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Article: The Genera of Fungi - G 4:

Crous, Pedro W / Groenewald, Johannes Z

2017 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 131–152

Abstract: The current paper represents the fourth contribution in the Genera of Fungi series, linking type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. The present paper focuses on two genera of microfungi, ...

Abstract	The current paper represents the fourth contribution in the Genera of Fungi series, linking type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. The present paper focuses on two genera of microfungi,
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2666116-0
ISSN	2210-6359 ; 2210-6340
ISSN (online)	2210-6359
ISSN	2210-6340
DOI	10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.01.10
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Article: They seldom occur alone.

Crous, Pedro W / Groenewald, Johannes Z

Fungal biology

2016 Volume 120, Issue 11, Page(s) 1392–1415

Abstract: Species of Coleophoma have been reported as plant pathogenic, saprobic or endophytic on a wide host range. The genus is characterised by having pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells intermingled among paraphyses, and cylindrical conidia. ... ...

Abstract	Species of Coleophoma have been reported as plant pathogenic, saprobic or endophytic on a wide host range. The genus is characterised by having pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells intermingled among paraphyses, and cylindrical conidia. Coleophoma has had a confusing taxonomic history with numerous synonyms, and its phylogeny has remained unresolved. The aim of the present study was to use a polyphasic approach incorporating morphology, ecology, and molecular data of the partial large subunit of nrDNA (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer region with intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), partial β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene sequences to resolve its taxonomy and phylogeny. Based on these results the genus was found to be polyphyletic, with taxa tentatively identified as Coleophoma clustering in Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes. Species corresponding to the concept of Coleophoma s.str. (Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes) were found to form a distinct clade, with five new species. Furthermore, Coleophoma was found to be linked to the newly established sexual genus, Parafabraea, which is reduced to synonymy. Isolates occurring on Ilex aquifolium in the Netherlands also clustered in Dermateaceae, representing a novel genus, Davidhawksworthia. In the Dothideomycetes, several taxa clustered in Dothiora (Dothideaceae, Dothideales), which is shown to have Dothichiza and Hormonema-like asexual morphs, with four new species. Furthermore, Pseudocamaropycnis is introduced as a new genus (Mytilinidiaceae, Mytilinidiales), along with Briansuttonomyces (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales) and Dimorphosporicola (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales).
MeSH term(s)	Ascomycota/classification ; Ascomycota/genetics ; Ascomycota/growth & development ; Ascomycota/isolation & purification ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plants/microbiology ; Spores, Fungal/classification ; Spores, Fungal/genetics ; Spores, Fungal/growth & development ; Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Ribosomal
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2532164-X
ISSN	1878-6162 ; 1878-6146
ISSN (online)	1878-6162
ISSN	1878-6146
DOI	10.1016/j.funbio.2016.05.009
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Article: Carbon utilization and growth-inhibition of citrus-colonizing Phyllosticta species.

Buijs, Valerie A / Zuijdgeest, Xander C L / Groenewald, Johannes Z / Crous, Pedro W / de Vries, Ronald P

Fungal biology

2021 Volume 125, Issue 10, Page(s) 815–825

Abstract: The genus Phyllosticta includes both endophytic and phytopathogenic species that occur on a broad range of plant hosts, including Citrus. Some pathogenic species cause severe disease, such as Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of Citrus Black Spot ...

Abstract	The genus Phyllosticta includes both endophytic and phytopathogenic species that occur on a broad range of plant hosts, including Citrus. Some pathogenic species cause severe disease, such as Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of Citrus Black Spot (CBS). In contrast, other species, such as Phyllosticta capitalensis, have an endophytic lifestyle in numerous plant hosts. Carbon utilization capabilities are hypothesized to influence both host range and lifestyle, and are in part determined by the set of Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) encoding genes of a species. In this study, carbon utilization capabilities of five Phyllosticta species were determined, as well as the CAZyme repertoire (CAZome) encoded in their genomes. Little variation was found among species in terms of carbon utilization capabilities and CAZome. However, one of the tested carbon sources, sugar beet pulp (SBP), inhibited growth of the plant pathogens, also when combined with another carbon source, while endophytic species remained unaffected.
MeSH term(s)	Ascomycota ; Carbon ; Citrus ; Plant Diseases
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2532164-X
ISSN	1878-6162 ; 1878-6146
ISSN (online)	1878-6162
ISSN	1878-6146
DOI	10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.003
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Article: Carbon utilization and growth-inhibition of citrus-colonizing Phyllosticta species

Buijs, Valerie A / Zuijdgeest, Xander C.L / Groenewald, Johannes Z / Crous, Pedro W / de Vries, Ronald P

Fungal biology. 2021 May 21,

2021

Abstract	The genus Phyllosticta includes both endophytic and phytopathogenic species that occur on a broad range of plant hosts, including Citrus. Some pathogenic species cause severe disease, such as Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of Citrus Black Spot (CBS). In contrast, other species, such as Phyllosticta capitalensis, have an endophytic lifestyle in numerous plant hosts. Carbon utilization capabilities are hypothesized to influence both host range and lifestyle, and are in part determined by the set of Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) encoding genes of a species. In this study, carbon utilization capabilities of five Phyllosticta species were determined, as well as the CAZyme repertoire (CAZome) encoded in their genomes. Little variation was found among species in terms of carbon utilization capabilities and CAZome. However, one of the tested carbon sources, sugar beet pulp (SBP), inhibited growth of the plant pathogens, also when combined with another carbon source, while endophytic species remained unaffected.
Keywords	Citrus ; Guignardia citricarpa ; Phyllosticta ; carbohydrates ; carbon ; citrus black spot ; disease severity ; endophytes ; enzymes ; host range ; lifestyle ; mycology ; sugar beet pulp
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0521
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2532164-X
ISSN	1878-6162 ; 1878-6146
ISSN (online)	1878-6162
ISSN	1878-6146
DOI	10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.003
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Article ; Online: Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China.

Wang, Xuewei / Liu, Xingzhong / Groenewald, Johannes Z

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

2017 Volume 110, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–103

Abstract: The phylum Neocallimastigomycota contains eight genera (about 20 species) of strictly anaerobic fungi. The evolutionary relationships of these genera are uncertain due to insufficient sequence data to infer their phylogenies. Based on morphology and ... ...

Abstract	The phylum Neocallimastigomycota contains eight genera (about 20 species) of strictly anaerobic fungi. The evolutionary relationships of these genera are uncertain due to insufficient sequence data to infer their phylogenies. Based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, thirteen isolates obtained from yak faeces and rumen digesta in China were assigned to Neocallimastix frontalis (nine isolates), Orpinomyces joyonii (two isolates) and Caecomyces sp. (two isolates), respectively. The phylogenetic relationships of the eight genera were evaluated using complete ITS and partial LSU sequences, compared to the ITS1 region which has been widely used in this phylum in the past. Five monophyletic lineages corresponding to six of the eight genera were statistically supported. Isolates of Caecomyces and Cyllamyces were present in a single lineage and could not be separated properly. Members of Neocallimastigomycota with uniflagellate zoospores represented by Piromyces were polyphyletic. The Piromyces-like genus Oontomyces was consistently closely related to the traditional Anaeromyces, and separated the latter genus into two clades. The phylogenetic position of the Piromyces-like genus Buwchfawromyces remained unresolved. Orpinomyces and Neocallimastix, sharing polyflagellate zoospores, were supported as sister genera in the LSU phylogeny. Apparently ITS, specifically ITS1 alone, is not a good marker to resolve the generic affinities of the studied fungi. The LSU sequences are easier to align and appear to work well to resolve generic relationships. This study provides a comparative phylogenetic revision of Neocallimastigomycota isolates known from culture and sequence data.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle/microbiology ; China ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; Neocallimastigomycota/classification ; Neocallimastigomycota/genetics ; Neocallimastigomycota/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Rumen/microbiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Ribosomal ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	214861-4
ISSN	1572-9699 ; 0003-6072
ISSN (online)	1572-9699
ISSN	0003-6072
DOI	10.1007/s10482-016-0779-1
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Book: Fungal pathogens of food and fibre crops

Crous, Pedro W / Groenewald, Johannes Z

(Studies in mycology, ; volume 79)

2014

Institution	CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre,
Author's details	edited by Pedro W. Crous and Johannes Z. Groenewald
Series title	Studies in mycology, ; volume 79
MeSH term(s)	Plant Diseases ; Mycoses ; Poaceae ; Fungi/pathogenicity ; Crops, Agricultural
Language	English
Size	iii, 288 pages :, color illustrations ;, 30 cm
Document type	Book
Note	"September 2014."
ISBN	9789491751011 ; 9491751018
Database	Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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Article: New species of Septoria associated with leaf spot diseases in Iran

Bakhshi, Mounes / Arzanlou, Mahdi / Zare, Rasoul / Groenewald, Johannes Z / Crous, Pedro W

Mycologia. 2019 Nov. 2, v. 111, no. 6

2019

Abstract: Species of Septoria are commonly associated with leaf spot diseases of a broad range of plant hosts worldwide. During our investigation of fungi associated with leaf spot diseases in northern and northwestern Iran, several Septoria isolates were ... ...

Abstract	Species of Septoria are commonly associated with leaf spot diseases of a broad range of plant hosts worldwide. During our investigation of fungi associated with leaf spot diseases in northern and northwestern Iran, several Septoria isolates were recovered from symptomatic leaves on different herbaceous and woody plants in the Asteraceae, Betulaceae, and Salicaceae families. These isolates were studied by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological and cultural data and a multigene phylogeny using a combined data set of partial sequences of the 28S nuc rRNA gene (large subunit [28S]), internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nuc rRNA gene (ITS) of the nuc rDNA operon, actin (actA), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), calmodulin (cmdA), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2). Four novel species are proposed, namely, Septoria eclipticola on Eclipta prostrata, Septoria firouraghina on Cirsium arvense, Septoria guilanensis on Populus deltoides, and Septoria taleshana on Alnus subcordata. All species are illustrated, and their morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other Septoria species are discussed.
Keywords	Alnus subcordata ; Cirsium arvense ; DNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Eclipta prostrata ; Populus deltoides ; Septoria ; actin ; calmodulin ; data collection ; leaf spot ; new species ; operon ; peptide elongation factors ; phylogeny ; Iran
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1102
Size	p. 1056-1071.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	281335-x
ISSN	1557-2536 ; 0027-5514
ISSN (online)	1557-2536
ISSN	0027-5514
DOI	10.1080/00275514.2019.1669376
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Article: A phylogenetic re-evaluation of Arthrinium.

Crous, Pedro W / Groenewald, Johannes Z

IMA fungus

2013 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 133–154

Abstract: Although the genus Arthrinium (sexual morph Apiospora) is commonly isolated as an endophyte from a range of substrates, and is extremely interesting for the pharmaceutical industry, its molecular phylogeny has never been resolved. Based on morphology and ...

Abstract	Although the genus Arthrinium (sexual morph Apiospora) is commonly isolated as an endophyte from a range of substrates, and is extremely interesting for the pharmaceutical industry, its molecular phylogeny has never been resolved. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU, 28S) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S rRNA gene of the nrDNA operon, the genus Arthrinium is shown to belong to Apiosporaceae in Xylariales. Arthrinium is morphologically and phylogenetically circumscribed, and the sexual genus Apiospora treated as synonym on the basis that Arthinium is older, more commonly encountered, and more frequently used in literature. An epitype is designated for Arthrinium pterospermum, and several well-known species are redefined based on their morphology and sequence data of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), beta-tubulin (TUB) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) gene regions. Newly described are A. hydei on Bambusa tuldoides from Hong Kong, A. kogelbergense on dead culms of Restionaceae from South Africa, A. malaysianum on Macaranga hullettii from Malaysia, A. ovatum on Arundinaria hindsii from Hong Kong, A. phragmites on Phragmites australis from Italy, A. pseudospegazzinii on Macaranga hullettii from Malaysia, A. pseudosinense on bamboo from The Netherlands, and A. xenocordella from soil in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the genera Pteroconium and Cordella are also reduced to synonymy, rejecting spore shape and the presence of setae as characters of generic significance separating them from Arthrinium.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2666116-0
ISSN	2210-6359 ; 2210-6340
ISSN (online)	2210-6359
ISSN	2210-6340
DOI	10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.13
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Article: Names of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Practical Guide.

Crous, Pedro W / Rossman, Amy Y / Aime, M Catherine / Allen, W Cavan / Burgess, Treena / Groenewald, Johannes Z / Castlebury, Lisa A

Phytopathology

2021 Volume 111, Issue 9, Page(s) 1500–1508

Abstract: Using the correct name for phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes is essential for communicating knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. However, many plant pathogenic fungi are ... ...

Abstract	Using the correct name for phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes is essential for communicating knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. However, many plant pathogenic fungi are pleomorphic, meaning they produce different asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) morphs in their life cycles. Therefore, more than one name has been applied to different morphs of the same species, which has confused users. The onset of DNA technologies makes it possible to connect different morphs of the same species, resulting in a move to a more natural classification system for fungi in which a single name for a genus and species can now be used. This move to a single nomenclature, coupled with the advent of molecular systematics and the introduction of polythetic taxonomic approaches, has been the main driving force for a reclassification of fungi, including pathogens. Nonetheless, finding the correct name for species remains challenging. In this article we outline a series of steps or considerations to greatly simplify this process and provide links to various online databases and resources to aid in determining the correct name. Additionally, a list of accurate names is provided for the most common genera and species of phytopathogenic fungi.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
MeSH term(s)	Fungi ; Plant Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0512-PER
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Article: Names of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Practical Guide

Crous, Pedro W. / Rossman, Amy Y. / Aime, M. Catherine / Allen, W. Cavan / Burgess, Treena / Groenewald, Johannes Z. / Castlebury, Lisa A.

Phytopathology. 2021 Sept., v. 111, no. 9

2021

Abstract	Using the correct name for phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes is essential for communicating knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. However, many plant pathogenic fungi are pleomorphic, meaning they produce different asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) morphs in their life cycles. Therefore, more than one name has been applied to different morphs of the same species, which has confused users. The onset of DNA technologies makes it possible to connect different morphs of the same species, resulting in a move to a more natural classification system for fungi in which a single name for a genus and species can now be used. This move to a single nomenclature, coupled with the advent of molecular systematics and the introduction of polythetic taxonomic approaches, has been the main driving force for a reclassification of fungi, including pathogens. Nonetheless, finding the correct name for species remains challenging. In this article we outline a series of steps or considerations to greatly simplify this process and provide links to various online databases and resources to aid in determining the correct name. Additionally, a list of accurate names is provided for the most common genera and species of phytopathogenic fungi. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Keywords	DNA ; Oomycetes ; anamorphs ; molecular systematics ; plant pathology ; quarantine ; taxonomic revisions ; teleomorphs ; trade
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Size	p. 1500-1508.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0512-PER
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