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Article: Improving nitrogen use efficiency using precision nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Varinderpal-Singh / Kunal / Gosal, S. K / Choudhary, Rita / Singh, Reena / Adholeya, Alok

Journal of plant nutrition and soil science. 2021 June, v. 184, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Background: Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in cereal crops not only decreases the N use efficiency but also accelerates greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Aim: To improve N use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using precision N ... ...

Abstract	Background: Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in cereal crops not only decreases the N use efficiency but also accelerates greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Aim: To improve N use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using precision N management and coating seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Methods: Field experiment laid out in split‐plot design was conducted to study the role of AMF consortia (four species) seed coating and different precision N management strategies in rationalizing fertilizer N use. Results: The AMF seed coating improved mycorrhization but did not improve N assimilation, grain yield, root weight, N uptake, chlorophyll value, normalized difference vegetative index, and physiological efficiency (PEN) of applied N fertilizer. The benefits of AMF seed coating in improving N assimilation were not visible even in no‐N treatment. Precision N management using leaf color chart (LCC), chlorophyll meter (SPAD), and GreenSeeker optical sensor (GS) sustained wheat grain yield equivalent to the soil‐test based N fertilizer recommendation with the average savings of 20% N fertilizer. Precision N management strategies improved mean recovery efficiency (REN) and partial factor productivity (PFPN) of applied N fertilizer, respectively by 26.0% and 26.4% over the soil‐test based N management. Spectral properties measured with LCC, SPAD and GS showed good correlation (R² > 0.71) with grain yield, depicting great potential of optical sensing tools in predicting grain yield and inferring need‐based fertilizer N topdressings decisions in wheat. Conclusions: Precision N management provides a potential solution to improve N nutrition in wheat while reducing nitrous oxide (N₂O) and total GHG emissions by 23.2 and 23.6%, respectively, in comparison to soil‐test based N application.
Keywords	Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll ; color ; experimental design ; field experimentation ; grain yield ; greenhouse gases ; leaves ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; nitrous oxide ; nutrient use efficiency ; plant nutrition ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 371-377.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	1436-8730
DOI	10.1002/jpln.202000371
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Synergistic Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Spectral Properties for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiencies in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Varinderpal-Singh / Sharma, Sandeep / Kunal / Gosal, S. K / Choudhary, Rita / Singh, Reena / Adholeya, Alok / Bijay-Singh

Communications in soil science and plant analysis. 2020 Jan. 2, v. 51, no. 1

2020

Abstract: A 5-year field study was conducted to improve nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies in wheat with the synergistic use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and spectral properties for deriving need- ...

Abstract	A 5-year field study was conducted to improve nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies in wheat with the synergistic use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and spectral properties for deriving need-based fertilizer N management decisions. Bio-fertilizer consortium inoculation on wheat seed improved rhizosphere mycorrhization, albeit native mycorrhiza also produced mycorrhiza colonization. Lower mycorrhiza colonization was observed in no-P and high P treatments at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) when wheat seeds were not inoculated with bio-fertilizer. However, the mycorrhiza colonization was independent of the fertilizer P level at 60 DAS in the inoculated treatments. The integrated nutrient management with bio-fertilizer and need-based N use sustained highest grain yield with 16.7% and 25% less use of fertilizer N and P, respectively. The agronomic (AE) and recovery efficiencies (RE) of applied N and P were increased by 23.0% (AEN), 21.3% (REN), 40.2% (AEP) and 49.8% (REP), respectively. On-farm validation studies exhibited improvement in partial factor productivity of fertilizer P (PFPP) by 35.8% and fertilizer N (PFPN) by 22.5% in comparison with the soil test-based recommendation. The synergistic use of bio-fertilizer and need-based N management improved the PGPR population, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities in soil. The improved soil microbiological properties attributed to better mycorrhization and microflora propagation in soil-facilitated nutrient assimilation and thus higher N and P use efficiencies in wheat.
Keywords	Triticum aestivum ; alkaline phosphatase ; biofertilizers ; enzyme activity ; grain yield ; mycorrhizae ; mycorrhizal fungi ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; nutrient management ; nutrient use efficiency ; phosphorus ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ; rhizosphere ; seeds ; soil biological properties ; sowing ; spectral analysis ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0102
Size	p. 14-27.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	419718-5
ISSN	1532-2416 ; 0010-3624
ISSN (online)	1532-2416
ISSN	0010-3624
DOI	10.1080/00103624.2019.1689259
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effect of mulching on soil environment, microbial flora and growth of potato under field conditions

Bhagat, Poonam / Gosal, S.K. / Singh, C.B.

Indian journal of agricultural research. 2016 Dec., v. 50, no. 6

2016

Abstract: Mulches modify hydrothermal regime, recycles plant nutrients, promote crop development and increase yields. The impact of straw mulch and different doses of recommended nitrogen was studied on soil microbial flora, soil physico-chemical properties and ... ...

Abstract	Mulches modify hydrothermal regime, recycles plant nutrients, promote crop development and increase yields. The impact of straw mulch and different doses of recommended nitrogen was studied on soil microbial flora, soil physico-chemical properties and plant growth parameters of potato at different time intervals under field conditions. Maximum bacterial population (75 × 10⁷cfu g⁻¹ soil), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria count (63 × 10⁵cfu g⁻¹ soil) and fungal population (69 × 10³ cfu g⁻¹ soil) were observed with the treatment having rice straw mulch @ 6 tonnes/ha and 100% N-level while diazotrophic count (42× 10⁵ cfu g⁻¹ soil) was found with treatment having mulch (6t) but no nitrogen fertilizer at 30 DAS. Mulched soil samples gave statistically higher microbial population. The soil pH and the electrical conductivity of soil were not significantly affected by the different applications. A slight improvement in soil organic content was observed in mulched (0.32%) over unmulched (0.24%) soil samples at 90 DAS. The mineral nitrogen content of soil i.e. ammonical (235.2 kg/ha) and nitrate (156.8 k/ha) nitrogen were greatly affected at 90 DAS by mulching and higher doses of nitrogen fertilization. The altered microbial population helps in improving the various growth parameters of potato plants. Maximum chlorophyll content (1.84 mg/g), maximum dry root-shoot biomass (0.7 g/pl and 5.8 g/pl) and maximum yield (366.8 q/ha) were observed with the treatment having mulch and 100% N-level. It is also concluded that mulch increased the minimum soil temperature by 2–3°C and lower down the maximum by 2 to 8°C.
Keywords	agricultural research ; biomass ; chlorophyll ; edaphic factors ; fungi ; mulching ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; nitrogen content ; nitrogen fertilizers ; plant growth ; potatoes ; rhizosphere bacteria ; rice straw ; soil electrical conductivity ; soil pH ; soil temperature ; straw mulches
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-12
Size	p. 542-548.
Publishing place	Agricultural Research Communication Centre
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2569845-X
ISSN	0976-058X ; 0367-8245
ISSN (online)	0976-058X
ISSN	0367-8245
DOI	10.18805/ijare.v50i6.6671
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Soil nutrient status and yield of rice as affected by long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Gosal, S. K / G. K. Gill / S. S. Walia / Sandeep Sharma

Journal of plant nutrition. 2018 Feb. 25, v. 41, no. 4

2018

Abstract: Nutrient balance is the key component to increase crop yields. Excess and imbalanced use of nutrients has caused nutrient mining from the soil and deteriorated crop productivity and ultimately soil health. Replenishment of these nutrients has a direct ... ...

Abstract	Nutrient balance is the key component to increase crop yields. Excess and imbalanced use of nutrients has caused nutrient mining from the soil and deteriorated crop productivity and ultimately soil health. Replenishment of these nutrients has a direct impact on soil health and crop productivity. Based on this fact, the present research was conducted to determine the effects of long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrient status and yield (grain and straw) in rice. Different combinations of inorganic nitrogen (N) and organic sources (sewage sludge and compost) were applied to the soil. Data revealed that application of mineral NPK in combination with 50% N through compost significantly increased the organic matter content (0.36%), available phosphorus (16.50 kg/ha) and available potassium content (239.80 kg/ha) in soil. The maximum available N (225.12 kg/ha) was found by the substitution of 50% N through sewage sludge. This improvement in soil nutrient status through combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced significant increase in grain and straw yield as compared to inorganic fertilizers alone. Maximum grain (6.96 t/ha) and straw (8.56 t/ha) yields were found in treatment having substitution of 50% N (recommended) through compost @10t/ha. Also, a significant positive correlation was found between soil nutrients and straw and grain yield in rice. Thus the study demonstrated that substitution of 50% inorganic N through compost will be a good alternative for improving soil fertility.
Keywords	composts ; grain yield ; mineral fertilizers ; nitrogen ; nutrient balance ; nutrients ; organic matter ; phosphorus ; potassium ; rice ; sewage sludge ; soil ; soil fertility ; soil nutrients ; soil quality ; straw
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0225
Size	p. 539-544.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	446190-3
ISSN	1532-4087 ; 0190-4167
ISSN (online)	1532-4087
ISSN	0190-4167
DOI	10.1080/01904167.2017.1392570
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effect of pesticide application on soil microorganisms

Kalia, Anu / Gosal, S. K

Archives of agronomy and soil science. 2011 Sept. 1, v. 57, no. 6

2011

Abstract: Modern agriculture largely relies on the extensive application of agrochemicals, including inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Indiscriminate, long-term and over-application of pesticides have severe effects on soil ecology that may lead to alterations ...

Abstract	Modern agriculture largely relies on the extensive application of agrochemicals, including inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Indiscriminate, long-term and over-application of pesticides have severe effects on soil ecology that may lead to alterations in or the erosion of beneficial or plant probiotic soil microflora. Weathered soils lose their ability to sustain enhanced production of crops/grains on the same land. However, burgeoning concern about environmental pollution and the sustainable use of cropping land have emphasized inculcation of awareness and the wider application of tools, techniques and products that do not pollute the environment at all or have only meager ecological concerns. This review covers the types of, concerns about and current issues regarding the extensive application of agrochemicals, in particular pesticides, on a variety of microorganisms integrated in successive food chains in the soil food web.
Keywords	agrochemicals ; crops ; food chain ; food webs ; grains ; mineral fertilizers ; pesticide application ; pesticides ; pollution ; probiotics ; soil ; soil ecology ; soil microorganisms ; soil treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0901
Size	p. 569-596.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1132910-5
ISSN	1476-3567 ; 0365-0340
ISSN (online)	1476-3567
ISSN	0365-0340
DOI	10.1080/03650341003787582
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Soil nutrient status and yield of rice as affected by long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Gosal, S. K. / Gill, G. K. / Sharma, Sandeep / Walia, S. S.

Journal of plant nutrition

2018 Volume 41, Issue 1/4, Page(s) 539

Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	446190-3
ISSN	0190-4167
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Effect of microbial inoculants on the growth and yield of micropropagated banana (Musa indica) cv. Grand Naine

Madaan, G / Gosal, S.K / Gosal, S.S / Saroa, G.S / Gill, M.I.S

Journal of horticultural science and biotechnology. 2013 Sept., v. 88, no. 5

2013

Abstract: Micropropagated plants generally exist in a sterile medium or environment and can thus benefit from inoculation with beneficial microbes to enhance their rate of survival following transfer from the laboratory to field conditions. The present ... ...

Abstract	Micropropagated plants generally exist in a sterile medium or environment and can thus benefit from inoculation with beneficial microbes to enhance their rate of survival following transfer from the laboratory to field conditions. The present investigation studied the beneficial effects of microbial inoculants (i.e., Azotobacter chroococcum and/or Piriformospora indica) on the growth and nutrition of micropropagated banana plantlets under glasshouse, as well as under field conditions (with 75% and 100% of the recommended doses of N and P). Dual inoculation resulted in the maximum rate of survival (84.6%) of micropropagated banana plantlets 2 months after transfer to a glasshouse. The maximum rates of colonisation by P. indica (76.5%) or A. chroococcum (at 147 x 10(4) cfu g-1) were observed 2 months after inoculation. The maximum mean root length (15.5 cm), shoot length (33.3 cm), root dry weight (DW; 2.0 g), and shoot DW (3.6 g) were observed in double-inoculated, micropropagated plantlets 2 months after transfer to the glasshouse. Plantlets were then transferred to the field. Suckers from the year-1 experiment were also transferred to another field and re-inoculated with either one or both microbial cultures for the year-2 experiment. In both years, the maximum mean numbers of leaves, stem diameters, plant heights, numbers of suckers, leaf areas, phosphorus contents, nitrogen contents, total chlorophyll contents, numbers of fingers, and fruit yields were observed in plants which had been co-inoculated with P. indica plus A. chroococcum, compared to non-inoculated control plants. Microbial inoculation (single or dual) improved plantlet survival rates, as well as the growth and yields of micropropagated banana plants compared to non-inoculated control banana plants.
Keywords	Azotobacter chroococcum ; Musa ; bananas ; beneficial microorganisms ; chlorophyll ; fruit yield ; greenhouses ; leaves ; micropropagation ; nitrogen content ; nutrition ; phosphorus ; plantlets ; shoots ; survival rate
Language	English
Size	p. 643-649.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1416403-6
ISSN	1462-0316
ISSN	1462-0316
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Isolation and molecular characterisation of diazotrophic growth-promoting bacteria from wheat rhizospheric soils of Punjab

Gosal, S. K / Saroa, G. S / Vikal, Y / Cameotra, S. S / Pathania, Neemisha / Bhanot, A

Soil research. 2011, v. 49, no. 8

2011

Abstract: Diazotrophs are nitrogen-fixing bacteria which possess the nifH gene that codes for the nitrogenase enzyme involved in reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. Seventy-two diazotrophic bacteria were isolated using eight nitrogen-free media from ... ...

Abstract	Diazotrophs are nitrogen-fixing bacteria which possess the nifH gene that codes for the nitrogenase enzyme involved in reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. Seventy-two diazotrophic bacteria were isolated using eight nitrogen-free media from wheat rhizospheric soil. The diazotrophic population was found to be negatively related to soil nitrogen, whereas a positive correlation was observed with organic carbon and electrical conductivity of soil. The isolates were initially identified on the basis of cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterisation. Various diazotrophic isolates were screened for functional activities. Thirty-seven isolates were acetylene reduction assay positive, among which 28 isolates exhibited nitrogenase activity ranging from 22.3 to 72.0nmol C2H4/h. The majority of isolates were able to produce indole acetic acid ranging from 11.2 to 23.0µg/mL and only a few diazotrophs could solubilise phosphate. These isolates showed amplification with two nifH primers (nifH1 and nifH2), thereby confirming their diazotrophic potential. The positive nifH isolates were further characterised using restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA to reveal diversity among them. Based on UPGMA clustering and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA, the isolates were identified as Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Rhizobium larrymoorei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Xanthomonas oryzae.
Keywords	Azospirillum ; Azotobacter ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Rhizobium ; Sphingomonas paucimobilis ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Xanthomonas oryzae ; acetylene reduction ; ammonia ; carbon ; electrical conductivity ; genes ; indole acetic acid ; nitrogen ; nitrogen-fixing bacteria ; nitrogenase ; nucleotide sequences ; phosphates ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; ribosomal DNA ; wheat soils
Language	English
Size	p. 725-732.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2600570-0
ISSN	1838-6768 ; 1838-675X
ISSN (online)	1838-6768
ISSN	1838-675X
DOI	10.1071/SR11136
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effect of microbial inoculants on the growth and yield of micropropagated banana (Musa indica) cv. Grand Naine

Madaan, G. / Gosal, S. K. / Gosal, S. S. / Saroa, G. S. / Gill, M. I. S.

The journal of horticultural science & biotechnology

2013 Volume 88, Issue 5, Page(s) 643–649

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1416403-6
ISSN	1462-0316
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Effect of pesticide application on soil microorganisms

Kalia, Anu / Gosal, S. K.

Archives of agronomy and soil science

Volume v. 57,, Issue no. 6

Abstract	Modern agriculture largely relies on the extensive application of agrochemicals, including inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Indiscriminate, long-term and over-application of pesticides have severe effects on soil ecology that may lead to alterations in or the erosion of beneficial or plant probiotic soil microflora. Weathered soils lose their ability to sustain enhanced production of crops/grains on the same land. However, burgeoning concern about environmental pollution and the sustainable use of cropping land have emphasized inculcation of awareness and the wider application of tools, techniques and products that do not pollute the environment at all or have only meager ecological concerns. This review covers the types of, concerns about and current issues regarding the extensive application of agrochemicals, in particular pesticides, on a variety of microorganisms integrated in successive food chains in the soil food web.
Keywords	pesticide application ; probiotics ; soil treatment ; pollution ; soil ecology ; mineral fertilizers ; soil microorganisms ; grains ; agrochemicals ; crops ; pesticides ; food webs ; food chain ; soil
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	1476-3567
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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