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  1. AU="Grebenok, Robert J."
  2. AU="Blackburne, Brittney"
  3. AU="Bortoleti, Bruna Taciane da Silva"
  4. AU="Ehrbar, Martin"
  5. AU="Lepre, Davide"
  6. AU="Olszewska, Zuzanna"
  7. AU="Vojta, Leslie"
  8. AU=Wickstrom Eric AU=Wickstrom Eric
  9. AU="Gangavarapu, Sridevi"
  10. AU="Hussein, Hazem Abdelwaheb"
  11. AU=Cai Yixin AU=Cai Yixin
  12. AU="Hüls, Anke"
  13. AU="Poondru, Srinivasu"
  14. AU="Coca, Daniel"
  15. AU="Lebeau, Paul"
  16. AU="Dehghani, Sedigheh"
  17. AU="Ishibashi, Kenji"
  18. AU="Xu, Yanhua"
  19. AU="Matera, Katarzyna"
  20. AU="Ait-Ouarab, Slimane"
  21. AU="Nicola, Coppede"
  22. AU="Dewitt, John M"
  23. AU="Sorin M. Dudea"
  24. AU="Tanusha D. Ramdin"
  25. AU="Hao, Zehui"
  26. AU="Chauhan, Aman"

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  1. Artikel: Assessing nutritional variation in pollen: a unifying approach for the study of bee nutritional ecology

    Lau, Pierre / Lesne, Pierre / Grebenok, Robert J. / Rangel, Juliana / Behmer, Spencer T.

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 2022, v. 377

    2022  

    Abstract: Poor nutrition and landscape changes are two top factors regularly cited for causing the decline of pollinator populations. However, what constitutes "poor nutrition" currently remains inadequately defined. Several key pollinators including most bees are ...

    Abstract Poor nutrition and landscape changes are two top factors regularly cited for causing the decline of pollinator populations. However, what constitutes "poor nutrition" currently remains inadequately defined. Several key pollinators including most bees are true palynivores: the broad suite of macro- and micronutrients they require comes only from pollen. However, the nutritional content of different pollen types varies, which in turn impacts pollinator foraging behavior and nutrient regulation. Thus, the characterization of the multidimensional nutrient content of pollen is a critical first step to better understand pollinator health. However, the use of a wide range of analytical approaches to assess pollen nutritional content has complicated between-studies comparisons and blurs our understanding of pollinator nutrition. In the current study we first reviewed different methods used to estimate pollen protein and lipid content, two important macronutrients for pollinator health. We uncovered significant inconsistencies between methods and experimentally revealed these biases using Brassica and Rosa pollen. Second, we performed a carbohydrate assay and an elemental analysis on these pollen types to broadly characterize pollen nutrient content. We use our collective data to propose a unifying protocol for the analysis of pollen nutritional content for the study of pollinator health.
    Schlagwörter Brassica ; Rosa ; carbohydrates ; landscapes ; lipid content ; nutrient content ; nutrition ; pollen ; pollen proteins ; pollinators
    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 1076018-0
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2021.0510
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  2. Artikel ; Online: Assessing pollen nutrient content: a unifying approach for the study of bee nutritional ecology.

    Lau, Pierre / Lesne, Pierre / Grebenok, Robert J / Rangel, Juliana / Behmer, Spencer T

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2022  Band 377, Heft 1853, Seite(n) 20210510

    Abstract: Poor nutrition and landscape changes are regularly cited as key factors causing the decline of wild and managed bee populations. However, what constitutes 'poor nutrition' for bees currently is inadequately defined. Bees collect and eat pollen: it is ... ...

    Abstract Poor nutrition and landscape changes are regularly cited as key factors causing the decline of wild and managed bee populations. However, what constitutes 'poor nutrition' for bees currently is inadequately defined. Bees collect and eat pollen: it is their only solid food source and it provides a broad suite of required macro- and micronutrients. Bees are also generalist foragers and thus the different pollen types they collect and eat can be highly nutritionally variable. Therefore, characterizing the multidimensional nutrient content of different pollen types is needed to fully understand pollen as a nutritional resource. Unfortunately, the use of different analytical approaches to assess pollen nutrient content has complicated between-studies comparisons and blurred our understanding of pollen nutrient content. In the current study, we start by reviewing the common methods used to estimate protein and lipids found in pollen. Next, using monofloral
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Bees ; Ecology ; Nutrients ; Pollen/chemistry
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-05-02
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2021.0510
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  3. Artikel: Herbivory improves the fitness of predatory beetles

    Ugine, Todd A / Nagra, Avneet / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T / Losey, John E

    journal of animal ecology. 2020 Nov., v. 89, no. 11

    2020  

    Abstract: While many predatory arthropods consume non‐prey foods from lower trophic levels, little is known about what drives the shift from predator to omnivore. Predatory lady beetles often consume non‐prey foods like plant foliage and pollen. One species, ... ...

    Abstract While many predatory arthropods consume non‐prey foods from lower trophic levels, little is known about what drives the shift from predator to omnivore. Predatory lady beetles often consume non‐prey foods like plant foliage and pollen. One species, Coccinella septempunctata, eats foliage to redress sterol deficits caused by eating sterol‐deficient prey. Here we explore how omnivory benefits lady beetle fitness. We reared seven species of lady beetles—from five genera distributed across the tribe Coccinellini—on pea aphids in the presence or absence of fava bean foliage; pea aphids have very low sterol content. Foliage supplements lengthened the development times of four species and decreased survival to adulthood of two species; it had no effect on adult mass. We mated beetles in a 2 × 2 factorial design (males with or without foliage paired with females with or without foliage). For each species, we observed a profound paternal effect of foliage supplements on fitness. Females mated to foliage‐supplemented males laid more eggs and more viable eggs compared to females mated to non‐supplemented males. Foliage‐supplemented males produced 2.9–4.6 times more sperm compared to non‐supplemented males for the three species we examined. We analysed the sterol profile of four beetle species reared on pea aphids—with or without foliage—and compared their sterol profile to field‐collected adults. For two laboratory‐reared species, sterols were not detected in adult male beetles, and overall levels were generally low (total ng of sterol/beetle range: 3–33 ng); the exception being Propylea quatuordecimpunctata females (total ng of sterol/beetle range: 50–157 ng). Laboratory‐reared lady beetle sterol content was not significantly affected by the presence of foliage. Field‐collected beetles had higher levels of sterols compared to laboratory‐reared beetles (2,452–145,348 ng per beetle); cholesterol and sitosterol were the dominant sterols in both field‐collected and laboratory‐reared beetles. Our findings indicate that herbivory benefits lady beetle fitness across the Coccinellini, and that this was entirely a paternal effect. Our data provide a rare example of a nutritional constraint impacting fitness in a sex‐specific manner. It also shows, more broadly, how a nutritional constraint can drive predators towards omnivory.
    Schlagwörter Coccinella septempunctata ; Propylea quatuordecimpunctata ; adulthood ; adults ; animal ecology ; cholesterol ; faba beans ; herbivores ; laboratory rearing ; leaves ; males ; omnivores ; paternal effect ; peas ; pollen ; sitosterols ; spermatozoa
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2020-11
    Umfang p. 2473-2484.
    Erscheinungsort John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13313
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  4. Artikel: Predator Performance and Fitness Is Dictated by Herbivore Prey Type Plus Indirect Effects of their Host Plant

    Ugine, Todd A. / Gill, Harsimran K. / Hernandez, Nicolo / Grebenok, Robert J. / Behmer, Spencer T. / Losey, John E.

    Journal of chemical ecology. 2021 Nov., v. 47, no. 10-11

    2021  

    Abstract: Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. ... ...

    Abstract Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. However, beetles redressed this deficit by eating fava bean leaves. In the current study we used Coccinella septempunctata as a model to test the hypotheses that pea aphids are a poor sterol resource independent of their host plant, and that fava beans produce low quality prey regardless of aphid species. Additionally, we tested the reproductive rescue capacity of alfalfa and barley foliage compared to fava, and profiled the sterols of phloem exudates, foliage, and aphids reared on these different hosts. Beetle fecundity and egg viability was significantly better when provided pea aphids reared on alfalfa (compared to fava beans) and green peach aphids reared on fava plants. Alfalfa and barley leaves were not consumed by beetles and did not support beetle reproduction. The sterol profile of aphids largely reflected their host plant phloem. However, green peach aphids from fava acquired 125-times more sterol than pea aphids from fava. Our findings show how the sterol content of different host-plants can affect the third trophic level. Our results suggest that 1) prey quality varies depending on prey species, even when they occur on the same plant, 2) plant species can mediate prey quality, 3) host plant-mediated effects on prey quality partially drive omnivory, and 4) diet-mixing benefits growth and reproduction by redressing micronutrient deficits.
    Schlagwörter Coccinella septempunctata ; alfalfa ; barley ; chemical ecology ; eggs ; faba beans ; fecundity ; herbivores ; host plants ; leaves ; omnivores ; peaches ; peas ; phloem ; prey species ; sterols ; trophic levels ; viability
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2021-11
    Umfang p. 877-888.
    Erscheinungsort Springer US
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 800130-3
    ISSN 1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
    ISSN (online) 1573-1561
    ISSN 0098-0331
    DOI 10.1007/s10886-021-01251-4
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  5. Artikel ; Online: Aphid growth and reproduction on plants with altered sterol profiles: Novel insights using Arabidopsis mutant and overexpression lines.

    Chen, Ivy W / Grebenok, Robert J / Schaller, Hubert / Zhu-Salzman, Keyan / Behmer, Spencer T

    Journal of insect physiology

    2020  Band 123, Seite(n) 104054

    Abstract: Sterols are essential membrane components and are critical for many physiological processes in all eukaryotes. Insects and other arthropods are sterol auxotrophs that typically rely on a dietary source of sterols. Herbivorous insects generally obtain ... ...

    Abstract Sterols are essential membrane components and are critical for many physiological processes in all eukaryotes. Insects and other arthropods are sterol auxotrophs that typically rely on a dietary source of sterols. Herbivorous insects generally obtain sterols from plants and then metabolize them into cholesterol, the dominant sterol in most insects. However, there is significant variation in phytosterol structure, and not all phytosterols are equally suitable for insects. In the current study, we used seven Arabidopsis thaliana lines that display altered sterol profiles due to mutations in the sterol biosynthetic pathway or to overexpression of key enzymes of the pathway, and investigated how plant sterol profiles affected green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) growth and reproduction. We also characterized the sterol profile of aphids reared on these Arabidopsis genotypes. Aphids on two mutant lines (14R/fk and ste1-1) that accumulated biosynthetic sterol intermediates (Δ
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Aphids/growth & development ; Aphids/physiology ; Arabidopsis/chemistry ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Cholesterol/analogs & derivatives ; Cholesterol/chemistry ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Food Chain ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phytosterols/chemistry ; Phytosterols/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified/chemistry ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics ; Sitosterols/chemistry ; Sitosterols/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen Phytosterols ; Sitosterols ; campesterol (5L5O665639) ; gamma-sitosterol (5LI01C78DD) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-04-07
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1879-1611
    ISSN (online) 1879-1611
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104054
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  6. Artikel ; Online: Herbivory improves the fitness of predatory beetles.

    Ugine, Todd A / Nagra, Avneet / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T / Losey, John E

    The Journal of animal ecology

    2020  Band 89, Heft 11, Seite(n) 2473–2484

    Abstract: While many predatory arthropods consume non-prey foods from lower trophic levels, little is known about what drives the shift from predator to omnivore. Predatory lady beetles often consume non-prey foods like plant foliage and pollen. One species, ... ...

    Abstract While many predatory arthropods consume non-prey foods from lower trophic levels, little is known about what drives the shift from predator to omnivore. Predatory lady beetles often consume non-prey foods like plant foliage and pollen. One species, Coccinella septempunctata, eats foliage to redress sterol deficits caused by eating sterol-deficient prey. Here we explore how omnivory benefits lady beetle fitness. We reared seven species of lady beetles-from five genera distributed across the tribe Coccinellini-on pea aphids in the presence or absence of fava bean foliage; pea aphids have very low sterol content. Foliage supplements lengthened the development times of four species and decreased survival to adulthood of two species; it had no effect on adult mass. We mated beetles in a 2 × 2 factorial design (males with or without foliage paired with females with or without foliage). For each species, we observed a profound paternal effect of foliage supplements on fitness. Females mated to foliage-supplemented males laid more eggs and more viable eggs compared to females mated to non-supplemented males. Foliage-supplemented males produced 2.9-4.6 times more sperm compared to non-supplemented males for the three species we examined. We analysed the sterol profile of four beetle species reared on pea aphids-with or without foliage-and compared their sterol profile to field-collected adults. For two laboratory-reared species, sterols were not detected in adult male beetles, and overall levels were generally low (total ng of sterol/beetle range: 3-33 ng); the exception being Propylea quatuordecimpunctata females (total ng of sterol/beetle range: 50-157 ng). Laboratory-reared lady beetle sterol content was not significantly affected by the presence of foliage. Field-collected beetles had higher levels of sterols compared to laboratory-reared beetles (2,452-145,348 ng per beetle); cholesterol and sitosterol were the dominant sterols in both field-collected and laboratory-reared beetles. Our findings indicate that herbivory benefits lady beetle fitness across the Coccinellini, and that this was entirely a paternal effect. Our data provide a rare example of a nutritional constraint impacting fitness in a sex-specific manner. It also shows, more broadly, how a nutritional constraint can drive predators towards omnivory.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Aphids ; Coleoptera ; Female ; Herbivory ; Male ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-09-09
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13313
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  7. Artikel ; Online: Predator Performance and Fitness Is Dictated by Herbivore Prey Type Plus Indirect Effects of their Host Plant.

    Ugine, Todd A / Gill, Harsimran K / Hernandez, Nicolo / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T / Losey, John E

    Journal of chemical ecology

    2021  Band 47, Heft 10-11, Seite(n) 877–888

    Abstract: Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. ... ...

    Abstract Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. However, beetles redressed this deficit by eating fava bean leaves. In the current study we used Coccinella septempunctata as a model to test the hypotheses that pea aphids are a poor sterol resource independent of their host plant, and that fava beans produce low quality prey regardless of aphid species. Additionally, we tested the reproductive rescue capacity of alfalfa and barley foliage compared to fava, and profiled the sterols of phloem exudates, foliage, and aphids reared on these different hosts. Beetle fecundity and egg viability was significantly better when provided pea aphids reared on alfalfa (compared to fava beans) and green peach aphids reared on fava plants. Alfalfa and barley leaves were not consumed by beetles and did not support beetle reproduction. The sterol profile of aphids largely reflected their host plant phloem. However, green peach aphids from fava acquired 125-times more sterol than pea aphids from fava. Our findings show how the sterol content of different host-plants can affect the third trophic level. Our results suggest that 1) prey quality varies depending on prey species, even when they occur on the same plant, 2) plant species can mediate prey quality, 3) host plant-mediated effects on prey quality partially drive omnivory, and 4) diet-mixing benefits growth and reproduction by redressing micronutrient deficits.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Aphids/growth & development ; Aphids/physiology ; Coleoptera/physiology ; Fertility ; Food Chain ; Herbivory ; Phloem/chemistry ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity ; Vicia faba
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-02-02
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800130-3
    ISSN 1573-1561 ; 0098-0331
    ISSN (online) 1573-1561
    ISSN 0098-0331
    DOI 10.1007/s10886-021-01251-4
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  8. Artikel ; Online: Prey nutrient content creates omnivores out of predators.

    Ugine, Todd A / Krasnoff, Stuart B / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T / Losey, John E

    Ecology letters

    2018  Band 22, Heft 2, Seite(n) 275–283

    Abstract: The proximate forces that create omnivores out of herbivores and predators have long fascinated ecologists, but the causal reasons for a shift to omnivory are poorly understood. Determining what factors influence changes in trophic position are essential ...

    Abstract The proximate forces that create omnivores out of herbivores and predators have long fascinated ecologists, but the causal reasons for a shift to omnivory are poorly understood. Determining what factors influence changes in trophic position are essential as omnivory plays a central role in theoretical and applied ecology. We used sevenspotted lady beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) to test how prey nutrient content affects beetles' propensity to engage in herbivory. We show that beetles consuming an all-prey diet demonstrate normal growth and development, but suffer a complete loss of fitness (spermatogenic failure) that is restored via herbivory and supplementation with phytosterols and cholesterol. Furthermore, we show that lady beetles possess a state-dependent sterol-specific appetite and redressed their sterol deficit by feeding on foliage. These results demonstrate that predators balance their nutrient intake via herbivory when prey quality is low, and reveal a selective force (sterol nutrition) that drives predatory taxa to omnivory.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Coleoptera ; Diet ; Food Chain ; Herbivory ; Nutrients ; Predatory Behavior
    Chemische Substanzen Nutrients
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-12-09
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Letter
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.13186
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  9. Artikel ; Online: Diet micronutrient balance matters: How the ratio of dietary sterols/steroids affects development, growth and reproduction in two lepidopteran insects.

    Jing, Xiangfeng / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T

    Journal of insect physiology

    2014  Band 67, Seite(n) 85–96

    Abstract: Insects lack the ability to synthesize sterols de novo so they acquire this essential nutrient from their food. Cholesterol is the dominant sterol found in most insects, but in plant vegetative tissue it makes up only a small fraction of the total sterol ...

    Abstract Insects lack the ability to synthesize sterols de novo so they acquire this essential nutrient from their food. Cholesterol is the dominant sterol found in most insects, but in plant vegetative tissue it makes up only a small fraction of the total sterol profile. Instead, plants mostly contain phytosterols; plant-feeding insects generate the majority of their cholesterol by metabolizing phytosterols. However, not all phytosterols are readily converted to cholesterol, and some are even deleterious when ingested above a threshold level. In a recent study we showed that caterpillars reared on tobacco accumulating novel sterols/steroids exhibited reduced performance, even when suitable sterols were present. In the current study we examined how the dominant sterols (cholesterol and stigmasterol) and steroids (cholestanol and cholestanone) typical of the modified tobacco plants affected two insect herbivores (Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea). The sterols/steroids were incorporated into synthetic diets singly, as well as in various combinations, ratios and amounts. For each insect species, a range of performance values was recorded for two generations, with the eggs from the 1st-generation adults as the source of neonates for the 2nd-generation. Performance on the novel steroids (cholestanol and cholestanone) was extremely poor compared to suitable sterols (cholesterol and stigmasterol). Additionally, performance tended to decrease as the ratio of the novel dietary steroids increased. We discuss how the balance of different dietary sterols/steroids affected our two caterpillar species, relate this back to recent studies on sterol/steroid metabolism in these two species, and consider the potential application of sterol/steroid modification in crops.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Diet ; Larva/growth & development ; Micronutrients ; Moths/growth & development ; Moths/physiology ; Phytosterols/metabolism ; Reproduction/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Steroids/metabolism ; Sterols/metabolism ; Nicotiana/chemistry ; Nicotiana/parasitology
    Chemische Substanzen Micronutrients ; Phytosterols ; Steroids ; Sterols
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2014-06-19
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1879-1611
    ISSN (online) 1879-1611
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.004
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel: Sterol/steroid metabolism and absorption in a generalist and specialist caterpillar: Effects of dietary sterol/steroid structure, mixture and ratio

    Jing, Xiangfeng / Grebenok, Robert J / Behmer, Spencer T

    Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 2013 July, v. 43, no. 7

    2013  

    Abstract: Insects cannot synthesize sterols de novo, so they typically require a dietary source. Cholesterol is the dominant sterol in most insects, but because plants contain only small amounts of cholesterol, plant-feeding insects generate most of their ... ...

    Abstract Insects cannot synthesize sterols de novo, so they typically require a dietary source. Cholesterol is the dominant sterol in most insects, but because plants contain only small amounts of cholesterol, plant-feeding insects generate most of their cholesterol by metabolizing plant sterols. Plants almost always contain mixtures of different sterols, but some are not readily metabolized to cholesterol. Here we explore, in two separate experiments, how dietary phytosterols and phytosteroids, in different mixtures, ratios, and amounts, affect insect herbivore sterol/steroid metabolism and absorption; we use two caterpillars species – one a generalist (Heliothis virescens), the other a specialist (Manduca sexta). In our first experiment caterpillars were reared on two tobacco lines – one expressing a typical phystosterol profile, the other expressing high amounts/ratios of stanols and 3-ketosteroids. Caterpillars reared on the control tobacco contained mostly cholesterol, but those reared on the modified tobacco had reduced amounts of cholesterol, and lower total sterol/steroid body profiles. In our second experiment, caterpillars were reared on artificial diets containing known amounts of cholesterol, stigmasterol, cholestanol and/or cholestanone, either singly or in various combinations and ratios. Cholesterol and stigmasterol-reared moths were mostly cholesterol, while cholestanol-reared moths were mostly cholestanol. Moth tissue cholesterol concentration tended to decrease as the ratio of dietary cholestanol and/or cholestanone increased. In both moths cholestanone was metabolized into cholestanol and epicholestanol. Interestingly, M. sexta generated much more cholestanol than epicholestanol, while H. virescens did the opposite. Finally, total tissue steroid levels were significantly reduced in moths reared on diets containing very high levels of cholestanol. We discuss how dietary sterol/steroid structural differences are important with respect to sterol/steroid metabolism and uptake, including species-specific differences.
    Schlagwörter Heliothis virescens ; Manduca sexta ; absorption ; artificial diets ; cholesterol ; insect larvae ; moths ; phytophagous insects ; rearing ; steroid metabolism ; stigmasterol ; tobacco
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2013-07
    Umfang p. 580-587.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 1483248-3
    ISSN 1879-0240 ; 0965-1748
    ISSN (online) 1879-0240
    ISSN 0965-1748
    DOI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.03.012
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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