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Article ; Online: Construct Fluorescent Solid Lipid Nanoparticles from Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles to Study their Properties and Potential Applications as In Vivo and Invitro Imaging Agents.

Kaliyaperumal, Viswanathan / Manivannan, Vimal / Karuppanan, Chitra / Gopal, Dhinakar Raj / Muthusamy, Raman

2023

Abstract: In this study, the new solid lipid nanoparticles were created by combining fluorescent dye, fatty acid, lipid, and bacterial outer membranes. The synthesised particles were roughly 95-100 nm in size. Vero cells cultivated with these nanoparticles showed ... ...

Abstract	In this study, the new solid lipid nanoparticles were created by combining fluorescent dye, fatty acid, lipid, and bacterial outer membranes. The synthesised particles were roughly 95-100 nm in size. Vero cells cultivated with these nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity in 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In the cell uptake studies, the vero cell line was employed. Cell lines absorbed fluorescent solid lipid nanoparticles (FSL NPs) better, according to the findings. The confocal microscopy results revealed a significant accumulation of FSL NPs in the cytoplasm over time. The results of small animal imaging employing BALB/c mice revealed that the nanoparticles generated provided high contrast signals. Overall, the OMVs-based FSL NPs system offers a unique imaging tool for studying intracellular interactions as well as a viable tool for drug delivery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016892-5
ISSN	1573-4994 ; 1053-0509
ISSN (online)	1573-4994
ISSN	1053-0509
DOI	10.1007/s10895-023-03443-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Generation of single stranded DNA with selective affinity to bovine spermatozoa

Sivadasan Pathiyil Vinod / Rajamani Vignesh / Mani Priyanka / Krishnaswamy Gopalan Tirumurugaan / Salem Nagalingam Sivaselvam / Gopal Dhinakar Raj

Animal Bioscience, Vol 34, Iss 10, Pp 1579-

2021 Volume 1589

Abstract: Objective This study was conducted to generate single stranded DNA oligonucleotides with selective affinity to bovine spermatozoa, assess its binding potential and explore its potential utility in trapping spermatozoa from suspensions. Methods A ... ...

Abstract	Objective This study was conducted to generate single stranded DNA oligonucleotides with selective affinity to bovine spermatozoa, assess its binding potential and explore its potential utility in trapping spermatozoa from suspensions. Methods A combinatorial library of 94 mer long oligonucleotide was used for systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) with bovine spermatozoa. The amplicons from sixth and seventh rounds of SELEX were sequenced, and the reads were clustered employing cluster database at high identity with tolerance (CD-HIT) and FASTAptamer. The enriched nucleotides were predicted for secondary structures by Mfold, motifs by Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation and 5′ labelled with biotin/6-FAM to determine the binding potential and binding pattern. Results We generated 14.1 and 17.7 million reads from sixth and seventh rounds of SELEX respectively to bovine spermatozoa. The CD-HIT clustered 78,098 and 21,196 reads in the top ten clusters and FASTAptamer identified 2,195 and 4,405 unique sequences in the top three clusters from the sixth and seventh rounds, respectively. The identified oligonucleotides formed secondary structures with delta G values between −1.17 to −26.18 kcal/mol indicating varied stability. Confocal imaging with the oligonucleotides from the seventh round revealed different patterns of binding to bovine spermatozoa (fluorescence of the whole head, spot of fluorescence in head and mid- piece and tail). Use of a 5′-biotin tagged oligonucleotide from the sixth round at 100 pmol with 4×106 spermatozoa could trap almost 80% from the suspension. Conclusion The binding patterns and ability of the identified oligonucleotides confirms successful optimization of the SELEX process and generation of aptamers to bovine spermatozoa. These oligonucleotides provide a quick approach for selective capture of spermatozoa from complex samples. Future SELEX rounds with X- or Y- enriched sperm suspension will be used to generate oligonucleotides that bind to spermatozoa of a ...
Keywords	aptamers ; binding ; selective enrichment ; surface characteristics ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: One Health activities to reinforce intersectoral coordination at local levels in India.

Taaffe, Jessica / Sharma, Rajnish / Parthiban, Aravindh Babu R / Singh, Jaswinder / Kaur, Paviter / Singh, Balbir B / Gill, Jatinder P S / Gopal, Dhinakar Raj / Dhand, Navneet K / Parekh, Falgunee K

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1041447

Abstract: India's dense human and animal populations, agricultural economy, changing environment, and social dynamics support conditions for emergence/re-emergence of zoonotic diseases that necessitate a One Health (OH) approach for control. In addition to OH ... ...

Abstract	India's dense human and animal populations, agricultural economy, changing environment, and social dynamics support conditions for emergence/re-emergence of zoonotic diseases that necessitate a One Health (OH) approach for control. In addition to OH national level frameworks, effective OH driven strategies that promote local intersectoral coordination and collaboration are needed to truly address zoonotic diseases in India. We conducted a literature review to assess the landscape of OH activities at local levels in India that featured intersectoral coordination and collaboration and supplemented it with our own experience conducting OH related activities with local partners. We identified key themes and examples in local OH activities. Our landscape assessment demonstrated that intersectoral collaboration primarily occurs through specific research activities and during outbreaks, however, there is limited formal coordination among veterinary, medical, and environmental professionals on the day-to-day prevention and detection of zoonotic diseases at district/sub-district levels in India. Examples of local OH driven intersectoral coordination include the essential role of veterinarians in COVID-19 diagnostics, testing of human samples in veterinary labs for
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Child ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; One Health ; COVID-19 ; Zoonoses/prevention & control ; Leptospirosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1041447
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Article ; Online: A mathematical model to estimate percentage secondary infections from margin of error of diagnostic sensitivity: Useful tool for regulatory agencies to assess the risk of propagation due to false negative outcome of diagnostics

Palavesam, Azhahianambi / Kumaragurubaran, Karthik / R Parthiban, Aravindh Babu / TMA, Senthilkumar / Chidambaram, Balachandran / Gopal, Dhinakar Raj

medRxiv

Abstract: False negative outcome of a diagnosis is one the major reasons for the dissemination of the diseases with high risk of propagation. Diagnostic sensitivity and the margin of error determine the false negative outcome of the diagnosis. A mathematical model ...

Abstract	False negative outcome of a diagnosis is one the major reasons for the dissemination of the diseases with high risk of propagation. Diagnostic sensitivity and the margin of error determine the false negative outcome of the diagnosis. A mathematical model had been developed to estimate the mean % secondary infections based on the margin of error of diagnostic sensitivity, % prevalence and R0 value. This model recommends a diagnostic test with diagnostic sensitivity ≥ 96% and at least 92% lower bound limit of the 95% CI or ≤ 4% margin of error for a highly infectious diseases like COVID-19 to curb the secondary transmission of the infection due to false negative cases. Positive relationship was found between mean % secondary infection and margin of error of sensitivity suggesting greater the margin of error of a diagnostic test sensitivity, higher the number of secondary infections in a population due to false negative cases. Negative correlation was found between number of COVID-19 test kits (>90% sensitivity) with regulatory approval and margin of error (R= -0.92, p=0.023) suggesting lesser the margin of error of a diagnostic test, higher the chances of getting approved by the regulatory agencies.However, there are no specific regulatory standards available for margin of error of the diagnostic sensitivity of COVID-19 diagnostic tests. Highly infectious disease such as COVID-19, certainly need specific regulatory standards on margin of error or 95% CI of the diagnostic sensitivity to curb the dissemination of the disease due to false negative cases and our model can be used to set the standards such as sensitivity, margin of error or lower bound limit of 95% CI.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.01.29.21250804
Database	COVID19

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Article: Defined Antigen Skin Test for Bovine Tuberculosis Retains Specificity on Revaccination With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Subramanian, Saraswathi / Srinivasan, Sreenidhi / Ramaiyan Selvaraju, Kathiravan / Vinoli, Priyadharshini Michael / Selladurai, Suganya / Ramasamy, Boominathan / Kumaragurubaran, Karthik / Bakker, Douwe / Vordermeier, Martin / Kapur, Vivek / Gopal, Dhinakar Raj

Frontiers in veterinary science

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 814227

Abstract: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination provides partial protection against, and reduces severity of pathological lesions associated with bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle. Accumulating evidence also suggests that revaccination with BCG may be ... ...

Abstract	The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination provides partial protection against, and reduces severity of pathological lesions associated with bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle. Accumulating evidence also suggests that revaccination with BCG may be needed to enhance the duration of immune protection. Since BCG vaccine cross-reacts with traditional tuberculin-based diagnostic tests, a peptide-based defined antigen skin test (DST) comprising of ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c to detect the infected among the BCG-vaccinated animals (DIVA) was recently described. The DST reliably identifies bTB-infected animals in experimental challenge models and in natural infection settings, and differentiated these from animals immunized with a single dose of BCG in both skin tests and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The current investigation sought to assess the diagnostic specificity of DST in calves (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.814227
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Article ; Online: A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis

Sreenidhi Srinivasan / Andrew J. K. Conlan / Laurel A. Easterling / Christian Herrera / Premanshu Dandapat / Maroudam Veerasami / Gobena Ameni / Naresh Jindal / Gopal Dhinakar Raj / James Wood / Nick Juleff / Douwe Bakker / Martin Vordermeier / Vivek Kapur

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

Is Perfect the Enemy of Good?

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: More than 50 million cattle are likely exposed to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for bTB control strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and other regions where the disease remains endemic and test-and- ... ...

Abstract	More than 50 million cattle are likely exposed to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for bTB control strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and other regions where the disease remains endemic and test-and-slaughter approaches are unfeasible. While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was first developed as a vaccine for use in cattle even before its widespread use in humans, its efficacy against bTB remains poorly understood. To address this important knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the direct efficacy of BCG against bTB challenge in cattle, and performed scenario analyses with transmission dynamic models incorporating direct and indirect vaccinal effects (“herd-immunity”) to assess potential impact on herd level disease control. The analysis shows a relative risk of infection of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.82) in 1,902 vaccinates as compared with 1,667 controls, corresponding to a direct vaccine efficacy of 25% (95% CI: 18, 32). Importantly, scenario analyses considering both direct and indirect effects suggest that disease prevalence could be driven down close to Officially TB-Free (OTF) status (<0.1%), if BCG were introduced in the next 10-year time period in low to moderate (<15%) prevalence settings, and that 50–95% of cumulative cases may be averted over the next 50 years even in high (20–40%) disease burden settings with immediate implementation of BCG vaccination. Taken together, the analyses suggest that BCG vaccination may help accelerate control of bTB in endemic settings, particularly with early implementation in the face of dairy intensification in regions that currently lack effective bTB control programs.
Keywords	BCG vaccine ; bovine tuberculosis ; efficacy ; cattle ; control program ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Corrigendum

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis: Is Perfect the Enemy of Good?

2021 Volume 8

Keywords	BCG vaccine ; bovine tuberculosis ; efficacy ; cattle ; control program ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Formulation of Newcastle disease virus coupled calcium phosphate nanoparticles: An effective strategy for oculonasal delivery to chicken

Viswanathan, Kaliyaperumal / Gopal Dhinakar Raj / Vadivel Ponnuswamy Gopinath

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2014 Apr. 01, v. 116

2014

Abstract: In this report, calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles were synthesized by continuous flow method using Î²-cyclodextrin (Î²-CD) as a medium and functionalized with amino propyl triethoxy silane (APTES). The blood biocompatibility of the nanoparticles was ... ...

Abstract	In this report, calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles were synthesized by continuous flow method using Î²-cyclodextrin (Î²-CD) as a medium and functionalized with amino propyl triethoxy silane (APTES). The blood biocompatibility of the nanoparticles was assessed using the whole blood haemolysis, erythrocytes haemolysis and erythrocyte aggregation tests. Based on the results, we found that the synthesized Î²-CDâCaP nanoparticles did not cause any remarkable toxic effect. The 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of chicken peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) incubated with these nanoparticles indicated that these particles did not exert any significant cytotoxicity. The aminosilane functional group modified Î²-CDâCaP was used as tool for coupling of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The NDV conjugated nanoparticles were confirmed by using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Immunogenicity trials in chickens proved that Î²-CDâCaP-NDV used as a vaccine was better than the commercial vaccine when given oculonasally during the first 2 weeks post vaccination. The birds vaccinated with the above nano-NDV vaccine were completely protected against virulent NDV challenge. This study confirms that the oculonasal Î²-CDâCaP-NDV delivery of vaccines is a potential method for enhancing the immune responses of existing commercial vaccines.
Keywords	beta-cyclodextrin ; biocompatibility ; calcium phosphates ; chickens ; colloids ; cytotoxicity ; differential scanning calorimetry ; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis ; erythrocytes ; hemolysis ; immune response ; infrared spectroscopy ; mononuclear leukocytes ; nanoparticles ; Newcastle disease virus ; Raman spectroscopy ; vaccination ; vaccines ; virulence ; X-ray diffraction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0401
Size	p. 9-16.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1500523-9
ISSN	1873-4367 ; 0927-7765
ISSN (online)	1873-4367
ISSN	0927-7765
DOI	10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Fabrication of Progesterone-Loaded Nanofibers for the Drug Delivery Applications in Bovine.

Karuppannan, Chitra / Sivaraj, Mehnath / Kumar, J Ganesh / Seerangan, Rangasamy / Balasubramanian, S / Gopal, Dhinakar Raj

Nanoscale research letters

2017 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 116

Abstract: Progesterone is a potent drug for synchronization of the estrus and ovulation cycles in bovine. At present, the estrus cycle of bovine is controlled by the insertion of progesterone-embedded silicone bands. The disadvantage of nondegradable polymer ... ...

Abstract	Progesterone is a potent drug for synchronization of the estrus and ovulation cycles in bovine. At present, the estrus cycle of bovine is controlled by the insertion of progesterone-embedded silicone bands. The disadvantage of nondegradable polymer inserts is to require for disposal of these bands after their use. The study currently focuses on preparation of biodegradable progesterone-incorporated nanofiber for estrus synchronization. Three different concentrations (1.2, 1.9, and 2.5 g) of progesterone-impregnated nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning. The spun membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Uniform surface morphology, narrow size distribution, and interaction between progesterone and zein were confirmed by SEM. FTIR spectroscopy indicated miscibility and interaction between zein and progesterone. X-ray analysis indicated that the size of zein crystallites increased with progesterone content in nanofibers. Significant differences in thermal behavior of progesterone-impregnated nanofiber were observed by DSC. Cell viability studies of progesterone-loaded nanofiber were examined using MTT assay. In vitro release experiment is to identify the suitable progesterone concentration for estrus synchronization. This study confirms that progesterone-impregnated nanofibers are an ideal vehicle for progesterone delivery for estrus synchronization of bovines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253244-4
ISSN	1556-276X ; 1931-7573
ISSN (online)	1556-276X
ISSN	1931-7573
DOI	10.1186/s11671-016-1781-2
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Article: Emergence of PPR and its threat to Europe

Parida, Satya / Eda Altan / Gopal Dhinakar Raj / Mana Mahapatra / Murali Muniraju / Ratiba Baazizi

Small ruminant research. 2016 Sept., v. 142

2016

Abstract: PPR is an important infectious viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants, that threatens the food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers across Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Europe is free of the disease except in Thrace (European ... ...

Abstract	PPR is an important infectious viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants, that threatens the food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers across Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Europe is free of the disease except in Thrace (European part of Turkey) and Israel where outbreaks occur. Following the successful eradication of RPV, PPR has been targeted by the OIE and FAO as the next viral pathogen to be eradicated by 2030. However, the recent outbreaks in Northen Africa and Thrace (European part of Turkey) represent a significant threat to mainland Europe, as a source of disease spread. We have discussed here the emergence of PPR worldwide since its discovery with particular reference to the recent outbreaks in Northen Africa and Thrace, and the potential for spread of the disease into Europe.
Keywords	farmers ; Food and Agriculture Organization ; food security ; livelihood ; pathogens ; small ruminants ; Africa ; East Asia ; Israel ; Middle East ; Turkey (country)
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-09
Size	p. 16-21.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	286928-7
ISSN	0921-4488
ISSN	0921-4488
DOI	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.02.018
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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