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  1. Article ; Online: Diagnostic intervals in oropharyngeal cancers from a primary care perspective: a ten-year case note review.

    Wilcock, Jane / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran

    British dental journal

    2021  

    Abstract: Background Rates of oropharyngeal (OP) cancer are increasing and mortality is related to stage at diagnosis. Early diagnosis is vital to improving patient outcomes.Aim To describe current general practice pathways and time intervals in OP cancer and: a) ... ...

    Abstract Background Rates of oropharyngeal (OP) cancer are increasing and mortality is related to stage at diagnosis. Early diagnosis is vital to improving patient outcomes.Aim To describe current general practice pathways and time intervals in OP cancer and: a) compare to current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance to refer from general practitioners (GPs) to general medical dentists (dentists); and b) referral pathways for pharyngeal cancers.Design and setting A ten-year retrospective study of patients diagnosed with OP cancer in one suburban general practice in England using GP notes, including secondary care correspondence.Results There were 12 cases of OP cancer; six oral and six pharyngeal. There were marked differences in referral pathways and time intervals for people with visible, or palpable, oral cancers and those with non-visible, or impalpable, pharyngeal cancers. No one had GP to dentist referral. General practice 'safety-netting' or follow-up was not commonly recorded.Conclusion GPs are pivotal in diagnosing symptomatic OP cancers. General practice and dental teams encountering symptoms of uncertain aetiology (for example, pharyngitis) should offer safety-netting to shorten patient intervals to re-attendance. Pathways for oral cancer referral were usually clear and linear. Pathways for pharyngeal cancer were usually complex, with much longer time intervals in primary and secondary care, and would benefit from a single national referral pathway to ENT.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218090-x
    ISSN 1476-5373 ; 0007-0610
    ISSN (online) 1476-5373
    ISSN 0007-0610
    DOI 10.1038/s41415-021-2947-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Interdental and GP relationships in oral cancer.

    Wilcock, Jane / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran

    The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 700, Page(s) 534

    MeSH term(s) Dentists ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Oral Hygiene
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1043148-2
    ISSN 1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    ISSN (online) 1478-5242
    ISSN 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    DOI 10.3399/bjgp20X713201
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

    Gordon, Morris / Sinopoulou, Vassiliki / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Akobeng, Anthony K

    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    2022  Volume 5, Page(s) CD013743

    Abstract: Background: Antibiotics have been considered to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) due to their antimicrobial properties against intestinal bacteria linked to inflammation. However, there are concerns about their efficacy and safety.: Objectives: To ... ...

    Abstract Background: Antibiotics have been considered to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) due to their antimicrobial properties against intestinal bacteria linked to inflammation. However, there are concerns about their efficacy and safety.
    Objectives: To determine whether antibiotic therapy is safe and effective for the induction and maintenance of remission in people with UC.
    Search methods: We searched five electronic databases on 10 December 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antibiotic therapy to placebo or an active comparator.
    Selection criteria: We considered people with UC of all ages, treated with antibiotics of any type, dose, and route of administration for inclusion. Induction studies required a minimum duration of two weeks for inclusion. Maintenance studies required a minimum duration of three months to be considered for inclusion.
    Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcome for induction studies was failure to achieve remission and for maintenance studies was relapse, as defined by the primary studies.
    Main results: We included 12 RCTs (847 participants). One maintenance of remission study used sole antibiotic therapy compared with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). All other trials used concurrent medications or standard care regimens and antibiotics as an adjunct therapy or compared antibiotics with other adjunct therapies to examine the effect on induction of remission. There is high certainty evidence that antibiotics (154/304 participants) compared to placebo (175/304 participants) result in no difference in failure to achieve clinical remission (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74 to 1.06). A subgroup analysis found no differences when steroids, steroids plus 5-ASA, or steroids plus 5-ASA plus probiotics were used as additional therapies to antibiotics and placebo. There is low certainty evidence that antibiotics (102/168 participants) compared to placebo (121/175 participants) may result in no difference in failure to achieve clinical response (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.22). A subgroup analysis found no differences when steroids or steroids plus 5-ASA were used as additional therapies to antibiotics and placebo. There is low certainty evidence that antibiotics (6/342 participants) compared to placebo (5/349 participants) may result in no difference in serious adverse events (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.38 to 3.71). A subgroup analysis found no differences when steroids were additional therapies to antibiotics and placebo. There is low certainty evidence that antibiotics (3/342 participants) compared to placebo (1/349 participants) may result in no difference in withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 2.06, 95% CI 0.27 to 15.72). A subgroup analysis found no differences when steroids or steroids plus 5-ASA were additional therapies to antibiotics and placebo. It is unclear if there is any difference between antibiotics in combination with probiotics compared to no treatment or placebo for failure to achieve clinical remission (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.19), serious adverse events (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.08), or withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.08). The certainty of the evidence is very low. It is unclear if there is any difference between antibiotics compared to 5-ASA for failure to achieve clinical remission (RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.17 to 4.14). The certainty of the evidence is very low. It is unclear if there is any difference between antibiotics compared to probiotics for failure to achieve clinical remission (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.94). The certainty of the evidence is very low. It is unclear if there is any difference between antibiotics compared to 5-ASA for failure to maintain clinical remission (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.06). The certainty of the evidence is very low. It is unclear if there is any difference between antibiotics compared to no treatment for failure to achieve clinical remission in a mixed population of people with active and inactive disease (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.07). The certainty of the evidence is very low. For all other outcomes, no effects could be estimated due to a lack of data.
    Authors' conclusions: There is high certainty evidence that there is no difference between antibiotics and placebo in the proportion of people who achieve clinical remission at the end of the intervention period. However, there is evidence that there may be a greater proportion of people who achieve clinical remission and probably a greater proportion who achieve clinical response with antibiotics when compared with placebo at 12 months. There may be no difference in serious adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events between antibiotics and placebo. No clear conclusions can be drawn for any other comparisons. A clear direction for future research appears to be comparisons of antibiotics and placebo (in addition to standard therapies) with longer-term measurement of outcomes. Additionally. As there were single studies of other head-to-head comparisons, there may be scope for future studies in this area.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects ; Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy ; Humans ; Mesalamine/adverse effects ; Mesalamine/therapeutic use ; Remission Induction
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Mesalamine (4Q81I59GXC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 1469-493X
    ISSN (online) 1469-493X
    DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD013743.pub2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Role of High-Fidelity Simulation in the Acquisition of Endovascular Surgical Skills: A Systematic Review.

    Gomaa, Abdul-Rahman / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Saratzis, Athanasios / Davies, Robert S M

    Annals of vascular surgery

    2023  Volume 93, Page(s) 405–427

    Abstract: Background: The widespread introduction of minimally invasive endovascular techniques in cardiovascular surgery has necessitated a transition in the psychomotor skillset of trainees and surgeons. Simulation has previously been used in surgical training; ...

    Abstract Background: The widespread introduction of minimally invasive endovascular techniques in cardiovascular surgery has necessitated a transition in the psychomotor skillset of trainees and surgeons. Simulation has previously been used in surgical training; however, there is limited high-quality evidence regarding the role of simulation-based training on the acquisition of endovascular skills. This systematic review aimed to systematically appraise the currently available evidence regarding endovascular high-fidelity simulation interventions, to describe the overarching strategies used, the learning outcomes addressed, the choice of assessment methodology, and the impact of education on learner performance.
    Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement using relevant keywords to identify studies evaluating simulation in the acquisition of endovascular surgical skills. References of review articles were screened for additional studies.
    Results: A total of 1,081 studies were identified (474 after removal of duplicates). There was marked heterogeneity in methodologies and reporting of outcomes. Quantitative analysis was deemed inappropriate due to the risk of serious confounding and bias. Instead, a descriptive synthesis was performed, summarizing key findings and quality components. Eighteen studies were included in the synthesis (15 observational, 2 case-control and 1 randomized control studies). Most studies measured procedure time, contrast usage, and fluoroscopy time. Other metrics were recorded to a lesser extent. Significant reductions were noted in both procedure and fluoroscopy times with the introduction of simulation-based endovascular training.
    Conclusions: The evidence regarding the use of high-fidelity simulation in endovascular training is very heterogeneous. The current literature suggests simulation-based training leads to improvements in performance, mostly in terms of procedure and fluoroscopy time. High-quality randomized control trials are needed to establish the clinical benefits of simulation training, sustainability of improvements, transferability of skills and its cost-effectiveness.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; High Fidelity Simulation Training ; Treatment Outcome ; Learning ; Simulation Training/methods ; Computer Simulation ; Clinical Competence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1027366-9
    ISSN 1615-5947 ; 0890-5096
    ISSN (online) 1615-5947
    ISSN 0890-5096
    DOI 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.02.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Is it too difficult for disadvantaged applicants to get into medical school?

    Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran

    Medical teacher

    2016  Volume 38, Issue 11, Page(s) 1184

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Minority Groups ; School Admission Criteria ; Schools, Medical/organization & administration ; Schools, Medical/standards ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United Kingdom ; Vulnerable Populations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2016.1237016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Live streaming to sustain clinical learning.

    Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Uraiby, Hussein / Abraham, Shalin / Kirtley, Joanne / Xu, Gang / McCarthy, Mark

    The clinical teacher

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 282–288

    Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to develop teaching innovations that provide safe, authentic clinical encounters which facilitate experiential learning. In tandem with the dissemination of teleconsultation and online teaching, ...

    Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to develop teaching innovations that provide safe, authentic clinical encounters which facilitate experiential learning. In tandem with the dissemination of teleconsultation and online teaching, this pilot study describes, evaluates and justifies a multi-camera live-streaming teaching session to medical students from the clinical environment.
    Approach: Multiple audio and video inputs capturing an outpatient clinic setting were routed through Open Broadcast Software (OBS) to create a customised feed streamed to remote learners through a videoconferencing platform. Sessions were conducted between September 2020 and March 2021. Twelve students sequentially interacted with a patient who held an iPad. Higher quality Go-Pro cameras captured the scene, allowing students to view the consultation from the patient and doctor's perspective. A consultant then conducted a 'gold standard' patient consultation observed by students. A faculty member remotely facilitated the session, providing pre-clinic teaching and debriefing. The equipment required with costing for a standard and low-cost version is described, as well as a set-up schematic and overview of ideal conditions and barriers encountered during trials.
    Evaluation: All students completed a post-participation questionnaire, rating the overall quality of the sessions as 9.7/10. The quality of online facilitation, utility of observing peers' and consultant interaction with the patient, opportunity for peer-to-peer learning and availability of multiple camera angles were particularly valued by students.
    Implications: This innovation permits an authentic clinical interaction to be experienced by multiple students remotely, promoting equitable access to high-quality teaching, while maintaining the safety of students and patients.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Learning ; Pandemics ; Pilot Projects ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2151518-9
    ISSN 1743-498X ; 1743-4971
    ISSN (online) 1743-498X
    ISSN 1743-4971
    DOI 10.1111/tct.13488
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Left Ventricular Filling Pressure Is Associated with NT-proBNP in Patients with New Onset Heart Failure.

    Assadi, Hosamadin / Matthews, Gareth / Chambers, Bradley / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Shabi, Mubien / Plein, Sven / Swoboda, Peter P / Garg, Pankaj

    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 11

    Abstract: Background and ... ...

    Abstract Background and Objectives
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Heart Failure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Stroke Volume/physiology ; Prognosis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76) ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain (114471-18-0) ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188113-3
    ISSN 1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
    ISSN (online) 1648-9144
    ISSN 1010-660X
    DOI 10.3390/medicina59111924
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  8. Article ; Online: Is local anaesthesia superior to general anaesthesia in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    Harky, Amer / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Chan, Jeremy

    Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery

    2019  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 599–603

    Abstract: A best evidence topic in cardiovascular surgery was written in accordance to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: in patients undergoing endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR), is local anaesthetic (LA) superior to general ... ...

    Abstract A best evidence topic in cardiovascular surgery was written in accordance to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: in patients undergoing endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR), is local anaesthetic (LA) superior to general anaesthetic in terms of perioperative outcomes? Altogether, 630 publications were found using the reported search protocol, of which 3 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type and primary outcomes were tabulated. The 3 included studies are systematic reviews with meta-analyses, with no randomized trials identified. Within the studies, there is a degree of heterogeneity in terms of surgical case-mix (elective or emergency EVAR or both) and anaesthetic technique (LA, regional anaesthetic, local-regional anaesthetic and general anaesthetic). With 1 study not providing pooled estimates, the second study demonstrated statistical significance in favour of local-regional anaesthetic within the elective setting in terms of mortality [pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52-0.95; P = 0.02], morbidity (pooled OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.96; P = 0.0006) and total length of hospital admission (pooled mean difference: -1.53, 95% CI -2.53 to -0.53; P = 0.00001). The third study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant mortality benefit with LA (pooled OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.21-1.41; P = 0.211). While the results of these studies fail to provide a clear answer to a complex surgical problem, it would be appropriate, in the light of current evidence, to recommend LA as non-inferior to general anaesthetic in both emergency and elective settings.
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anesthetics, Local
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2095298-3
    ISSN 1569-9285 ; 1569-9293
    ISSN (online) 1569-9285
    ISSN 1569-9293
    DOI 10.1093/icvts/ivz135
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Teaching handover in undergraduate education: an evidence-based multi-disciplinary approach.

    Gordon, Morris / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Hill, Elaine

    MedEdPublish (2016)

    2019  Volume 8, Page(s) 100

    Abstract: This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Poor standards of handover threaten patient safety and continuity of care, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Handover practices has risen to the forefront of the ... ...

    Abstract This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Poor standards of handover threaten patient safety and continuity of care, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Handover practices has risen to the forefront of the patient safety agenda, with a call to develop and implement undergraduate handover modules into undergraduate healthcare education. Recent systematic reviews demonstrate a common failure of educational interventions to demonstrate a theoretical and pedagogical framework underpinning the delivery of education and method of assessment. The authors developed and piloted a multi-disciplinary evidence-based undergraduate handover training program to health care students studying at a UK university. The intervention was designed based on underpinning educational theories. It has been developed in a manner that supports dissemination and replication, with a model that is cost effective. The intervention was designed to assess learner reaction, attitudes and confidence, and knowledge and skills. This was achieved through a pre- and post-intervention attitude questionnaire, and an externally validated pre- and post-intervention knowledge assessment. 46 undergraduate students participated, with a statistically significant increase in self-reported attitudes (p < 0.001) and knowledge (p < 0.001) following the handover intervention. Students participated from the disciplines of medicine, adult nursing, pharmacy, mental health nursing, paramedic practice and operating department practioners. This intervention serves as a significant resource for those looking to develop local interventions and stands as a truly multi-disciplinary approach to handover education, mirroring the clinical reality. The introduction of this handover intervention immediately improves the attitudes, knowledge and skills of undergraduate healthcare students. Future work should sample beyond the selected 6 professions, investigating the transference of outcomes to the workplace, as well as the impact on patient safety.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-02
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2312-7996
    ISSN (online) 2312-7996
    DOI 10.15694/mep.2019.000100.1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Validation of Left Atrial Volume Correction for Single Plane Method on Four-Chamber Cine Cardiac MRI.

    Assadi, Hosamadin / Sawh, Nicholas / Bailey, Ciara / Matthews, Gareth / Li, Rui / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Mehmood, Zia / Kasmai, Bahman / Swoboda, Peter P / Swift, Andrew J / Geest, Rob J van der / Garg, Pankaj

    Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 459–470

    Abstract: Background: Left atrial (LA) assessment is an important marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) accurately quantifies LA volume and function based on biplane long-axis imaging. We aimed to validate single-plane- ...

    Abstract Background: Left atrial (LA) assessment is an important marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) accurately quantifies LA volume and function based on biplane long-axis imaging. We aimed to validate single-plane-derived LA indices against the biplane method to simplify the post-processing of cine CMR.
    Methods: In this study, 100 patients from Leeds Teaching Hospitals were used as the derivation cohort. Bias correction for the single plane method was applied and subsequently validated in 79 subjects.
    Results: There were significant differences between the biplane and single plane mean LA maximum and minimum volumes and LA ejection fraction (EF) (all
    Conclusions: LA volumetric and functional assessment by the single plane method has a systematic bias compared to the biplane method. After bias correction, single plane LA volume and function are comparable to the biplane method.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/methods ; Female ; Male ; Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Stroke Volume/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Adult ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Validation Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2379-139X
    ISSN (online) 2379-139X
    DOI 10.3390/tomography10040035
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