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  1. Article: Severity of COVID-19 infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome and the emerging evidence of COVID-19-induced xerostomia.

    Chowdhury, Farzana / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Bombardieri, Michele

    Clinical and experimental rheumatology

    2021  Volume 39 Suppl 133, Issue 6, Page(s) 215–222

    Abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 disease pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the disease has claimed over 205M cases (205,338,159) and 4,333,094 deaths (WHO dashboard - accessed 15/08/2021). In addition to the overwhelming impact on ... ...

    Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 disease pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the disease has claimed over 205M cases (205,338,159) and 4,333,094 deaths (WHO dashboard - accessed 15/08/2021). In addition to the overwhelming impact on healthcare systems treating acutely ill patients, the pandemic has had an impact on all other aspects of health care delivery, including the management of chronic diseases, the risk that is posed in patients with chronic conditions and the risk of the infection itself in those with chronic conditions. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), characterised by immune dysregulation affecting several organs in variable severity, have been of particular interest given the accelerated phase of the immune response in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to the acute inflammatory response and respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ failure. On the other hand, the effect of immunosuppressive drug therapies can represent a double edge sword on the course of the disease, either by increased susceptibility to and severity of the infection, or by preventing the accelerated inflammatory response induced by the infection. Additionally, the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the host immune system has led to the onset of novel complex clinical manifestations, comprised under the large umbrella of "long-COVID", which we are only starting to understand. In this review we focus on two interrelated aspects: i) the impact of COVID-19 on patients with pSS and ii) the emerging evidence of long-term xerostomia after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    MeSH term(s) Autoimmune Diseases ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis ; Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome/epidemiology ; Xerostomia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-16
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605886-3
    ISSN 1593-098X ; 0392-856X
    ISSN (online) 1593-098X
    ISSN 0392-856X
    DOI 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/k7x3ta
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Does the Lectin Complement Pathway Link Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2?

    Polycarpou, Anastasia / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Klavinskis, Linda / Sacks, Steven

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 11, Page(s) 604512

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604512
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Measurement of C1-Inhibitor function alone is sufficient for diagnosis of hereditary angioedema.

    Kiani-Alikhan, Sorena / Walker, Elizabeth / Hickey, Alaco / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Buckland, Matt / Scott, Chris

    Journal of clinical pathology

    2021  Volume 75, Issue 11, Page(s) 787–788

    Abstract: The World Allergy Organisiation/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (WAO/EAACI) 2017/2018 guidelines recommend measuring complement4 levels, followed by C1-inhibitor level and function for diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE). We ... ...

    Abstract The World Allergy Organisiation/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (WAO/EAACI) 2017/2018 guidelines recommend measuring complement4 levels, followed by C1-inhibitor level and function for diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE). We analysed 6 months' worth of data generated in our laboratory which is a specialist regional immunology service and also provides laboratory service for the Barts Health immunology department, which is a GA2LEN/HAEi-Angioedema Centre of Excellence and Reference (ACARE) and hence, investigates a large number of patients for HAE. We found that an efficient and sensitive approach for laboratory diagnosis of HAE is to only test the C1-inhibitor function. This approach had a sensitivity of 100% and reduced the cost of laboratory investigations for HAE diagnosis by 45%.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Angioedemas, Hereditary/diagnosis ; Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/genetics ; Angioedema/diagnosis ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques
    Chemical Substances Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80261-x
    ISSN 1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
    ISSN (online) 1472-4146
    ISSN 0021-9746
    DOI 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207538
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Blocking T cell co-stimulation in primary Sjögren's syndrome: rationale, clinical efficacy and modulation of peripheral and salivary gland biomarkers.

    Pontarini, Elena / Verstappen, Gwenny M / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Kroese, Frans G M / Bootsma, Hendrika / Bombardieri, Michele

    Clinical and experimental rheumatology

    2020  Volume 38 Suppl 126, Issue 4, Page(s) 222–227

    Abstract: There is accumulating evidence that patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) display aberrant CD4+ T cell responses, both in the peripheral compartment and in the inflamed salivary glands. CD4+ T cell abnormalities are also critically associated ... ...

    Abstract There is accumulating evidence that patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) display aberrant CD4+ T cell responses, both in the peripheral compartment and in the inflamed salivary glands. CD4+ T cell abnormalities are also critically associated with B cell hyper activation, one of the hallmarks of disease, which is linked with disease severity and evolution to lymphoma. T cell activation and the cross-talk between T and B cells are tightly regulated by the balance between co-stimulatory pathways, such as the interactions between CD80/CD86:CD28, CD40:CD40L and ICOS:ICOSL, and co-inhibitory signals, including the immunoregulatory CTLA-4 protein. Evidence from patients with pSS as well as data from animal models of the disease suggests that these pathways play a critical role in pSS pathogenesis and their targeting could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we first summarise the evidence implicating aberrant T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition in driving the disease before focusing on the results of recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with compounds able to block T cell co-stimulation and enhance T cell co-inhibition. Despite a clear biological effect on downstream B cell activation has been observed in patients treated with CTLA-4-Ig (abatacept) and with monoclonal antibodies targeting CD40 and ICOSL, the clinical efficacy of this approach has so far yielded mixed results; while the anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody iscalimab showed significant improvement in systemic disease activity compared to placebo, two large RCTs with abatacept and a phase IIa RCT with an anti-ICOSL monoclonal antibody (prezalumab) failed to reach their primary endpoints. Although the discrepancies between biological and clinical efficacy of targeting T cell co-stimulation on pSS remain unresolved, several factors including drug bioavailability and receptor occupancy, patient stratification based on T-cell related biomarkers and the choice of study outcome are likely to play an important role and form the basis for further work towards the quest for a disease-modifying biologic therapy in pSS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Salivary Glands ; Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-23
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605886-3
    ISSN 1593-098X ; 0392-856X
    ISSN (online) 1593-098X
    ISSN 0392-856X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Behçet's patients' response to COVID-19 vaccination.

    Gokani, Bindi / Sacoor, Sarah / Leisegang, Georgia R / Ogunkolade, William / Bibi, Azimoon / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Pade, Corinna / Gibbons, Joseph / Senusi, Amal / Fortune, Farida

    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

    2023  Volume 255, Page(s) 109700

    Abstract: Immune hyperstimulation by SARS-CoV2 results in multi-system involvement with consequent organ damage not dissimilar to Behçet's Disease (BD). Management of BD includes immunosuppressive medication, which led to concerns that; firstly, SARS-CoV-2 would ... ...

    Abstract Immune hyperstimulation by SARS-CoV2 results in multi-system involvement with consequent organ damage not dissimilar to Behçet's Disease (BD). Management of BD includes immunosuppressive medication, which led to concerns that; firstly, SARS-CoV-2 would stimulate BD activity, thrombin, clotting times, TPO antibodies, and the effectiveness and duration of the COVID-19 vaccines' response in this potentially vulnerable group. The main objectives of this study were: to assess BD patients' immune response to the COVID-19 vaccines based on age, gender, disease activity, BD phenotype, and immunomodulatory medication compared to healthy control participants by measuring anti-spike IgG levels. Further to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 vaccines on T and B cells, immunoglobulins, thrombophilia, thyroid function and COVID-19 antibody production. Patients on immunosuppressive medication had a reduced immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. -Also, patients over 40 years and with the neurologic BD phenotype had lower responses. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were more effective and had fewer side effects compared to conventional COVID-19 vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Behcet Syndrome ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Viral
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA, Viral ; Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1459903-x
    ISSN 1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
    ISSN (online) 1521-7035
    ISSN 1521-6616
    DOI 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109700
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Chronic or recurrent Campylobacter enteritis in primary immunodeficiency: A UK national case-series and review of the literature.

    Grammatikos, Alexandros / Thomas, Moira / Johnston, Sarah / Moghaddas, Fiona / Albur, Mahableshwar / Yong, Patrick / Buckland, Matthew / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Whyte, Andrew F / Herwadkar, Archana / Gompels, Mark

    The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) 2948–2954.e4

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Campylobacter ; Campylobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Enteritis/epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2843237-X
    ISSN 2213-2201 ; 2213-2198
    ISSN (online) 2213-2201
    ISSN 2213-2198
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Utility of immunology, microbiology, and helminth investigations in clinical assessment of severe asthma.

    Singer, Andrew / Ali, F Runa / Quantrill, Simon / North, Nathan / Stevens, Mike / Lambourne, Jonathan / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Pfeffer, Paul E

    The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma

    2021  Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 541–551

    Abstract: Objective: Systematic assessment of patients with potential severe asthma is key to identification of treatable traits and optimal management. Assessment of antimicrobial immune function is part of that assessment at many centers although there is ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Systematic assessment of patients with potential severe asthma is key to identification of treatable traits and optimal management. Assessment of antimicrobial immune function is part of that assessment at many centers although there is little evidence-base on its added value in clinical assessment of this patient group. As part of reviewing our local pathway, we have retrospectively reviewed these tests in 327 consecutive referrals to our severe asthma service, in an evaluation to describe the utility of these tests and allow refinement of the local guideline for patient assessment.
    Methods and results: Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were in the normal range in most patients though 12 patients had serum IgG < 5.5 g/L and many had suboptimal anti-Haemophilus (127 of 249 patients tested) and anti-Pneumococcal (111 of 239) immune responses. As expected many patients had evidence of sensitization to
    Conclusions: Many patients had evidence of infection, colonization, or sensitization to potential pathogens relevant to asthma.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/diagnosis ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Asthma ; Helminths ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603816-5
    ISSN 1532-4303 ; 0277-0903
    ISSN (online) 1532-4303
    ISSN 0277-0903
    DOI 10.1080/02770903.2020.1868496
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: B cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome: what have we learnt?

    Grigoriadou, Sofia / Chowdhury, Farzana / Pontarini, Elena / Tappuni, Anwar / Bowman, Simon J / Bombardieri, Michele

    Clinical and experimental rheumatology

    2019  Volume 37 Suppl 118, Issue 3, Page(s) 217–224

    Abstract: Despite the well-established role of B cells in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), the beneficial role of B-cell depletion therapy with rituximab remains elusive in this condition, contrary to other autoimmune diseases. Although early, ...

    Abstract Despite the well-established role of B cells in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), the beneficial role of B-cell depletion therapy with rituximab remains elusive in this condition, contrary to other autoimmune diseases. Although early, small-scale studies showed promising results, two recent large randomised controlled trials did not meet their primary end-points. It is evident from most trials that rituximab has a positive impact on B-cell numbers and activity, both in the peripheral blood and in salivary glands, but clinical outcomes vary among studies. We review here the evidence to date of B-cell depletion in pSS, analysing the underlying causes for the discrepancies in different studies and their limitations. We also discuss the potential use of peripheral and salivary gland biomarkers for patient stratification and targeted patient selection. Overall, rituximab remains a plausible treatment for pSS provided future studies address the shortfalls that emerged from our current knowledge of the use of B-cell depletion in this condition.
    MeSH term(s) B-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Rituximab/therapeutic use ; Salivary Glands ; Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy ; Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
    Chemical Substances Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-28
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605886-3
    ISSN 1593-098X ; 0392-856X
    ISSN (online) 1593-098X
    ISSN 0392-856X
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  9. Article ; Online: Successful Treatment of a Patient with Chronic Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome, Neutropenia and Thymoma.

    Ghurye, Rohit R / Khan, Asim / Yung, Timothy / Kiani-Alikhan, Sorena / Pyne, Debasish / Grigoriadou, Sofia

    Journal of clinical immunology

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 240–244

    MeSH term(s) Capillary Leak Syndrome/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neutropenia/drug therapy ; Thymoma/drug therapy ; Thymus Neoplasms/drug therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 779361-3
    ISSN 1573-2592 ; 0271-9142
    ISSN (online) 1573-2592
    ISSN 0271-9142
    DOI 10.1007/s10875-019-00722-4
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  10. Article ; Online: Subcutaneous Gammanorm® by pump or rapid push infusion: Impact of the device on quality of life in adult patients with primary immunodeficiencies.

    Warnatz, Klaus / Jolles, Stephen / Agostini, Carlo / Vianello, Fabrizio / Borte, Michael / Bethune, Claire / Grigoriadou, Sofia / Richter, Alex / Jain, Rashmi / Lowe, David M / Katelaris, Constance / Milito, Cinzia / Cook, Matthew C

    Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

    2022  Volume 236, Page(s) 108938

    Abstract: Many patients with immunodeficiencies require lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). In a multicenter, randomized, open-label, crossover, non-inferiority 3-month-trial, we compared the impact of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin Gammanorm® ... ...

    Abstract Many patients with immunodeficiencies require lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). In a multicenter, randomized, open-label, crossover, non-inferiority 3-month-trial, we compared the impact of the subcutaneous immunoglobulin Gammanorm® administered via pump or syringe (rapid push). Primary endpoint was the life quality index (LQI), secondary endpoints were QoL (SF36v2), satisfaction (TSQM-11), disease and treatment burden (PRISM), incidence of infections and adverse events (AE), treatment costs, and IgG levels. 28/30 patients completed the study. Most of the endpoints were comparable. Drug administrations with rapid push were more frequent, but reduced total time expenditure and some costs. Of the TSQM-11/LQI/SF36 components only "treatment interference with daily activities" was superior with pump and two QoL domains with rapid push. Both delivery devices showed favorable safety. Rapid push was preferred by 34.5% of patients. It proved to be an efficacious and cost-effective alternative to pumps adding to patient choice and increasing flexibility during long-term IgRT.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/therapy ; Infusions, Subcutaneous ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1459903-x
    ISSN 1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
    ISSN (online) 1521-7035
    ISSN 1521-6616
    DOI 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108938
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