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Article ; Online: Bone Health in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Diagnosis and Management.

Vincze, Anett / Gaál, János / Griger, Zoltán

2021 Volume 23, Issue 7, Page(s) 55

Abstract: Purpose of review: This article provides an update on the most recent advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic approaches for myositis-associated bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and bone fractures.: Recent ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: This article provides an update on the most recent advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic approaches for myositis-associated bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and bone fractures. Recent findings: In the recent years, several studies showed that osteoporosis and consequent fractures are a common and frequently underestimated complication in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). In younger patients, asymptomatic fractures might present in the early phase of the disease which could increase the risk of development of further fractures. High-risk patients could be selected with early application of combined diagnostic procedures, such as fracture risk scores with steroid dose adjustments and imaging. Recent advances might help clinicians from different fields of medicine in the early recognition and management of myositis-associated osteoporosis, which will potentially improve the quality of life of patients with IIM.
MeSH term(s)	Bone Density ; Humans ; Myositis/complications ; Myositis/diagnosis ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2057357-1
ISSN	1534-6307 ; 1523-3774
ISSN (online)	1534-6307
ISSN	1523-3774
DOI	10.1007/s11926-021-01016-8
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Zs.A 5531: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Subclinical systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction in polyphasic polymyositis/dermatomyositis: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Péter, Andrea / Balogh, Ágnes / Csanádi, Zoltán / Dankó, Katalin / Griger, Zoltan

Arthritis research & therapy

2022 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 219

Abstract: Background: Cardiac involvement in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk; however, little is known about the progression of cardiac dysfunction and long-term data are scarce. In ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiac involvement in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk; however, little is known about the progression of cardiac dysfunction and long-term data are scarce. In the present work, we intended to prospectively study echocardiographic parameters in patients with IIM for 2 years. Methods: Twenty-eight IIM patients (41.9±1.6 years) without cardiovascular symptoms were enrolled. Patients with monophasic/polyphasic disease patterns were studied separately and compared to age-matched healthy individuals. Conventional echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters of systolic [LV: ejection fraction (EF), mitral annulus systolic movement (MAPSE), lateral s') and diastolic left (mitral inflow velocities, lateral anulus velocities: e', a', E/e') and right ventricular function (fractional area change: FAC, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion: TAPSE) were measured at the time of the diagnosis and 2 years later. Results: Subclinical LV systolic dysfunction is characterized by reduced lateral s' (10.4 vs. 6.4 cm/s, p<0.05), EF (62.6±0.6%, vs. 51.7±0.7%) and MAPSE (18.5±0.6 vs. 14.5±0.6 mm) could be observed in IIM patients with polyphasic disease course 2 years after diagnosis compared to controls. Furthermore, diastolic LV function showed a marked deterioration to grade I diastolic dysfunction at 2 years in the polyphasic group (lateral e': 12.9 ±0.6, vs. 7.4±0.3 cm/s; lateral a': 10.7±0.3, vs. 17.3±0.8 cm/s; p<0.05) supported by larger left atrium (32.1±0.6 vs. 37.8±0.6 mm; p<0.05]. TDI measurements confirmed subclinical RV systolic dysfunction in polyphasic patients 2 years after diagnosis (FAC: 45.6±1.8%, vs. 32.7±1.4%; TAPSE: 22.7±0.5, vs. 18.1±0.3 mm; p<0.05). Similar, but not significant tendencies could be detected in patients with monophasic disease patterns. Polyphasic patients showed significantly (p<0.05) worse results compared to monophasic patients regarding EF (51.7±0.7% vs. 58.1±0.6%), lateral s' (6.4±0.4 cm/sec vs. 8.6±0.4 cm/s,), left atrium (37.8±0.6 mm vs. 33.3±0.8 mm), FAC (32.7±1.4% vs. 41.0±1.6%) and TAPSE (18.1±0.3 mm vs. 21.3±0.7 mm). Conclusions: Significant subclinical cardiac dysfunction could be detected in IIM patients with polyphasic disease course 2 years after diagnosis, which identifies them as a high-risk population. TDI is a useful method to detect echocardiographic abnormalities in IIM complementing conventional echocardiography and can recognize the high cardiac risk.
MeSH term(s)	Dermatomyositis ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Systole ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2107602-9
ISSN	1478-6362 ; 1478-6354
ISSN (online)	1478-6362
ISSN	1478-6354
DOI	10.1186/s13075-022-02906-7
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Article: Pruritus: A Sensory Symptom Generated in Cutaneous Immuno-Neuronal Crosstalk.

Szöllősi, Attila Gábor / Oláh, Attila / Lisztes, Erika / Griger, Zoltán / Tóth, Balázs István

Frontiers in pharmacology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 745658

Abstract: Pruritus or itch generated in the skin is one of the most widespread symptoms associated with various dermatological and systemic (immunological) conditions. Although many details about the molecular mechanisms of the development of both acute and ... ...

Abstract	Pruritus or itch generated in the skin is one of the most widespread symptoms associated with various dermatological and systemic (immunological) conditions. Although many details about the molecular mechanisms of the development of both acute and chronic itch were uncovered in the last 2 decades, our understanding is still incomplete and the clinical management of pruritic conditions is one of the biggest challenges in daily dermatological practice. Recent research revealed molecular interactions between pruriceptive sensory neurons and surrounding cutaneous cell types including keratinocytes, as well as resident and transient cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Especially in inflammatory conditions, these cutaneous cells can produce various mediators, which can contribute to the excitation of pruriceptive sensory fibers resulting in itch sensation. There also exists significant communication in the opposite direction: sensory neurons can release mediators that maintain an inflamed, pruritic tissue-environment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the sensory transduction of pruritus detailing the local intercellular interactions that generate itch. We especially emphasize the role of various pruritic mediators in the bidirectional crosstalk between cutaneous non-neuronal cells and sensory fibers. We also list various dermatoses and immunological conditions associated with itch, and discuss the potential immune-neuronal interactions promoting the development of pruritus in the particular diseases. These data may unveil putative new targets for antipruritic pharmacological interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2022.745658
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Article ; Online: The role of protein kinase C isoenzymes in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases.

Sipka, Sándor / Bíró, Tamás / Czifra, Gabriella / Griger, Zoltán / Gergely, Pál / Brugós, Boglárka / Tarr, Tünde

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

2022 Volume 241, Page(s) 109071

Abstract: The physiological role of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes in the immune system is presented briefly. From earlier publications of others data were collected how the defects of one/two isoenzymes of PKC system suggested their involvement in the ... ...

Abstract	The physiological role of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes in the immune system is presented briefly. From earlier publications of others data were collected how the defects of one/two isoenzymes of PKC system suggested their involvement in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases. Our observations on the defects of seven PKC isoenzymes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) demonstrate that these molecular impairments are not prerequisits of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease and Sjögren's syndrome. However, these defects can modulate the disease activity and symptoms especially in SLE by several pathways. The role of PKC system in other forms of autoimmune diseases is also very small. It was of note that we detected decreased expression of PKC isoenzymes in PBMC of a European white family with an X-linked genetic background showing seasonal undulations in the lupus patient and also in her healthy mother.
MeSH term(s)	Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics
Chemical Substances	Isoenzymes ; Protein Kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1459903-x
ISSN	1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
ISSN (online)	1521-7035
ISSN	1521-6616
DOI	10.1016/j.clim.2022.109071
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Zs.A 880: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Incidence, features, and outcome of disease relapse after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

Nagy-Vincze, Melinda / Béldi, Tibor / Szabó, Katalin / Vincze, Anett / Miltényi-Szabó, Balázs / Varga, Zsófia / Varga, József / Griger, Zoltán

Muscle & nerve

2023 Volume 67, Issue 5, Page(s) 371–377

Abstract: Introduction/aims: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is relatively safe in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM); however, myositis flares following vaccination have been poorly studied. We aimed to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction/aims: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is relatively safe in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM); however, myositis flares following vaccination have been poorly studied. We aimed to evaluate the frequency, features, and outcomes of disease relapses in patients with IIM following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A cohort of 176 IIM patients were interviewed after the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and followed prospectively. Relapses were determined using the disease state criteria and the outcome of the flares with myositis response criteria, calculating the total improvement score (TIS). Results: A total of 146 (82.9%) patients received a vaccination, 17/146 (11.6%) patients had a relapse within 3 mo, and 13/146 (8.9%) patients within 1 mo. The relapse rate of unvaccinated patients was 3.3%. Three months after the post-vaccination relapses, 70.6% of the patients (12/17) achieved an improvement of disease activity (average TIS score: 30 ± 15.81; seven minor, five moderate, and zero major improvements). Six months after flares improvement was detected in 15/17(88.2%) of relapsed patients (average TIS score: 43.1 ± 19.53; 3 minimal, 8 moderate, and 4 major). Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the active state of myositis at the time of injection (p < .0001; odds ratio, 33; confidence interval, 9-120) was significantly associated with the occurrence of a relapse. Discussion: A minority of the vaccinated IIM patients had a confirmed disease flare after COVID-19 vaccination and the majority of the relapses improved after individualized treatment. An active disease state at the time of vaccination probably contributes to the increased risk of a post vaccination myositis flare.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Incidence ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Myositis/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Recurrence ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	438353-9
ISSN	1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
ISSN (online)	1097-4598
ISSN	0148-639X
DOI	10.1002/mus.27811
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Zs.A 1449: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Novel aspects of muscle involvement in immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathies and connective tissue diseases.

Mogyoróssy, Sándor / Nagy-Vincze, Melinda / Griger, Zoltán / Dankó, Katalin / Szabó, Nóra Anna / Szekanecz, Zoltán / Szűcs, Gabriella / Szántó, Antónia / Bodoki, Levente

Autoimmunity reviews

2023 Volume 22, Issue 5, Page(s) 103311

Abstract: Myalgia, myopathy and myositis are the most important types of muscle impairment in immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathies and connective tissue diseases. Multiple pathogenetic and histological changes occur in the striated muscles of these patients. ...

Abstract	Myalgia, myopathy and myositis are the most important types of muscle impairment in immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathies and connective tissue diseases. Multiple pathogenetic and histological changes occur in the striated muscles of these patients. Clinically, the most important muscle involvement is the one that causes complaints to the patients. In everyday practice, insidious symptoms present a serious problem for the clinician; in many cases, it is difficult to decide when and how to treat the muscle symptoms that are often present only subclinically. In this work, authors review the international literature on the types of muscle problems in autoimmune diseases. In scleroderma histopathological picture of muscle shows a very heterogeneous picture, necrosis and atrophy are common. In rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, myopathy is a much less defined concept, further studies are needed to describe it. According to our view, overlap myositis should be recognized as a separate entity, preferably with distinct histological and serological characteristics. More studies are needed to describe muscle impairment in autoimmune diseases which may help to explore this topic more in depth and be of clinical use.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Connective Tissue Diseases/complications ; Myositis ; Autoimmune Diseases/complications ; Muscular Diseases/etiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Scleroderma, Systemic/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2144145-5
ISSN	1873-0183 ; 1568-9972
ISSN (online)	1873-0183
ISSN	1568-9972
DOI	10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103311
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Zs.A 5913: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Safety and tolerability of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with active dermatomyositis: results from the randomised, placebo-controlled ProDERM study.

Aggarwal, Rohit / Schessl, Joachim / Charles-Schoeman, Christina / Bata-Csörgő, Zsuzsanna / Dimachkie, Mazen M / Griger, Zoltan / Moiseev, Sergey / Oddis, Chester V / Schiopu, Elena / Vencovský, Jiri / Beckmann, Irene / Clodi, Elisabeth / Levine, Todd

Arthritis research & therapy

2024 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 27

Abstract: Background: Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterised by rashes and progressive muscle weakness. The recent ProDERM (Progress in DERMatomyositis) study is the first large randomised, placebo-controlled trial to establish the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterised by rashes and progressive muscle weakness. The recent ProDERM (Progress in DERMatomyositis) study is the first large randomised, placebo-controlled trial to establish the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in adult patients with dermatomyositis. Objectives of this analysis were to closely examine the safety and tolerability of IVIg in patients from the ProDERM study. Methods: ProDERM was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. In the first period (weeks 0-16), adults with active dermatomyositis received 2.0 g/kg IVIg (Octagam 10%; Octapharma AG) or placebo every 4 weeks. In the open-label extension period (weeks 16-40), all patients received IVIg for 6 additional cycles; dose reduction (1.0 g/kg) was permitted if patients were stable. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were documented. Results: The 95 patients enrolled were randomised to receive IVIg (N = 47) or placebo (N = 48) in the first period, with 5 switching from placebo to IVIg. Overall, 664 IVIg infusion cycles were administered. During the first period, 113 TEAEs were possibly/probably related to treatment in 30/52 patients (57.7%) receiving IVIg and 38 in 11 patients (22.9%) on placebo. Eight patients discontinued therapy due to IVIg-related TEAEs. Eight thromboembolic events (TEEs) occurred in six patients on IVIg; six in five patients were deemed possibly/probably related to IVIg. Patients with TEEs exhibited more baseline TEE risk factors than those without TEEs (2.4-15.2-fold higher). Lowering infusion rate reduced the rate of TEEs, and none occurred at the lower IVIg dose. No haemolytic transfusion reactions or deaths occurred. Conclusions: Results from this study demonstrate that IVIg has a favourable safety profile for treatment of adult dermatomyositis patients and provides evidence that will help to inform treatment choice for these patients. Dermatomyositis patients receiving high-dose IVIg should be monitored for TEEs, and a low rate of infusion should be used to minimise TEE risk, particularly in those with pre-existing risk factors. Trial registration: ProDERM study (NCT02728752).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects ; Dermatomyositis/drug therapy ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Myositis/chemically induced ; Double-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2107602-9
ISSN	1478-6362 ; 1478-6354
ISSN (online)	1478-6362
ISSN	1478-6354
DOI	10.1186/s13075-023-03232-2
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Article: The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on idiopathic inflammatory myositis patients: a single centre experience.

Béldi, Tibor / Vincze, Anett / Miltényi-Szabó, Balázs / Varga, Zsófia / Szabó, Katalin / Griger, Zoltán / Nagy-Vincze, Melinda

Clinical and experimental rheumatology

2022 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 254–260

Abstract: Objectives: Pandemic caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) determines the life of clinicians and patients since 2 years. We have a lot of information about disease course, treatment and protection against virus, but less on the prognosis of infection ...

Abstract	Objectives: Pandemic caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) determines the life of clinicians and patients since 2 years. We have a lot of information about disease course, treatment and protection against virus, but less on the prognosis of infection in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Also few data are available on triggered humoral response and side effects after vaccination. Methods: Our goal was to assess by a retrospective cross-sectional study the above data in our cohort (176 IIM patients) by identifying COVID-19 positive patients and follow disease course. Incidence and complications of vaccination were determined by questionnaires. 101 patients volunteered for complex blood test. Results: By June 1st, 2021 significantly higher incidence of COVID 19 infections (34.7%) were identified comparing to the national prevalence (8.2%). A third of these infections occurred asymptomatically or mild. Patients requiring hospitalisation had a significantly longer disease duration and a higher incidence of anti-Jo-1 antibody. All patients infected by COVID-19 became seropositive regardless the immunosuppressive therapy or symptoms severity. 54.3% of the patients received anti-COVID-19 vaccine. 72.3% of patients became seropositive after vaccination. Higher antibody titer against spike protein was detected after Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination compared to others. Patients receiving steroid therapy had decreased post-vaccination antibody response compared to those without steroid treatment. No major post-vaccination infection was observed. Conclusions: Based on our results, myositis may be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Independent risk factor for hospitalisation are longer disease duration and anti-Jo1 positivity. Anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccines seem safe and tolerable and strongly recommended for that population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pandemics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 ; Disease Progression ; Steroids
Chemical Substances	Steroids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605886-3
ISSN	1593-098X ; 0392-856X
ISSN (online)	1593-098X
ISSN	0392-856X
DOI	10.55563/clinexprheumatol/eisexh
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Zs.A 2002: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Patient global assessment and inflammatory markers in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies - A longitudinal study.

Lodin, Karin / Espinosa-Ortega, Fabricio / Dastmalchi, Maryam / Vencovsky, Jiri / Andersson, Helena / Chinoy, Hector / Lilleker, James B / Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki / Maurer, Britta / Griger, Zoltan / Ceribelli, Angela / Torres-Ruiz, Jiram / Mercado M, Vazquez-Del / Leonard, Dag / Alexanderson, Helene / Lundberg, Ingrid E

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism

2024 Volume 65, Page(s) 152379

Abstract: Aim: To explore if patient global assessment (PGA) is associated with inflammation over time and if associations are explained by other measures of disease activity and function in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM).: Methods: PGA ...

Abstract	Aim: To explore if patient global assessment (PGA) is associated with inflammation over time and if associations are explained by other measures of disease activity and function in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Methods: PGA and systemic inflammatory markers prospectively collected over five years were retrieved from the International MyoNet registry for 1200 patients with IIM. Associations between PGA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) were analyzed using mixed models. Mediation analysis was used to test if the association between PGA and inflammatory markers during the first year of observation could be explained by measures of disease activity and function. Results: PGA improved, and inflammatory markers decreased during the first year of observation. In the mixed models, high levels of inflammatory markers were associated with worse PGA in both men and women across time points during five years of observation. In men, but not in women, the association between elevated ESR, CRP and poorer PGA was explained by measures of function and disease activity. With a few exceptions, the association between improved PGA and reduced inflammatory markers was partially mediated by improvements in all measures of function and disease activity. Conclusion: Increased levels of systemic inflammation are associated with poorer PGA in patients with IIM. In addition to known benefits of lowered inflammation, these findings emphasize the need to reduce systemic inflammation to improve subjective health in patients with IIM. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the importance of incorporating PGA as an outcome measure in clinical practice and clinical trials.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Myositis/complications ; Inflammation ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Blood Sedimentation
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120247-9
ISSN	1532-866X ; 0049-0172
ISSN (online)	1532-866X
ISSN	0049-0172
DOI	10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152379
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Zs.A 790: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Pharmacological management of dermatomyositis.

Griger, Zoltán / Nagy-Vincze, Melinda / Dankó, Katalin

Expert review of clinical pharmacology

2017 Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) 1109–1118

Abstract: Introduction: Dermatomyositis is a rare heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement which can result in significant disability and mortality. Despite the lack of placebo-controlled trials, glucocorticoids are considered to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Dermatomyositis is a rare heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement which can result in significant disability and mortality. Despite the lack of placebo-controlled trials, glucocorticoids are considered to be the mainstay of initial management. Treatment strategies are mainly based on uncontrolled studies, evidence based guidelines for treatments do not exist. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the currently available pharmacological treatments in the field of dermatomyositis including conventional immunosuppressants, biologics and topical agents. The role of antibodies in different treatment responses of dermatomyositis related clinicoserological syndromes is also discussed. A PubMed search was performed in order to find relevant literature for this review. Expert commentary: Early recognition and intervention is essential to ameliorate disease outcome. Determination of antibodies provide a useful key in diagnosis, clinical manifestations, malignancy, prognosis, and treatment response and may lead to wider acceptance of personalized medicine. Corticosteroids with adjunctive steroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapies are recommended to treat disease activity, prevent mortality, and reduce long-term disability. Combinations of second-line therapies or newer third-line therapies are used in severe, refractory, or corticosteroid-dependent diseases. Further research is required to assess the role of new therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Cutaneous ; Antibodies/immunology ; Biological Products/administration & dosage ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Dermatomyositis/diagnosis ; Dermatomyositis/drug therapy ; Dermatomyositis/immunology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Precision Medicine ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Antibodies ; Biological Products ; Glucocorticoids ; Immunosuppressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1751-2441
ISSN (online)	1751-2441
DOI	10.1080/17512433.2017.1353910
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