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  1. Article: Regression Metamodel-Based Digital Twin for an Industrial Dynamic Crossflow Filtration Process.

    Heusel, Matthias / Grim, Gunnar / Rauhut, Joel / Franzreb, Matthias

    Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Dynamic crossflow filtration (DCF) is the state-of-the-art technology for solid-liquid separation from viscous and sensitive feed streams in the food and biopharma industry. Up to now, the potential of industrial processes is often not fully exploited, ... ...

    Abstract Dynamic crossflow filtration (DCF) is the state-of-the-art technology for solid-liquid separation from viscous and sensitive feed streams in the food and biopharma industry. Up to now, the potential of industrial processes is often not fully exploited, because fixed recipes are usually applied to run the processes. In order to take the varying properties of biological feed materials into account, we aim to develop a digital twin of an industrial brownfield DCF plant, allowing to optimize setpoint decisions in almost real time. The core of the digital twin is a mechanistic-empirical process model combining fundamental filtration laws with process expert knowledge. The effect of variation in the selected process and model parameters on plant productivity has been assessed using a model-based design-of-experiments approach, and a regression metamodel has been trained with the data. A cyclic program that bidirectionally communicates with the DCF asset serves as frame of the digital twin. It monitors the process dynamics membrane torque and transmembrane pressure and feeds back the optimum permeate flow rate setpoint to the physical asset in almost real-time during process runs. We considered a total of 24 industrial production batches from the filtration of grape juice from the years 2022 and 2023 in the study. After implementation of the digital twin on site, the campaign mean productivity increased by 15% over the course of the year 2023. The presented digital twin framework is a simple example how an industrial established process can be controlled by a hybrid model-based algorithm. With a digital process dynamics model at hand, the presented metamodel optimization approach can be easily transferred to other (bio)chemical processes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2746191-9
    ISSN 2306-5354
    ISSN 2306-5354
    DOI 10.3390/bioengineering11030212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Generating keV ion distributions for nuclear reactions at near solid-density using intense short-pulse lasers.

    Kemp, A J / Wilks, S C / Hartouni, E P / Grim, G

    Nature communications

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 4156

    Abstract: Our understanding of a large range of astrophysical phenomena depends on a precise knowledge of charged particle nuclear reactions that occur at very low rates, which are difficult to measure under relevant plasma conditions. Here, we describe a method ... ...

    Abstract Our understanding of a large range of astrophysical phenomena depends on a precise knowledge of charged particle nuclear reactions that occur at very low rates, which are difficult to measure under relevant plasma conditions. Here, we describe a method for generating dense plasmas at effective ion temperatures >20 keV, sufficient to induce measurable charged particle nuclear reactions. Our approach uses ultra-intense lasers to drive micron-sized, encapsulated nanofoam targets. Energetic electrons generated in the intense laser interaction pass through the foam, inducing a rapid expansion of the foam ions; this results in a hot, near-solid density plasma. We present the laser and target conditions necessary to achieve these conditions and illustrate the system performance using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, outline potential applications and calculate expected nuclear reaction rates in the D(d,n) and
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-12076-x
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  3. Article: Integration of energy systems.

    Arent, Douglas J / Barrows, Clayton / Davis, Steven / Grim, Gary / Schaidle, Joshua / Kroposki, Ben / Ruth, Mark / Van Zandt, Brooke

    MRS bulletin

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 12, Page(s) 1139–1152

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2136359-6
    ISSN 1938-1425 ; 0883-7694
    ISSN (online) 1938-1425
    ISSN 0883-7694
    DOI 10.1557/s43577-021-00244-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The five line-of-sight neutron time-of-flight (nToF) suite on the National Ignition Facility (NIF).

    Moore, A S / Hartouni, E P / Schlossberg, D / Kerr, S / Eckart, M / Carrera, J / Ma, L / Waltz, C / Barker, D / Gjemso, J / Mariscal, E / Grim, G / Kilkenny, J

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 23516

    Abstract: Measurement of the neutron spectrum from inertial confinement fusion implosions is one of the primary diagnostics of implosion performance. Analysis of the spectrum gives access to quantities such as neutron yield, hot-spot velocity, apparent ion ... ...

    Abstract Measurement of the neutron spectrum from inertial confinement fusion implosions is one of the primary diagnostics of implosion performance. Analysis of the spectrum gives access to quantities such as neutron yield, hot-spot velocity, apparent ion temperature, and compressed fuel ρr through measurement of the down-scatter ratio. On the National Ignition Facility, the neutron time-of-flight suite has been upgraded to include five independent, collimated lines of sight, each comprising a high dynamic range bibenzyl/diphenylacetylene-stilbene scintillator [R. Hatarik et al., Plasma Fusion Res. 9, 4404104 (2014)] and high-speed fused silica Cherenkov detectors [A. S. Moore et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 10I120 (2018)].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0040730
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Converting existing optical detectors into fast x-ray detectors.

    Baker, K L / Celliers, P / Tabak, M / Wallace, R / Sorce, C / Whiting, N / Grim, G / LeChien, K / Avila, T G / Dolan, D H / Robertson, G K / Awe, T J / Knapp, P

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 7, Page(s) 73507

    Abstract: The very short burn time and small size of burning plasmas created at advanced laser-fusion facilities will require high-spatial-resolution imaging diagnostics with fast time resolution. These instruments will need to function in an environment of ... ...

    Abstract The very short burn time and small size of burning plasmas created at advanced laser-fusion facilities will require high-spatial-resolution imaging diagnostics with fast time resolution. These instruments will need to function in an environment of extremely large neutron fluxes that will cause conventional diagnostics to fail because of radiation damage and induced background levels. One solution to this challenge is to perform an ultrafast conversion of the x-ray signals into the optical regime before the neutrons are able to reach the detector and then to relay image the signal out of the chamber and into a shielded bunker, protected from the effects of these neutrons. With this goal in mind, the OMEGA laser was used to demonstrate high-temporal-resolution x-ray imaging by using an x-ray snout to image an imploding backlighter capsule onto a semiconductor. The semiconductor was simultaneously probed with the existing velocity interferometry system for any surface reflector (VISAR) diagnostic, which uses an optical streak camera and provided a one-dimensional image of the phase in the semiconductor as a function of time. The phase induced in the semiconductor was linearly proportional to the x-ray emission from the backlighter capsule. This approach would then allow a sacrificial semiconductor to be attached at the end of an optical train with the VISAR and optical streak camera placed in a shielded bunker to operate in a high neutron environment and obtain time-dependent one-dimensional x-ray images or time-dependent x-ray spectra from a burning plasma.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0040873
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Velocity correction for neutron activation diagnostics at the NIF.

    Rinderknecht, Hans G / Bionta, R / Grim, G / Hatarik, R / Khater, H / Schlossberg, D / Yeamans, C

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2018  Volume 89, Issue 10, Page(s) 10I125

    Abstract: The velocity distribution of the hotspot in an inertial confinement fusion implosion changes the energy spectra of fusion neutrons emitted from the experiment as a function of viewing angle. These velocity-induced spectral changes affect the response of ... ...

    Abstract The velocity distribution of the hotspot in an inertial confinement fusion implosion changes the energy spectra of fusion neutrons emitted from the experiment as a function of viewing angle. These velocity-induced spectral changes affect the response of neutron activation diagnostics (NADs) positioned around the experiment and must be accounted for to correctly extract information about areal density (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.5038734
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Real-time nuclear activation detectors for measuring neutron angular distributions at the National Ignition Facility (invited).

    Bionta, R M / Grim, G P / Hahn, K D / Hartouni, E P / Henry, E A / Khater, H Y / Moore, A S / Schlossberg, D J

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 4, Page(s) 43527

    Abstract: The Real Time Nuclear Activation Detector (RTNAD) array at NIF measures the distribution of 14 MeV neutrons emitted by deuterium-tritium (DT) fueled inertial confinement fusion implosions. The uniformity of the neutron distribution is an important ... ...

    Abstract The Real Time Nuclear Activation Detector (RTNAD) array at NIF measures the distribution of 14 MeV neutrons emitted by deuterium-tritium (DT) fueled inertial confinement fusion implosions. The uniformity of the neutron distribution is an important indication of implosion symmetry and DT shell integrity. The array consists of 48 LaBr
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0042869
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Magnetic Separation on a New Level: Characterization and Performance Prediction of a cGMP Compliant "Rotor-Stator" High-Gradient Magnetic Separator.

    Ebeler, Moritz / Pilgram, Florian / Wolz, Kai / Grim, Gunnar / Franzreb, Matthias

    Biotechnology journal

    2017  Volume 13, Issue 2

    Abstract: The growing market of biopharmaceuticals and the constant developments in upstream fermentation have generated a strong demand for new downstream purification methods. Magnetic separation in combination with functional magnetic particles has been known ... ...

    Abstract The growing market of biopharmaceuticals and the constant developments in upstream fermentation have generated a strong demand for new downstream purification methods. Magnetic separation in combination with functional magnetic particles has been known for many years as a promising candidate for a direct capturing tool in protein purification but the lack of suitable GMP-compliant purification equipment has prevented the launch of this technology in large scale bioprocessing. To tackle this bottle-neck, the principle of a "rotor-stator" high-gradient magnetic separator is fully redesigned to meet the rigorous requirements of modern cGMP biotechnology purification processes. In order to fulfill regulatory requirements, the separation chamber is reengineered to allow effective cleaning and sterilization in place while maintaining excellent separation capacities and efficiencies. Two kinds of commercially available magnetic particles are used to validate key performance data and determine system related parameters in order to calculate process performance figures for process optimization of the new magnetic separation device. With separation capacities of over 400 g of magnetic particles per liter of separation chamber volume and separation efficiencies as well as recovery rates over 99%, the system is able to process more than 200 l crude feedstock per day and capture more than 1.6 kg target compounds.
    MeSH term(s) Biopharmaceutics ; Biotechnology ; Cell Separation/methods ; Equipment Design ; Fermentation ; Magnetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2221885-3
    ISSN 1860-7314 ; 1860-6768
    ISSN (online) 1860-7314
    ISSN 1860-6768
    DOI 10.1002/biot.201700448
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  9. Article ; Online: Neutron time of flight (nToF) detectors for inertial fusion experiments.

    Moore, A S / Schlossberg, D J / Appelbe, B D / Chandler, G A / Crilly, A J / Eckart, M J / Forrest, C J / Glebov, V Y / Grim, G P / Hartouni, E P / Hatarik, R / Kerr, S M / Kilkenny, J / Knauer, J P

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2023  Volume 94, Issue 6

    Abstract: Neutrons generated in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments provide valuable information to interpret the conditions reached in the plasma. The neutron time-of-flight (nToF) technique is well suited for measuring the neutron energy spectrum due ... ...

    Abstract Neutrons generated in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments provide valuable information to interpret the conditions reached in the plasma. The neutron time-of-flight (nToF) technique is well suited for measuring the neutron energy spectrum due to the short time (100 ps) over which neutrons are typically emitted in ICF experiments. By locating detectors 10s of meters from the source, the neutron energy spectrum can be measured to high precision. We present a contextual review of the current state of the art in nToF detectors at ICF facilities in the United States, outlining the physics that can be measured, the detector technologies currently deployed and analysis techniques used.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0133655
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Optimal choice of multiple line-of-sight measurements determining plasma hotspot velocity at the National Ignition Facility.

    Hartouni, E P / Bionta, R M / Eckart, M J / Field, J E / Grim, G P / Hahn, K D / Hatarik, R / Jeet, J / Kerr, S M / Libby, S B / Moore, A S / Munro, D H / Schlossberg, D J

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2021  Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 23513

    Abstract: The measurement of plasma hotspot velocity provides an important diagnostic of implosion performance for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. The shift of the fusion product neutron mean kinetic energy as measured ... ...

    Abstract The measurement of plasma hotspot velocity provides an important diagnostic of implosion performance for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. The shift of the fusion product neutron mean kinetic energy as measured along multiple line-of-sight time-of-flight spectrometers provides velocity vector components from which the hotspot velocity is inferred. Multiple measurements improve the hotspot velocity inference; however, practical considerations of available space, operational overhead, and instrumentation costs limit the number of possible line-of-sight measurements. We propose a solution to this classical "experiment design" problem that optimizes the precision of the velocity inference for a limited number of measurements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0040319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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