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  1. Article ; Online: The Use of Evaluation Panels During the Development of a Digital Intervention for Veterans Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Qualitative Evaluation Study.

    Ryan, Arthur Thomas / Brenner, Lisa Anne / Ulmer, Christi S / Mackintosh, Margaret-Anne / Greene, Carolyn J

    JMIR formative research

    2023  Volume 7, Page(s) e40104

    Abstract: Background: Individuals enrolling in the Veterans Health Administration frequently report symptoms consistent with insomnia disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a gold standard treatment for insomnia disorder. While the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Individuals enrolling in the Veterans Health Administration frequently report symptoms consistent with insomnia disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a gold standard treatment for insomnia disorder. While the Veterans Health Administration has successfully implemented a large dissemination effort to train providers in CBT-I, the limited number of trained CBT-I providers continues to restrict the number of individuals who can receive CBT-I. Digital mental health intervention adaptations of CBT-I have been found to have similar efficacy as traditional CBT-I. To help address the unmet need for insomnia disorder treatment, the VA commissioned the creation of a freely available, internet-delivered digital mental health intervention adaptation of CBT-I known as Path to Better Sleep (PTBS).
    Objective: We aimed to describe the use of evaluation panels composed of veterans and spouses of veterans during the development of PTBS. Specifically, we report on the methods used to conduct the panels, the feedback they provided on elements of the course relevant to user engagement, and how their feedback influenced the design and content of PTBS.
    Methods: A communications firm was contracted to recruit 3 veteran (n=27) and 2 spouse of veteran (n=18) panels and convene them for three 1-hour meetings. Members of the VA team identified key questions for the panels, and the communications firm prepared facilitator guides to elicit feedback on these key questions. The guides provided a script for facilitators to follow while convening the panels. The panels were telephonically conducted, with visual content displayed via remote presentation software. The communications firm prepared reports summarizing the panelists' feedback during each panel meeting. The qualitative feedback described in these reports served as the raw material for this study.
    Results: The panel members provided markedly consistent feedback on several elements of PTBS, including recommendations to emphasize the efficacy of CBT-I techniques; clarify and simplify written content as much as possible; and ensure that content is consistent with the lived experiences of veterans. Their feedback was congruent with previous studies on the factors influencing user engagement with digital mental health interventions. Panelist feedback influenced multiple course design decisions, including reducing the effort required to use the course's sleep diary function, making written content more concise, and selecting veteran testimonial videos that emphasized the benefits of treating chronic insomnia symptoms.
    Conclusions: The veteran and spouse evaluation panels provided useful feedback during the design of PTBS. This feedback was used to make concrete revisions and design decisions consistent with existing research on improving user engagement with digital mental health interventions. We believe that many of the key feedback messages provided by these evaluation panels could prove useful to other digital mental health intervention designers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2561-326X
    ISSN (online) 2561-326X
    DOI 10.2196/40104
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Common practices for sociodemographic data reporting in digital mental health intervention research: a scoping review.

    Kirvin-Quamme, Andrew / Kissinger, Jennifer / Quinlan, Laurel / Montgomery, Robert / Chernenok, Mariya / Pirner, Maddison C / Pajarito, Sarah / Rapoport, Stephanie / Wicks, Paul / Darcy, Alison / Greene, Carolyn J / Robinson, Athena

    BMJ open

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e078029

    Abstract: Background: The ability of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) to reduce mental health disparities relies on the recruitment of research participants with diverse sociodemographic and self-identity characteristics. Despite its importance, ... ...

    Abstract Background: The ability of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) to reduce mental health disparities relies on the recruitment of research participants with diverse sociodemographic and self-identity characteristics. Despite its importance, sociodemographic reporting in research is often limited, and the state of reporting practices in DMHI research in particular has not been comprehensively reviewed.
    Objectives: To characterise the state of sociodemographic data reported in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of app-based DMHIs published globally from 2007 to 2022.
    Methods: A scoping review of RCTs of app-based DMHIs examined reporting frequency for 16 sociodemographic domains (eg, gender) and common category options within each domain (eg, woman). The search queried five electronic databases. 5079 records were screened and 299 articles were included.
    Results: On average, studies reported 4.64 (SD=1.79; range 0-9) of 16 sociodemographic domains. The most common were age (97%) and education (67%). The least common were housing situation (6%), residency/location (5%), veteran status (4%), number of children (3%), sexual orientation (2%), disability status (2%) and food security (<1%). Gender or sex was reported in 98% of studies: gender only (51%), sex only (28%), both (<1%) and gender/sex reported but unspecified (18%). Race or ethnicity was reported in 48% of studies: race only (14%), ethnicity only (14%), both (10%) and race/ethnicity reported but unspecified (10%).
    Conclusions: This review describes the widespread underreporting of sociodemographic information in RCTs of app-based DMHIs published from 2007 to 2022. Reporting was often incomplete (eg, % female only), unclear (eg, the conflation of gender/sex) and limited (eg, only options representing majority groups were reported). Trends suggest reporting has somewhat improved in recent years. Diverse participant populations must be welcomed and described in DMHI research to broaden learning and the generalisability of results, a prerequisite of DMHI's potential to reduce disparities in mental healthcare.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Gender Identity ; Housing ; Mental Health ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Engagement and Clinical Improvement Among Older Adult Primary Care Patients Using a Mobile Intervention for Depression and Anxiety: Case Studies.

    Orr, L Casey / Graham, Andrea K / Mohr, David C / Greene, Carolyn J

    JMIR mental health

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 7, Page(s) e16341

    Abstract: Background: Technology-based mental health interventions are an increasingly attractive option for expanding access to mental health services within the primary care system. Older adults are among the groups that could potentially benefit from the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Technology-based mental health interventions are an increasingly attractive option for expanding access to mental health services within the primary care system. Older adults are among the groups that could potentially benefit from the growing ubiquity of technology-based mental health interventions; however, older adults are perceived to be averse to using technology and have reported barriers to use.
    Objective: The aim of this paper is to present a case study of 3 participants from a clinical trial evaluating IntelliCare, an evidence-based mobile intervention for depression and anxiety, among adults recruited from primary care clinics. Our report of these 3 participants, who were aged 60 years or older, focuses on their engagement with the IntelliCare service (ie, app use, coach communication) and clinical changes in depression or anxiety symptoms over the intervention period.
    Methods: The 3 case study participants were offered IntelliCare with coaching for 8 weeks. The intervention consisted of 5 treatment intervention apps that support a variety of psychological skills, a Hub app that contained psychoeducational content and administered weekly assessments, and coaching for encouragement, accountability, and technical assistance as needed. The 3 case study participants were selected to reflect the overall demographics of participants within the trial and because their interactions with IntelliCare provided a good illustration of varied experiences regarding engagement with the intervention.
    Results: The 3 participants' unique experiences with the intervention are described. Despite potential barriers and experiencing some technical glitches, the participants showed proficient ability to use the apps, high levels of participation through frequent app use and coach interaction, and decreased depression and anxiety scores. At the end of the 8-week intervention, each of these 3 participants expressed great enthusiasm for the benefit of this program through feedback to their coach, and they each identified a number of ways they had seen improvements in themselves.
    Conclusions: These 3 cases provide examples of older individuals who engaged with and benefitted from the IntelliCare service. Although the results from these 3 cases may not generalize to others, they provide an important, informed perspective of the experiences that can contribute to our understanding of how older adults use and overcome barriers to mental health technologies. The findings also contribute toward the ultimate goal of ensuring that the IntelliCare intervention is appropriate for individuals of all ages.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-08
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2798262-2
    ISSN 2368-7959
    ISSN 2368-7959
    DOI 10.2196/16341
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: New Electronic Tools for Veterans.

    Weingardt, Kenneth R / Greene, Carolyn J

    North Carolina medical journal

    2016  Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 332–334

    Abstract: The US Department of Veterans Affairs, in partnership with the Department of Defense, has developed a host of new electronic tools designed to address the mental and behavioral health needs of military service members and veterans. These tools include ... ...

    Abstract The US Department of Veterans Affairs, in partnership with the Department of Defense, has developed a host of new electronic tools designed to address the mental and behavioral health needs of military service members and veterans. These tools include online self-help programs and companion mobile apps, as well as many of the apps available through the VA App Store. This commentary provides a brief overview of these new tools and discusses some of the ways in which physicians and other medical providers in North Carolina can incorporate these tools into their work with veterans.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Internet ; Mobile Applications ; North Carolina ; United States ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs/organization & administration ; Veterans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 422795-5
    ISSN 0029-2559
    ISSN 0029-2559
    DOI 10.18043/ncm.76.5.332
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Enhancing Problem-Solving Therapy With Smartphone Technology: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Grubbs, Kathleen M / Abraham, Traci H / Pyne, Jeffrey M / Greene, Carolyn J / Teng, Ellen J / Fortney, John C

    Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

    2022  Volume 73, Issue 7, Page(s) 805–808

    Abstract: Objective: Development of smartphone apps for mental health care has outpaced research on their effectiveness. This pilot study tested Moving Forward: Methods: Thirty-three veterans seeking mental health care in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Development of smartphone apps for mental health care has outpaced research on their effectiveness. This pilot study tested Moving Forward
    Methods: Thirty-three veterans seeking mental health care in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics were randomly assigned to receive six sessions of PST accompanied by either the Moving Forward app (N=17) or a workbook (N=16). Participants completed measures of anxiety, depression, stress, problem-solving style, satisfaction, and between-session practice at baseline and 6- and 12-week follow-ups. Qualitative interviews were used to elicit feedback.
    Results: Participants in both groups reported high satisfaction and reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. Veterans who used the app reported skills practice, and qualitative data indicated that patients perceived the app as valuable, with the potential to reduce barriers to care.
    Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence to support the ability of the Moving Forward app to augment brief psychotherapy in primary care clinics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Pilot Projects ; Psychotherapy ; Smartphone ; Veterans/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1220173-x
    ISSN 1557-9700 ; 1075-2730
    ISSN (online) 1557-9700
    ISSN 1075-2730
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.201900254
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Analysis of Caregiver Burden Expressed in Social Media Discussions.

    Shoults, Catherine C / Rutherford, Michael W / Kemp, Aaron S / Addicott, Merideth A / Brown, Aliza / Greene, Carolyn J / Hayes, Corey J / Gan, Jennifer M / Larson-Prior, Linda J / Bona, Jonathan P

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 3

    Abstract: Almost 40% of US adults provide informal caregiving, yet research gaps remain around what burdens affect informal caregivers. This study uses a novel social media site, Reddit, to mine and better understand what online communities focus on as their ... ...

    Abstract Almost 40% of US adults provide informal caregiving, yet research gaps remain around what burdens affect informal caregivers. This study uses a novel social media site, Reddit, to mine and better understand what online communities focus on as their caregiving burdens. These forums were accessed using an application programming interface, a machine learning classifier was developed to remove low information posts, and topic modeling was applied to the corpus. An expert panel summarized the forums' themes into ten categories. The largest theme extracted from Reddit's forums discussed the personal emotional toll of being a caregiver. This was followed by logistic issues while caregiving and caring for parents who have cancer. Smaller themes included approaches to end-of-life care, physical equipment needs when caregiving, and the use of wearables or technology to help monitor care recipients. The platform often discusses caregiving for parents which may reflect the age of Reddit's users. This study confirms that Reddit forums are used for caregivers to discuss the burdens associated with their role and the types of stress that can result from informal caregiving.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Caregiver Burden ; Social Media ; Caregivers/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20031933
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Targeting subjective engagement in experimental therapeutics for digital mental health interventions.

    Graham, Andrea K / Kwasny, Mary J / Lattie, Emily G / Greene, Carolyn J / Gupta, Neha V / Reddy, Madhu / Mohr, David C

    Internet interventions

    2021  Volume 25, Page(s) 100403

    Abstract: Engagement is a multifaceted construct and a likely mechanism by which digital interventions achieve clinical improvements. To date, clinical research on digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) has overwhelmingly defined engagement and assessed its ... ...

    Abstract Engagement is a multifaceted construct and a likely mechanism by which digital interventions achieve clinical improvements. To date, clinical research on digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) has overwhelmingly defined engagement and assessed its association with clinical outcomes through the objective/behavioral metrics of use of or interactions with a DMHI, such as number of log-ins or time spent using the technology. However, engagement also entails users' subjective experience. Research is largely lacking that tests the relationship between subjective metrics of engagement and clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to present a proof-of-concept exploratory evaluation of the association between subjective engagement measures of a mobile DMHI with changes in depression and anxiety. Adult primary care patients (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2764252-5
    ISSN 2214-7829 ; 2214-7829
    ISSN (online) 2214-7829
    ISSN 2214-7829
    DOI 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100403
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: What's in Between the Lines: Assessing the Readability, Understandability, and Actionability in Breast Cancer Survivorship Print Materials.

    Parker, Pearman D / Prabhu, Arpan V / Su, L Joseph / Zorn, Kristin K / Greene, Carolyn J / Hadden, Kristie B / McSweeney, Jean C

    Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education

    2021  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 1532–1539

    Abstract: Educational print materials for young women breast cancer survivors (YBCS) are supplemental tools used in patient teaching. However, the readability of the text coupled with how well YBCS understand or act upon the material are rarely explored. The ... ...

    Abstract Educational print materials for young women breast cancer survivors (YBCS) are supplemental tools used in patient teaching. However, the readability of the text coupled with how well YBCS understand or act upon the material are rarely explored. The purpose of this study was to assess the readability, understandability, and actionability of commonly distributed breast cancer survivorship print materials. We used an environmental scan approach to obtain a sample of breast cancer survivorship print materials available in outpatient oncology clinics in the central region of a largely rural Southern state. The readability analyses were completed using the Flesch-Kincaid (F-K), Fry Graph Readability Formula (Fry), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). Understandability and actionability were analyzed using Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P). The environmental scan resulted in a final sample of 14 materials. The mean readability of the majority of survivorship materials was "difficult," but the majority scored above the recommended 70% in both understandability and actionability. The importance of understandability and actionability may outweigh readability results in cancer education survivorship material. While reading grade level cannot be dismissed all together, we surmise that patient behavior may hinge more on other factors such as understandability and actionability. Personalized teaching accompanying print material may help YBCS comprehend key messages and promote acting upon specific tasks.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms ; Cancer Survivors ; Comprehension ; Female ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Internet ; Smog ; Teaching Materials
    Chemical Substances Smog
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 632898-2
    ISSN 1543-0154 ; 0885-8195 ; 1543-1154
    ISSN (online) 1543-0154
    ISSN 0885-8195 ; 1543-1154
    DOI 10.1007/s13187-021-02003-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Promoting benzodiazepine cessation through an electronically-delivered patient self-management intervention (EMPOWER-ED): Randomized controlled trial protocol.

    Cucciare, Michael A / Hagedorn, Hildi J / Bounthavong, Mark / Abraham, Traci H / Greene, Carolyn J / Han, Xiaotong / Kemp, Lakiesha / Marchant, Kathy / White, Penny / Humphreys, Keith

    Contemporary clinical trials communications

    2022  Volume 29, Page(s) 100994

    Abstract: Background: Long-term benzodiazepine dependence carries significant health risks which might be reduced with low-cost patient self-management interventions. A booklet version of one such intervention (Eliminating Medications Through Patient Ownership of ...

    Abstract Background: Long-term benzodiazepine dependence carries significant health risks which might be reduced with low-cost patient self-management interventions. A booklet version of one such intervention (Eliminating Medications Through Patient Ownership of End Results; EMPOWER) proved effective in a Canadian clinical trial with older adults. Digitizing such an intervention for electronic delivery and tailoring it to different populations could expand its reach. Accordingly, this article describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an electronically-delivered, direct-to-patient benzodiazepine cessation intervention tailored to U.S. military veterans.
    Methods: Design: Two-arm individually randomized controlled trial.
    Setting: US Veterans Health Administration primary care clinics.
    Participants: Primary care patients taking benzodiazepines for three or more months and having access to a smartphone, tablet or desktop computer.
    Intervention and comparator: Participants will be randomized to receive either the electronically-delivered EMPOWER (EMPOWER-ED) protocol or asked to continue to follow provider recommendations regarding their benzodiazepine use (treatment-as-usual).
    Measurements: The primary outcomes are complete benzodiazepine cessation and 25% dose reduction, assessed using administrative and self-report data, between baseline and six-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are self-reported anxiety symptoms, sleep quality, and overall health and quality of life, measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up, and benzodiazepine cessation at 12-month follow-up.
    Comments: This randomized controlled trial will evaluate whether the accessibility and effectiveness of a promising intervention for benzodiazepine cessation can be improved through digitization and population tailoring.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2451-8654
    ISSN (online) 2451-8654
    DOI 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100994
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Coached Mobile App Platform for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety Among Primary Care Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Graham, Andrea K / Greene, Carolyn J / Kwasny, Mary J / Kaiser, Susan M / Lieponis, Paul / Powell, Thomas / Mohr, David C

    JAMA psychiatry

    2020  Volume 77, Issue 9, Page(s) 906–914

    Abstract: Importance: Depression and anxiety are common and disabling. Primary care is the de facto site for treating these mental health problems but is typically underresourced to meet the burden of these demands.: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Depression and anxiety are common and disabling. Primary care is the de facto site for treating these mental health problems but is typically underresourced to meet the burden of these demands.
    Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile intervention platform, IntelliCare, for addressing depression and anxiety among primary care patients.
    Design, setting, and participants: Two-arm randomized clinical trial at internal medicine clinics at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Adult primary care patients (N = 146) who screened positive for depression on the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ; score  ≥ 10) or anxiety on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; score ≥ 8) were recruited between July 17, 2018, and December 14, 2018.
    Interventions: The coach-supported platform composed of a suite of apps, was delivered over 8 weeks. Wait list control participants received treatment as usual for 8 weeks, then the mobile platform.
    Main outcomes and measures: Primary outcomes were changes in depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) during the intervention period. Secondary outcomes were differences in the proportion of patients who achieved recovery (PHQ-9/GAD-7 <5 or 50% improvement from baseline), sustainment of intervention effects during 2-month follow-up, and app use during the intervention period.
    Results: One hundred forty-six patients were included (119 of 146 were women [81.5%]; mean [SD] age, 42.3 [13.8] years). Of the 146 patients, 122 (83.6%) were diagnosed as having depression and 131 (89.7%) were diagnosed as having anxiety. A greater proportion of intervention vs wait list control participants achieved recovery from depression (n = 38 of 64 [59%] vs n = 18 of 58 [31%]; odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.54-6.86) and anxiety (n = 37 of 65 [57%] vs n = 25 of 66 [38%]; odds ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.08-4.36). Sustained effects were observed for depression (slope, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.10; P = .92) and anxiety scores (slope, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.12; P = .67) during follow-up. App use was high, with a median of 93 and 98 sessions among participants with depression and anxiety, respectively.
    Conclusions and relevance: In this trial, a mobile intervention app was effective for depression and anxiety among primary care patients. Findings also support designing digital mental health interventions as platforms containing simple, brief apps that can be bundled by users to meet their needs.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03500536.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Depressive Disorder/therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Internet-Based Intervention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mobile Applications ; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ; Patient Education as Topic/methods ; Primary Health Care ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Telemedicine/methods ; Telephone ; Text Messaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2701203-7
    ISSN 2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
    ISSN (online) 2168-6238
    ISSN 2168-622X
    DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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