palmeiro, B. / Para, A. / Pérez, J. / Querol, M. / Redwine, A. B. / Renner, J. / Repond, J. / Riordan, S. / Ripoll, L. / García, Y. Rodríguez / Rodríguez, J. / Romeo, B. / Romo-Luque, C. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Sorel, M. / Stiegler, T. / Toledo, J. F. / Torrent, J. / Usón, A. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Webb, R. / Weiss-Babai, R. / White, J. T. / Yahlali, N.

2020

Abstract: Xe{136} is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for \bbnonu. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that ... ...

Abstract	\Xe{136} is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for \bbnonu. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of \Xe{137} created by the capture of neutrons on \Xe{136}. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 minutes and a \Qb\ of $\sim$4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of \He{3} to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from \Xe{137} activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory.
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2020-01-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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