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  1. Article ; Online: Rational and irrational vaccine hesitancy.

    Green, Manfred S

    Israel journal of health policy research

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

    Abstract: In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be tailored to ... ...

    Abstract In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be tailored to the different phases of vaccine hesitancy. However, within the theoretical framework provided in their paper, vaccine hesitancy should be recognized as having both rational and irrational components. Rational vaccine hesitancy is a natural result of the inherent uncertainties in the potential impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic. In general, irrational hesitancy is based on baseless information obtained from hearsay and deliberately false information. Risk communication should address both with transparent, evidence-based information. Rational concerns can be allayed by sharing the process in which dilemmas and uncertainties are dealt with by the health authorities. Messages on irrational concerns need to address head on the sources spreading unscientific and unsound information. In both cases, there is a need to develop risk communication that restores trust in the health authorities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Israel ; Pandemics
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2657655-7
    ISSN 2045-4015 ; 2045-4015
    ISSN (online) 2045-4015
    ISSN 2045-4015
    DOI 10.1186/s13584-023-00560-1
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  2. Article ; Online: Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term?

    Green, Manfred S

    Lancet (London, England)

    2020  Volume 395, Issue 10229, Page(s) 1034–1035

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Civil Defense ; Communication ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Public Opinion ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Terminology as Topic ; Time Factors ; World Health Organization
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30630-9
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  3. Article ; Online: Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates-A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period.

    Peer, Victoria / Schwartz, Naama / Green, Manfred S

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 997025

    Abstract: Introduction: Gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis are occasionally reported. However, the magnitude and consistency of the differences by age group, among different populations, and over extended periods of time are not clear.: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis are occasionally reported. However, the magnitude and consistency of the differences by age group, among different populations, and over extended periods of time are not clear.
    Materials and methods: We obtained national data from seven countries from open-access internet sites or personal communications with official representatives. We computed the male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by country and year for every age group and pooled these ratios using meta-analytic methods. Meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of age, country, and calendar years to the variation in the IRRs.
    Results: In the age groups of < 1, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14, the pooled male-to-female IRRs (with 95% CI) were as follows: 1.21 (1.05, 1.40), 0.99 (0.95, 1.04), 1.01 (0.96, 1.06), and 0.83 (0.77, 0.89), respectively. In the age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65+ years, incidence rates were significantly higher in men, with IRRs of 1.25 (1.16, 1.35), 1.79 (1.56, 2.06), and 1.81 (1.66, 1.96), respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that age significantly contributed to the variation in the IRRs.
    Conclusions: There were gender differences in the incidence rates for tuberculosis, with higher rates in boys aged less than one, no significant differences in boys of ages 1-9, and higher rates in boys/men older than 15. The only excess in female gender was in the age group 10-14 years. The age-related gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates observed over several countries indicate the importance of including sex as a biological variable when assessing the risk factors for tuberculosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Incidence ; Sex Factors ; Developed Countries ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025
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  4. Article ; Online: Corrigendum: Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates-A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period.

    Peer, Victoria / Schwartz, Naama / Green, Manfred S

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1157235

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157235
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  5. Article ; Online: Sex differences in hepatitis A incidence rates-a multi-year pooled-analysis based on national data from nine high-income countries.

    Green, Manfred S / Schwartz, Naama / Peer, Victoria

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0287008

    Abstract: Background: Possible sex differences in hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence rates in different age groups are not well documented. We aimed to obtain stable pooled estimates of such differences based on data from a number of high-income countries.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Possible sex differences in hepatitis A virus (HAV) incidence rates in different age groups are not well documented. We aimed to obtain stable pooled estimates of such differences based on data from a number of high-income countries.
    Methods: We obtained data on incident cases of HAV by sex and age group over a period of 6-25 years from nine countries: Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Israel, Netherland, New Zealand and Spain. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed for each year, by country and age group. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR.
    Results: A male excess in incidence rates was consistently observed in all age groups, although in the youngest and oldest age groups, where the numbers tended to be lower, the lower bounds of the 95% confidence intervals for the IRRs were less than one. In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) over countries and time periods were 1.18 (0.94,1.48), 1.22 (1.16,1.29), 1.07 (1.03,1.11), 1.09 (1.04,1.14), 1.46 (1.30,1.64), 1.32 (1.15,1.51) and 1.10 (0.99,1.23) respectively.
    Conclusions: The excess HAV incidence rates in young males, pooled over a number of countries, suggest that the sex differences are likely to be due at least in part to physiological and biological differences and not just behavioral factors. At older ages, differential exposure plays an important role. These findings, seen in the context of the excess incidence rates in young males for many other infectious diseases, can provide further keys to the mechanisms of the infection.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Developed Countries ; Sex Characteristics ; Hepatitis A virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0287008
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  7. Article ; Online: Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term?

    Green, Manfred S

    The Lancet

    2020  Volume 395, Issue 10229, Page(s) 1034–1035

    Keywords General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30630-9
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  8. Article ; Online: Gender differences in measles incidence rates in a multi-year, pooled analysis, based on national data from seven high income countries.

    Green, Manfred S / Schwartz, Naama / Peer, Victoria

    BMC infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 358

    Abstract: Background: Gender differences in a number of infectious diseases have been reported. The evidence for gender differences in clinical measles incidence rates has been variable and poorly documented over age groups, countries and time periods.: Methods! ...

    Abstract Background: Gender differences in a number of infectious diseases have been reported. The evidence for gender differences in clinical measles incidence rates has been variable and poorly documented over age groups, countries and time periods.
    Methods: We obtained data on cases of measles by sex and age group over a period of 11-27 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed for each year, by country and age group. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Meta-regression was conducted to the estimate the effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR.
    Results: In the age groups < 1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, and 45-64 the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.07 (1.02-1.11), 1.10 (1.07-1.14), 1.03 (1.00-1.05), 1.05 (0.99-1.11), 1.08 (0.95-1.23), and 0.82 (0.74-0.92) respectively. The excess incidence rates (IR) from measles in males up to age 45 are remarkably consistent across countries and time-periods. In the age group 45-64, there is an excess incidence in women.
    Conclusions: The consistency of the excess incidence rates in young males suggest that the sex differences are more likely due to physiological and biological differences and not behavioral factors. At older ages, differential exposure can play a part. These findings can provide further keys to the understanding of mechanisms of infection and tailoring vaccination schedules.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Income ; Male ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041550-3
    ISSN 1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    ISSN 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-022-07340-3
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  9. Article ; Online: A Pooled Analysis of Sex Differences in Rotaviral Enteritis Incidence Rates in Three Countries Over Different Time Periods.

    Peer, Victoria / Schwartz, Naama / Green, Manfred S

    Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 228–237

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-4844
    ISSN (online) 2688-4844
    DOI 10.1089/whr.2021.0096
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  10. Article: Sex Differences in Salmonellosis Incidence Rates-An Eight-Country National Data-Pooled Analysis.

    Peer, Victoria / Schwartz, Naama / Green, Manfred S

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 24

    Abstract: Background: There are few studies on sex differences in the incidence rates (IR) for salmonellosis over several countries by age and time period. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and consistency of the sex and age-specific differences. ...

    Abstract Background: There are few studies on sex differences in the incidence rates (IR) for salmonellosis over several countries by age and time period. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and consistency of the sex and age-specific differences.
    Methods: We analyzed national data from eight countries between 1994 and 2016. We computed country-specific male to female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each age group and pooled the data using meta-analytic methods. Variations of the IRRs by age, country and time period were evaluated using meta-regression.
    Results: The pooled male to female incidence RRs for ages 0-1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14, were 1.04 (1.02-1.06), 1.02 (1.01-1.03), 1.07 (1.05-1.08) and 1.28 (1.23-1.33), respectively. For the ages 15-44 and 45-64, the incidence rates were significantly higher in females. Meta-regression analyses indicate that age groups contributed most of the variation in the male to female IRRs.
    Conclusions: We suggest that genetic and hormonal factors and interactions between hormones and gut microbiota could contribute to the sex differences observed in young children. These findings should provide clues about the mechanisms of the infection, and should be useful in targeting treatments and development of vaccines.
    Highlights: (1) This manuscript provides consistent estimates of the excess salmonellosis incidence rates in male children up to age 15, which suggests an impact of sex hormones or genetic differences. (2) Our findings should promote the further investigations on sex-related determinants of infectious diseases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm10245767
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