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Article ; Online: Multimedia stream hashing: A forensic method for content verification.

Wales, Gregory S / Smith, Jeff M / Lacey, Douglas S / Grigoras, Catalin

2022

Abstract: Forensic examination of digital audio, video, and images frequently requires transforming multimedia data from one format to another. The transformative activity may cause changes to the administrative elements of the file but leave the multimedia ... ...

Abstract	Forensic examination of digital audio, video, and images frequently requires transforming multimedia data from one format to another. The transformative activity may cause changes to the administrative elements of the file but leave the multimedia streams unchanged and intact. However, the forensic science community has a method knowledge gap in accurately determining if the multimedia streams changed or remained the same in the transformative processes. This paper illustrates the practical use of multimedia stream hashing as a forensic method for verifying multimedia content. A universal stream hashing tool decodes the multimedia stream data at rest in a file container. Subsequently, it calculates the data stream hash using reference video, audio, and image codecs. This paper illustrates that the multimedia stream hashing method can accurately confirm the integrity of digital images, videos, and audio following transmission, transcoding, or re-containerization. Our findings confirmed that stream hashing could accurately detect changes in multimedia streams during transcoding. Furthermore, the stream hashing method can also accurately detect matching multimedia streams. In addition, this paper verified the forensic use of the multimedia stream hash method while establishing the error rate for its use. The hash algorithms used in stream hashing have zero false negative rates by design. However, the false positive (error rate) is extremely low and depends on hashing algorithm. Finally, we recommend the forensic science community adopt the multimedia stream hashing method as an initial testing method. The method can verify a multimedia stream's conversion (transcoding) from one codec to another using FFmpeg.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219216-0
ISSN	1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
ISSN (online)	1556-4029
ISSN	0022-1198
DOI	10.1111/1556-4029.15148
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Article ; Online: The circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

Daniela, Matei / Grigoras, Carmen / Cuciureanu, Dan / Constantinescu, Victor

Acta neurologica Belgica

2021 Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 129–137

Abstract: Hypertension is considered a risk factor for stroke and dementia. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate blood pressure using ABPM, in 30 Alzheimer's ... ...

Abstract	Hypertension is considered a risk factor for stroke and dementia. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate blood pressure using ABPM, in 30 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 30 vascular dementia (VaD) patients in comparison with 30 healthy controls. BP was recorded every 15 min from 6 AM to 10 PM, and every 30 min from 10 PM to 6 AM. Mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure during daytime, nighttime, diurnal index, pulse pressure, and heart rate were extracted from the ABPM recordings. VaD patients presented higher SBP values compared to AD patients and healthy controls. DBP values in the AD group were the lowest, while VaD patients presented the highest DBP values, including day and nighttime. Mean arterial pressure values were also the highest in the VaD group, while AD patients had similar values with the control group. The VaD patients presented the lowest systolic diurnal index compared to AD patients and controls. The mean pulse pressure and nighttime pulse pressure values were higher in both groups of dementia patients when compared with the control group. Increased SBP, pulse pressure, and alteration in the circadian pattern with the highest incidence of the non-dipper and reverse dipper patterns were found in patients with dementia when compared with the healthy elderly. Also, decreased values of DBP were found in AD patients, especially during the night period.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Alzheimer Disease/complications ; Dementia, Vascular ; Hypertension ; Blood Pressure ; Circadian Rhythm
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-27
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	127315-2
ISSN	2240-2993 ; 0300-9009
ISSN (online)	2240-2993
ISSN	0300-9009
DOI	10.1007/s13760-021-01664-8
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Article: Astmul dificil--aspecte clinico-patogenice.

Grigoraş, C

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi

2003 Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 718–726

Abstract: Difficult asthma is an uncommon disease (likely < 5% of total asthma). It is poorly understood and often difficult to treat. The first step is to make an accurate differential diagnosis and to avoid the most important factor, which influence the ... ...

Title translation	Severe asthma: clinical and pathogenic aspects.
Abstract	Difficult asthma is an uncommon disease (likely < 5% of total asthma). It is poorly understood and often difficult to treat. The first step is to make an accurate differential diagnosis and to avoid the most important factor, which influence the condition of the disease. Between these factors, the exposure to allergens and the gastro-esophageal reflux seems to be the most important. The term is usually applied to conditions that are hard to solve, sometimes dangerous or even life-threatening forms of asthma: corticoid-resistant asthma, corticoid-dependent asthma, brittle asthma, premenstrual asthma and near-fatal asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Language	Romanian
Publishing date	2003-10
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123880-2
ISSN	0048-7848 ; 0300-8738
ISSN	0048-7848 ; 0300-8738
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Article: Tusea cronică--probleme de diagnostic etiologic.

Grigoraş, C

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi

2003 Volume 107, Issue 2, Page(s) 312–316

Abstract: Chronic cough is a common problem in patients who visit physicians. The three most common causes of persistence cough in nonsmokers who were not taking an ACE inhibitor and who had a normal or stable chest radiograph are: postnasal drip, asthma and ... ...

Title translation	Chronic cough--etiological diagnosis problems.
Abstract	Chronic cough is a common problem in patients who visit physicians. The three most common causes of persistence cough in nonsmokers who were not taking an ACE inhibitor and who had a normal or stable chest radiograph are: postnasal drip, asthma and gastroesophageal reflux. After a viral upper respiratory infection, it takes sometimes seven weeks for bronchial airway hyperreactivity to return to normal. By using a standard protocol, 95 percent of patients with chronic cough can be managed successfully but in some cases it may take even five months or more to determine a diagnosis and effective treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Asthma/complications ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Chronic Disease ; Cough/diagnosis ; Cough/etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis ; Humans ; Rhinitis/complications ; Rhinitis/diagnosis
Language	Romanian
Publishing date	2003-04
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123880-2
ISSN	0048-7848 ; 0300-8738
ISSN	0048-7848 ; 0300-8738
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Article: Applications of ENF criterion in forensic audio, video, computer and telecommunication analysis.

Grigoras, Catalin

Forensic science international

2007 Volume 167, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 136–145

Abstract: This article reports on the electric network frequency criterion as a means of assessing the integrity of digital audio/video evidence and forensic IT and telecommunication analysis. A brief description is given to different ENF types and phenomena that ... ...

Abstract	This article reports on the electric network frequency criterion as a means of assessing the integrity of digital audio/video evidence and forensic IT and telecommunication analysis. A brief description is given to different ENF types and phenomena that determine ENF variations. In most situations, to reach a non-authenticity opinion, the visual inspection of spectrograms and comparison with an ENF database are enough. A more detailed investigation, in the time domain, requires short time windows measurements and analyses. The stability of the ENF over geographical distances has been established by comparison of synchronized recordings made at different locations on the same network. Real cases are presented, in which the ENF criterion was used to investigate audio and video files created with secret surveillance systems, a digitized audio/video recording and a TV broadcasted reportage. By applying the ENF Criterion in forensic audio/video analysis, one can determine whether and where a digital recording has been edited, establish whether it was made at the time claimed, and identify the time and date of the registering operation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-04-11
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.06.033
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Article ; Online: Blood Metabolomic Signatures to Identify Bacterial Infection in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis.

Fischer, Petra / Pandrea, Stanca / Grigoras, Crina / Stefanescu, Horia / Farcau, Oana / Tefas, Cristian / Socaciu, Carmen / Procopet, Bogdan / Ionescu, Daniela

Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD

2022 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–47

Abstract: Background and aims: Bacterial infections are associated with high mortality rates in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Early diagnosis with the available diagnostic tools is challenging. Metabolomics is a novel technique with a widespread ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Bacterial infections are associated with high mortality rates in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Early diagnosis with the available diagnostic tools is challenging. Metabolomics is a novel technique with a widespread application in hepatology. The aims of our study were to find new biomarkers for decompensated cirrhosis and for those with overlapping bacterial infections. Methods: 43 patients with compensated and 54 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. In patients with decompensation, a complete infectious workup was performed at admission. Blood and ascitic fluid were collected and stored at -80° C until performing the metabolomic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Metaboanalyst 4.0 software. Results: 36 patients (66%) in the decompensated group were infected. Among them, 15 had multiple infections; thus, finally, 52 infections were diagnosed. The main metabolic pathways affected in patients with decompensated cirrhosis were those related to lipid metabolism, involving acylcarnitines, stearic acid derivatives, and 12/15 HETE-GABA. N-oleoyl ethanolamine was the most promising biomarker for bacterial infection diagnosis. Moreover, prostaglandin E2/D2/H2 and N-oleoyl alanine levels were higher in Gram- positive infections and ceramides (d16:2/18:0), in Gram-negative infections, respectively. L-phenylalanine (m/z=166.09) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (18:3/0:0) were the two most relevant identified ascitic biomarkers for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis diagnosis. Conclusions: The lipid and energetic metabolic pathways were the most affected in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and those with overlapping infections.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Biomarkers ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Metabolomics ; Peritonitis/complications ; Peritonitis/diagnosis ; Peritonitis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-19
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2427021-0
ISSN	1842-1121 ; 1841-8724
ISSN (online)	1842-1121
ISSN	1841-8724
DOI	10.15403/jgld-4034
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Article ; Online: Hypo-activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relates to increased reaction time variability in patients with schizophrenia.

Panagiotaropoulou, G / Thrapsanioti, E / Pappa, E / Grigoras, C / Mylonas, D / Karavasilis, E / Velonakis, G / Kelekis, N / Smyrnis, N

NeuroImage. Clinical

2019 Volume 23, Page(s) 101853

Abstract: Increased reaction time intra-subject variability (RT-ISV) in fast decision tasks has been confirmed in patients with schizophrenia and has been hypothesized to result from a deficit in the control of attention. Here, an attentional task and functional ... ...

Abstract	Increased reaction time intra-subject variability (RT-ISV) in fast decision tasks has been confirmed in patients with schizophrenia and has been hypothesized to result from a deficit in the control of attention. Here, an attentional task and functional brain imaging were used to probe the neural correlates of increased RT-ISV in schizophrenia. Thirty patients and 30 age and sex matched controls performed the Eriksen flanker spatial attention task with concurrent measurement of brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral measures included accuracy, mean, standard deviation of RT (RTSD), coefficient of variation of RT (RTCV) and ex-Gaussian model of RT distribution parameters (mu, sigma and tau). Larger mean RT and Ex-Gaussian mu was observed for patients compared to controls. The group difference was larger for incongruent (attentionally demanding) versus congruent trials confirming a deficit in the control of spatial attention for patients. Significant increase in RT-ISV measures (RTSD, sigma and tau) for patients compared to controls was observed and was not modulated by trial congruency. Attention modulation (congruency effect) resulted in activation of bilateral frontal and parietal areas that was not different between patients and controls. Right middle frontal, right superior temporal and bilateral cingulate areas were more active in controls compared to patients independent of congruency. Activation in ROIs extracted from attention (congruency) and group related areas correlated with RT-ISV measures (especially RTCV and tau). Hypo-activation of the right middle frontal area correlated with increased tau specifically in patients. Hypo-activity of the right prefrontal cortex predicted increased RT-ISV in schizophrenia. This effect was unrelated to the effects of spatial attention and might be linked to a deficit in the inhibitory control of action for these patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attention/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101853
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Article: Metode neinvazive de evaluare a inflamaţiei în astmul bronşic.

Grigoraş, C / Mihăescu, T

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi

2007 Volume 111, Issue 3, Page(s) 632–637

Abstract: Airway inflammation plays a key role in asthma. Among noninvasive methods as tools to study these inflammatory processes and to monitor airways diseases, the sputum analysis is widely used. As well, the analysis of concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and ...

Title translation	Noninvasive methods of assessing inflammation in bronchial asthma.
Abstract	Airway inflammation plays a key role in asthma. Among noninvasive methods as tools to study these inflammatory processes and to monitor airways diseases, the sputum analysis is widely used. As well, the analysis of concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and the analysis of exhaled breath condensate are alternative methods for assessing the airway inflammation. In addition a treatment strategy directed at normalisation of these noninvasive parameters could led to a better control of the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Breath Tests/methods ; Eosinophilia/etiology ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Sputum/cytology
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Biomarkers ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
Language	Romanian
Publishing date	2007-07
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123880-2
ISSN	0048-7848 ; 0300-8738
ISSN	0048-7848 ; 0300-8738
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Article ; Online: Clinical Impact and Safety of Anticoagulants for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis.

Pettinari, I / Vukotic, R / Stefanescu, H / Pecorelli, A / Morelli, Mc / Grigoras, C / Sparchez, Z / Andreone, P / Piscaglia, F

The American journal of gastroenterology

2018 Volume 114, Issue 2, Page(s) 258–266

Abstract: Objectives: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Benefit, safety, and duration of anticoagulant treatment in this setting are controversial issues. The aim of this study was to analyze the course of PVT in a large cohort ...

Abstract	Objectives: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Benefit, safety, and duration of anticoagulant treatment in this setting are controversial issues. The aim of this study was to analyze the course of PVT in a large cohort of cirrhotic patients undergoing or not anticoagulation therapy. Methods: The data of 182 patients who presented between January 2008 and March 2016 with cirrhosis and PVT with at least 3 months of follow-up after the first PVT detection were analyzed. Eighty-one patients received anticoagulants and 101 were untreated per physician discretion. Results: The extension of the thrombosis decreased by >50% in 46 (56.8%, with complete recanalization in 31/46) patients under anticoagulation and in 26 (25.7%) untreated patients. Of the 46 patients who underwent recanalization, 17 (36%) suffered recurrent thrombosis after stopping anticoagulation therapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a higher survival rate in the treated group (p = 0.010). At multivariate analysis, anticoagulation was an independent factor associated with longer survival (HR:0.30, CI:0.10-0.91, p = 0.014). The Child-Turcotte-Pugh classes B/C negatively influenced survival (hazard ratio, (HR):3.09, confidence interval (CI):1.14-8.36, p = 0.027 for Child-Turcotte-Pugh B and HR:9.27, CI:2.67-32.23, p < 0.001 for Child-Turcotte-Pugh C). Bleeding complications occurred in 22 (21.8%) untreated and 16 (19.7%) treated patients, but in only four cases was it judged to be related to the anticoagulant treatment. No death was reported as a consequence of the bleeding events. Conclusions: Anticoagulant treatment is a safe and effective treatment leading to partial or complete recanalization of the portal venous system in 56.8% of cases, improving the survival of patients with cirrhosis and PVT. Discontinuation of the therapy is associated with a high rate of PVT recurrence.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications ; Female ; Fondaparinux/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology ; Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Venous Thrombosis/etiology
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Fondaparinux (J177FOW5JL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390122-1
ISSN	1572-0241 ; 0002-9270
ISSN (online)	1572-0241
ISSN	0002-9270
DOI	10.1038/s41395-018-0421-0
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Article ; Online: Colonization With Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Risk for Infection Among Asymptomatic Athletes: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

Karanika, Styliani / Kinamon, Tori / Grigoras, Christos / Mylonakis, Eleftherios

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2016 Volume 63, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–204

Abstract: Background: Athletes are a vulnerable population for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Our aim was to determine MRSA colonization in asymptomatic athletes and estimate the risk for subsequent MRSA infection.: Methods: We ... ...

Abstract	Background: Athletes are a vulnerable population for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Our aim was to determine MRSA colonization in asymptomatic athletes and estimate the risk for subsequent MRSA infection. Methods: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE (through 29 October 2015) for studies on MRSA colonization among asymptomatic athletes. Results: The pooled prevalence of MRSA colonization among athletes was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,13), and it was higher in the United States (8%; 95% CI, 2,17). USA300 was the most common strain detected (22%), and 62% and 36% of isolates were resistant to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The prevalence of MRSA colonization among collegiate athletes reached 13% (95% CI, 4,25). Sports with the highest prevalence among collegiate athletes were wrestling (22%; 95% CI, 0,85), football (8%; 95% CI, 3,15) and basketball (8%; 95% CI, 0,28). The risk for MRSA skin and soft tissue infection within 3 months after documented colonization among MRSA-colonized athletes was significantly higher than for noncolonized athletes (relative risk = 7.37, 95% CI, [2.47,21.94]). Decolonization treatment among colonized athletes decreased significantly the risk for infection (relative risk reduction = 0.33; 95% CI, .03,4.28). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA colonization among asymptomatic athletes is comparable to that among individuals with chronic illness, it is higher among collegiate athletes and can be twice that for patients in intensive care units. Importantly, colonization is associated with a >7-fold increase in the incidence of subsequent MRSA infection. Infection control and decontamination protocols for this population need to be studied and implemented with urgency.
MeSH term(s)	Athletes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Prevalence ; Risk Assessment ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016--15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciw240
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