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  1. Article ; Online: Hox genes in the pharyngeal region: how Hoxa3 controls early embryonic development of the pharyngeal organs.

    Gordon, Julie

    The International journal of developmental biology

    2019  Volume 62, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 775–783

    Abstract: The pharyngeal organs, namely the thyroid, thymus, parathyroids, and ultimobranchial bodies, derive from the pharyngeal endoderm during embryonic development. The pharyngeal region is a segmented structure comprised of a series of reiterated structures: ... ...

    Abstract The pharyngeal organs, namely the thyroid, thymus, parathyroids, and ultimobranchial bodies, derive from the pharyngeal endoderm during embryonic development. The pharyngeal region is a segmented structure comprised of a series of reiterated structures: the pharyngeal arches on the exterior surface, the pharyngeal pouches on the interior, and a mesenchymal core. It is well known that Hox genes control spatial identity along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing vertebrate embryo, and nowhere is this is more evident than in the pharyngeal region. Each of the distinct segmented regions has a unique pattern of Hox expression, which conveys crucial positional information to the cells and tissues within it. In the context of pharyngeal organ development, molecular data suggest that HOXA3 is responsible for specifying organ identity within the third pharyngeal pouch, and in its absence, thymus and parathyroid organogenesis fails to proceed normally. Recent studies comprising a series of Hoxa3 mutations identified specific spatial and temporal roles for HOXA3 in pharyngeal organ development, including both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous functions, revealing a system that is more complex than originally thought. Here, we will review the current understanding of the role of Hox genes in the early embryonic development of the pharyngeal organs in the mouse, with a particular focus on the function of HOXA3 in thymus and parathyroid organogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Branchial Region/embryology ; Branchial Region/metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Pharynx/embryology ; Pharynx/metabolism ; Pregnancy
    Chemical Substances Homeodomain Proteins ; Hoxa3 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-02
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1036070-0
    ISSN 1696-3547 ; 0214-6282
    ISSN (online) 1696-3547
    ISSN 0214-6282
    DOI 10.1387/ijdb.180284jg
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  2. Article: A call to action for more disability-inclusive health policy and systems research.

    Bailie, Jodie / Fortune, Nicola / Plunkett, Karleen / Gordon, Julie / Llewellyn, Gwynnyth

    BMJ global health

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 3

    Abstract: To date, the exclusion of people with disability participating in research has limited the evidence base informing health system strengthening policy and practice more generally, and addressing disability-related inequalities in access to health services ...

    Abstract To date, the exclusion of people with disability participating in research has limited the evidence base informing health system strengthening policy and practice more generally, and addressing disability-related inequalities in access to health services and better health outcomes more particularly. Given that more than 1 billion people, or 16% of the world's population, have a disability, we may fail to respond to the needs of a large proportion of the population unless we are purposeful with inclusion. Our research in this area indicates that online qualitative methods can be effective in engaging under-represented groups and are essential to ensure their input into health policy and systems research. This has important implications for researchers whose responsibility it is to make all health research disability inclusive, for ethical and methodological reasons, so they do not perpetuate the under-representation of people with disability in health policy and systems research. Our paper puts forward several recommendations to facilitate more people with disability participating in health policy and systems research. By critically reflecting on a health system strengthening research project, in which we purposefully aimed to support the participation of people with disability, we identify lessons learnt and issues to consider when planning and conducting accessible research. We also propose a set of actions for moving the agenda forward.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Disabled Persons ; Health Policy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2059-7908
    ISSN 2059-7908
    DOI 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011561
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  3. Article ; Online: Health Statistics in Australia: What We Know and Do Not Know.

    Madden, Richard / Fortune, Nicola / Gordon, Julie

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 9

    Abstract: Australia is a federation of six states and two territories (the States). These eight governmental entities share responsibility for health and health services with the Australian Government. Mortality statistics, including causes of death, have been ... ...

    Abstract Australia is a federation of six states and two territories (the States). These eight governmental entities share responsibility for health and health services with the Australian Government. Mortality statistics, including causes of death, have been collected since the late 19th century, with national data produced by the (now) Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from 1907. Each State introduced hospital in-patient statistics, assisted by State offices of the ABS. Beginning in the 1970s, the ABS conducts regular health surveys, including specific collections on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Overall, Australia now has a comprehensive array of health statistics, published regularly without political or commercial interference. Privacy and confidentiality are guaranteed by legislation. Data linkage has grown and become widespread. However, there are gaps, as papers in this issue demonstrate. Most notably, data on primary care patients and encounters reveal stark gaps. This paper accompanies a range of papers from expert authors across the health statistics spectrum in Australia. It is hoped that the collection of papers will inform interested readers and stand as a comprehensive review of the strengths and weaknesses of Australian health statistics in the early 2020s.
    MeSH term(s) Australia/epidemiology ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19094959
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  4. Article: Antimicrobial Effects of Equine Platelet Lysate.

    Gordon, Julie / Álvarez-Narváez, Sonsiray / Peroni, John F

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 703414

    Abstract: The development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotic strategies to combat those bacteria is an ever-present problem in both veterinary and human medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate platelet lysate (PL) as a ... ...

    Abstract The development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotic strategies to combat those bacteria is an ever-present problem in both veterinary and human medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate platelet lysate (PL) as a biological alternative antimicrobial product. Platelet lysate is an acellular platelet-derived product rich in growth factors and cytokines that is manufactured via plateletpheresis and pooled from donor horses. In the current study, we sought to define the antimicrobial properties of PL on select gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Results from an end-point
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2021.703414
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  5. Article ; Online: Under or over? General practitioner charging of Medicare.

    Harrison, Christopher / Gordon, Julie / Henderson, Joan / Miller, Graeme C / Britt, Helena

    Australian journal of general practice

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 4, Page(s) 220–224

    Abstract: Background and objectives: In 2022, media reports alleged that doctors, particularly general practitioners (GPs), are defrauding Medicare, claiming $8 billion lost through fraud/non-compliance. This study examined Medicare Benefits Schedule billing ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: In 2022, media reports alleged that doctors, particularly general practitioners (GPs), are defrauding Medicare, claiming $8 billion lost through fraud/non-compliance. This study examined Medicare Benefits Schedule billing patterns by consultation length to estimate overcharging or undercharging by GPs, and the cost/savings to Medicare.
    Method: A subset of data from the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program from 2013 to 2016, which included length of consultation information, was analysed.
    Results: Of 89,765 consultations, GPs undercharged 11.8% of consultations and overcharged 1.6%. Of the 2760 GPs sampled, 816 (29.6%) overcharged at least once and 2334 (84.6%) undercharged at least once. Of the GPs who overcharged at least once, 85.4% also undercharged. The total effect of GP undercharging and overcharging was a net saving of $351.7 million to Medicare.
    Discussion: This study shows that GPs undercharging and overcharging saved Medicare over one-third of a billion dollars in 2021-22. The findings of this study do not support the media claims of widespread fraud by GPs.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; United States ; Humans ; General Practitioners ; Medicare ; Referral and Consultation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-20
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2924889-9
    ISSN 2208-7958 ; 2208-794X
    ISSN (online) 2208-7958
    ISSN 2208-794X
    DOI 10.31128/AJGP-11-22-6624
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    Zs.B 2235: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Developing self-report disability questions for a voluntary patient registration form for general practice in Australia.

    Fortune, Nicola / Bailie, Jodie / Gordon, Julie / Plunkett, Karleen / Hargrave, Jen / Madden, Richard / Llewellyn, Gwynnyth

    Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

    2023  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 100032

    Abstract: Objective: This article reports on research undertaken to develop self-report disability questions for a patient registration form that may be implemented in general practices across Australia as part of a voluntary patient registration program.: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This article reports on research undertaken to develop self-report disability questions for a patient registration form that may be implemented in general practices across Australia as part of a voluntary patient registration program.
    Methods: There were four research components: rapid review of approaches for capturing disability information; expert informant interviews (n=19); stakeholder consultation via virtual focus groups (n=65); and online survey (n=35). Findings from each component informed development of materials for subsequent components in an iterative research process.
    Results: Three disability questions were developed: two alternative questions for identifying disability, conceptually aligned with the operational definition of disability in Australia's national disability survey; one question to determine the patient's disability group/s.
    Conclusions: Knowledge and perspectives from a variety of sources informed the development of self-report questions to identify patients with disability. Implementing these questions represents an opportunity to test new ways of capturing disability information suited to mainstream service provision contexts. It will be essential to evaluate the quality of the data produced during the initial period of implementation.
    Implications for public health: The collection of self-report patient disability information within general practice, using standard and conceptually-sound questions, has the potential to support improved provision of health care to patients with disability.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Australia ; Disabled Persons ; General Practice ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1323548-5
    ISSN 1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
    ISSN (online) 1753-6405
    ISSN 1326-0200
    DOI 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100032
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    Zs.A 1916: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Australian children's foot, ankle and leg problems in primary care: a secondary analysis of the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) data.

    Williams, Cylie M / Menz, Hylton B / Lazzarini, Peter A / Gordon, Julie / Harrison, Christopher

    BMJ open

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e062063

    Abstract: Objectives: To explore children's foot, ankle and leg consultation patterns and management practices in Australian primary care.: Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective study.: Setting: Australia Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program ...

    Abstract Objectives: To explore children's foot, ankle and leg consultation patterns and management practices in Australian primary care.
    Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective study.
    Setting: Australia Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program dataset.
    Participants: Data were extracted for general practitioners (GPs) and patients
    Main outcome measures: Demographic characteristics: sex, GP age groups (ie, <45, 45-54, 55+ years), GP country of training, patient age grouping (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-18 years), postcode, concession card status, indigenous status, up to three patient encounter reasons, up to four encounter problems/diagnoses and the clinical management actioned by the GP.
    Results: Children's foot, ankle or leg problems were managed at a rate of 2.05 (95% CI 1.99 to 2.11) per 100 encounters during 229 137 GP encounters with children. There was a significant increase in the rate of foot, ankle and leg problems managed per 100 children in the population, from 6.1 (95% CI 5.3 to 6.8) in 2005-2006 to 9.0 (95% CI 7.9 to 10.1) in 2015-2016. Management of children's foot, ankle and leg problems were independently associated with male patients (30% more than female), older children (15-18 years were 7.1 times more than <1 years), male GPs (13% more) and younger GPs (<45 years of age 13% more than 55+). The top four most frequently managed problems were injuries (755.9 per 100 000 encounters), infections (458.2), dermatological conditions (299.4) and unspecified pain (176.3). The most frequently managed problems differed according to age grouping.
    Conclusions: Children commonly present to GPs for foot, ankle and leg problems. Presentation frequencies varied according to age. Unexpectedly, conditions presenting commonly in adults, but rarely in children, were also frequently recorded. This data highlights the importance of initiatives supporting contemporary primary care knowledge of diagnoses and management of paediatric lower limb problems to minimise childhood burden of disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle ; Australia/epidemiology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leg ; Male ; Primary Health Care ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062063
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  8. Article ; Online: General Practice Statistics in Australia: Pushing a Round Peg into a Square Hole.

    Gordon, Julie / Britt, Helena / Miller, Graeme C / Henderson, Joan / Scott, Anthony / Harrison, Christopher

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 4

    Abstract: In Australia, general practice forms a core part of the health system, with general practitioners (GPs) having a gatekeeper role for patients to receive care from other health services. GPs manage the care of patients across their lifespan and have roles ...

    Abstract In Australia, general practice forms a core part of the health system, with general practitioners (GPs) having a gatekeeper role for patients to receive care from other health services. GPs manage the care of patients across their lifespan and have roles in preventive health care, chronic condition management, multimorbidity and population health. Most people in Australia see a GP once in any given year. Draft reforms have been released by the Australian Government that may change the model of general practice currently implemented in Australia. In order to quantify the impact and effectiveness of any implemented reforms in the future, reliable and valid data about general practice clinical activity over time, will be needed. In this context, this commentary outlines the historical and current approaches used to obtain general practice statistics in Australia and highlights the benefits and limitations of these approaches. The role of data generated from GP electronic health record extractions is discussed. A methodology to generate high quality statistics from Australian general practice in the future is presented.
    MeSH term(s) Australia/epidemiology ; Family Practice ; General Practice ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19041912
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  9. Article ; Online: Making everyone count: it is time to improve the visibility of people with disability in primary care.

    Bailie, Jodie / Fortune, Nicola / Gordon, Julie / Madden, Richard C / Llewellyn, Gwynnyth

    The Medical journal of Australia

    2022  Volume 217, Issue 4, Page(s) 173–175

    MeSH term(s) Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Primary Health Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-31
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186082-3
    ISSN 1326-5377 ; 0025-729X
    ISSN (online) 1326-5377
    ISSN 0025-729X
    DOI 10.5694/mja2.51650
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    Ua VI Zs.398: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care: consultation patterns, management practices, and costs.

    Menz, Hylton B / Williams, Cylie M / Lazzarini, Peter A / Gordon, Julie / Harrison, Christopher

    Family practice

    2022  

    Abstract: Objective: To explore consultation patterns, management practices, and costs of foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care.: Study design: We analyzed data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program, April 2000 to ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To explore consultation patterns, management practices, and costs of foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care.
    Study design: We analyzed data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program, April 2000 to March 2016. Foot, ankle, and leg problems were identified using the International Classification of Primary Care, Version 2 PLUS terminology. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics examining general practitioner (GP) and patient characteristics associated with a foot, ankle, or leg problem being managed. Cost to government was estimated by extracting fees for GP consultations, diagnostic imaging, and pathology services from the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. Costs for prescription-only medicines were extracted from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule and for nonprescribed medications, large banner discount pharmacy prices were used.
    Results: GPs recorded 1,568,100 patient encounters, at which 50,877 foot, ankle, or leg problems were managed at a rate of 3.24 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 3.21-3.28) per 100 encounters. The management rate of foot, ankle, or leg problems was higher for certain patient characteristics (older, having a health care card, socioeconomically disadvantaged, non-Indigenous, and being English speaking) and GP characteristics (male sex, older age, and Australian graduate). The most frequently used management practice was the use of medications. The average cost (Australian dollars) per encounter was A$52, with the total annual cost estimated at A$256m.
    Conclusions: Foot, ankle, and leg problems are frequently managed by GPs, and the costs associated with their management represent a substantial economic impact in Australian primary care.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605939-9
    ISSN 1460-2229 ; 0263-2136
    ISSN (online) 1460-2229
    ISSN 0263-2136
    DOI 10.1093/fampra/cmac122
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