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Article ; Online: Anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze upon sleep fragmentation of one light phase of rats' circadian cycle:

Leković, A / Ademović, A / Grubač, Ž / Šutulović, N / Knežević, B / Novaković, M

Porto biomedical journal

2017 Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) 204

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2444-8672
ISSN (online)	2444-8672
DOI	10.1016/j.pbj.2017.07.070
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Article ; Online: Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Induces Depression-Like Behavior and Learning-Memory Impairment: A Possible Link with Decreased Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Astrocyte Activation.

Šutulović, Nikola / Vesković, Milena / Puškaš, Nela / Zubelić, Aleksa / Jerotić, Djurdja / Šuvakov, Sonja / Despotović, Sanja / Grubač, Željko / Mladenović, Dušan / Macut, Djuro / Rašić-Marković, Aleksandra / Simić, Tatjana / Stanojlović, Olivera / Hrnčić, Dragan

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 3199988

Abstract: Pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) remains unclear since it represents an interplay between immunological, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric factors. Patients suffering from CP/CPPS often develop mental health- ... ...

Abstract	Pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) remains unclear since it represents an interplay between immunological, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric factors. Patients suffering from CP/CPPS often develop mental health-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate depression-like behavior, learning, and memory processes in a rat model of CP/CPPS and to determine the alterations in hippocampal structure and function. Adult male Wistar albino rats (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Rats ; Male ; Prostatitis/complications ; Prostatitis/metabolism ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Depression/complications ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Rats, Wistar ; Pelvic Pain ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Neurogenesis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455981-7
ISSN	1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
ISSN (online)	1942-0994
ISSN	1942-0994
DOI	10.1155/2023/3199988
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Article ; Online: Experimental chronic sleep fragmentation alters seizure susceptibility and brain levels of interleukins 1β and 6.

Grubač, Željko / Šutulović, Nikola / Jerotić, Djudja / Šuvakov, Sonja / Rašić-Marković, Aleksandra / Macut, Djuro / Simić, Tatjana / Stanojlović, Olivera / Hrnčić, Dragan

Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis

2021 Volume 81, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–109

Abstract: Brain hyperexcitability in sleep apnea is believed to be provoked by hypoxemia, but sleep fragmentation can also play a significant role. Sleep fragmentation can trigger inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of ... ...

Abstract	Brain hyperexcitability in sleep apnea is believed to be provoked by hypoxemia, but sleep fragmentation can also play a significant role. Sleep fragmentation can trigger inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of chronic sleep fragmentation on seizure susceptibility and brain cytokine profile. Chronic sleep fragmentation in male rats with implanted EEG electrodes was achieved by the treadmill method. Rats were randomized to: treadmill control (TC); activity control (AC) and sleep fragmentation (SF) group. Convulsive behavior was assessed 14 days later by seizure incidence, latency time and seizure severity during 30 min following lindane administration. The number and duration of EEG ictal periods were determined. Levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were measured in the animals' serum and brain structures (hippocampus, thalamus and cerebral cortex), in separate rat cohort that underwent the same fragmentation protocol except lindane administration. Incidence and severity of seizures were significantly increased, while latency was significantly decreased in SF+L compared with TC+L group. Seizure latency was also significantly decreased in SF+L compared to AC+L group. The number and duration of ictal periods were increased in the SF+L compared to the AC+L group. IL-1β was significantly increased in the thalamus, cortex and hippocampus in the SF compared to the AC and TC groups. IL-6 was statistically higher only in the cortex of SF animals, while in the thalamic or hippocampal tissue, no difference was observed between the groups. It could be concluded that fourteen-day sleep fragmentation increases seizure susceptibility in rats and modulates brain production of IL-1β and IL-6. Brain hyperexcitability in sleep apnea is believed to be provoked by hypoxemia, but sleep fragmentation can also play a significant role. Sleep fragmentation can trigger inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of chronic sleep fragmentation on seizure susceptibility and brain cytokine profile. Chronic sleep fragmentation in male rats with implanted EEG electrodes was achieved by the treadmill method. Rats were randomized to: treadmill control (TC); activity control (AC) and sleep fragmentation (SF) group. Convulsive behavior was assessed 14 days later by seizure incidence, latency time and seizure severity during 30 min following lindane administration. The number and duration of EEG ictal periods were determined. Levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were measured in the animals’ serum and brain structures (hippocampus, thalamus and cerebral cortex), in separate rat cohort that underwent the same fragmentation protocol except lindane administration. Incidence and severity of seizures were significantly increased, while latency was significantly decreased in SF+L compared with TC+L group. Seizure latency was also significantly decreased in SF+L compared to AC+L group. The number and duration of ictal periods were increased in the SF+L compared to the AC+L group. IL-1β was significantly increased in the thalamus, cortex and hippocampus in the SF compared to the AC and TC groups. IL-6 was statistically higher only in the cortex of SF animals, while in the thalamic or hippocampal tissue, no difference was observed between the groups. It could be concluded that fourteen-day sleep fragmentation increases seizure susceptibility in rats and modulates brain production of IL-1β and IL-6.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Seizures/complications ; Seizures/metabolism ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Sleep Deprivation/complications ; Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-23
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184409-x
ISSN	1689-0035 ; 0065-1400
ISSN (online)	1689-0035
ISSN	0065-1400
DOI	10.21307/ane-2021-010
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Article ; Online: Functionalization of biodegradable magnesium alloy implants with alkylphosphonate self-assembled films.

Grubač, Z / Metikoš-Huković, M / Babić, R / Rončević, I Škugor / Petravić, M / Peter, R

Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

2013 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 2152–2158

Abstract: Mg and Mg-alloys are promising materials for biodegradable implants. In order to slowdown the Mg-alloy (AZ91D) degradation and enhance its biocompatibility, the alloy surface was modified with alkylphosphonate self-assembling films. The binding ... ...

Abstract	Mg and Mg-alloys are promising materials for biodegradable implants. In order to slowdown the Mg-alloy (AZ91D) degradation and enhance its biocompatibility, the alloy surface was modified with alkylphosphonate self-assembling films. The binding configuration and the structural organization of alkylphosphonate monolayers on the Mg-alloy surface were investigated using contact angle measurements, FTIR, and XPS. Combination of FTIR and XPS data indicated the presence of several different bonding modes (mono-, di-, and tri dentate) of phosphonate head groups with the alloy surface. The existence of well organized and ordered self-assembled alkylphosphonate monolayers with good barrier protecting properties in a physiological solution is a key step in the development of biocompatible Mg-alloy implants.
MeSH term(s)	Alloys/chemistry ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Dielectric Spectroscopy ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Magnesium/chemistry ; Organophosphonates/chemistry ; Phosphorous Acids/chemistry ; Photoelectron Spectroscopy ; Prostheses and Implants ; Solutions ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Surface Properties ; Temperature ; Water/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Alloys ; Organophosphonates ; Phosphorous Acids ; Solutions ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; phosphonic acid (13598-36-2) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2012160-X
ISSN	1873-0191 ; 0928-4931
ISSN (online)	1873-0191
ISSN	0928-4931
DOI	10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.028
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Article ; Online: Short-term sleep fragmentation enhances anxiety-related behavior: The role of hormonal alterations.

Grubac, Zeljko / Sutulovic, Nikola / Ademovic, Anida / Velimirovic, Milica / Rasic-Markovic, Aleksandra / Macut, Djuro / Petronijevic, Natasa / Stanojlovic, Olivera / Hrncic, Dragan

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 7, Page(s) e0218920

Abstract: Introduction: The neuroendocrine background of acute sleep fragmentation in obstructive sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation involvement in psychiatric comorbidities, common in these patients, are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The neuroendocrine background of acute sleep fragmentation in obstructive sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation involvement in psychiatric comorbidities, common in these patients, are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term experimental sleep fragmentation on anxiety -like behavior and hormonal status in rats. Methods: Male rats were adapted to treadmill (ON and OFF mode with belt speed set on 0.02m/s and 0.00m/s) and randomized to: 1) treadmill control (TC, only OFF mode); 2) motion, activity control (AC, 10min ON and 30min OFF mode) and 3) sleep fragmentation (SF, 30s ON and 90s OFF mode) group. Six hours later, the animals were tested in the open field, elevated plus maze and light/dark test (n = 8/group). Testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and corticosterone were determined in separate animal cohort immediately upon sleep fragmentation (n = 6/group). Results: SF rats showed decreased rearings number, decreased time spent in the central area and increased thigmotaxic index compared to TC and AC rats in the open field test. Similarly, increased anxiety upon sleep fragmentation was observed in the elevated plus maze and the light/dark test. Significantly lower testosterone, estradiol and progesterone levels were determined in SF in comparison to AC and TC groups, while there was no significant difference in the levels of corticosterone. Conclusion: Short term sleep fragmentation enhances anxiety-related behavior in rats, which could be partly mediated by the observed hormonal changes presented in the current study in form of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone depletion.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anxiety/complications ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Corticosterone/cerebrospinal fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Maze Learning ; Progesterone/cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/cerebrospinal fluid ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology ; Sleep Deprivation/cerebrospinal fluid ; Sleep Deprivation/complications ; Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/cerebrospinal fluid ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/physiopathology ; Testosterone/cerebrospinal fluid
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0218920
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Article ; Online: Experimental Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior: The Role of Brain Oxidative Stress, Serum Corticosterone, and Hippocampal Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons.

Šutulović, Nikola / Grubač, Željko / Šuvakov, Sonja / Jerotić, Djurdja / Puškaš, Nela / Macut, Djuro / Rašić-Marković, Aleksandra / Simić, Tatjana / Stanojlović, Olivera / Hrnčić, Dragan

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 6687493

Abstract: Mechanisms of the brain-related comorbidities in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are still largely unknown, although CP/CPPS is one of the major urological problems in middle-aged men, while these neuropsychological ... ...

Abstract	Mechanisms of the brain-related comorbidities in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are still largely unknown, although CP/CPPS is one of the major urological problems in middle-aged men, while these neuropsychological incapacities considerably diminish life quality. The objectives of this study were to assess behavioral patterns in rats with CP/CPPS and to determine whether these patterns depend on alterations in the brain oxidative stress, corticosterone, and hippocampal parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Adult male
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anxiety/blood ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/pathology ; Chronic Pain/blood ; Chronic Pain/physiopathology ; Corticosterone/blood ; Elevated Plus Maze Test ; Hippocampus ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Oxidative Stress ; Pain Threshold ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Pelvic Pain/blood ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatitis/blood ; Prostatitis/physiopathology ; Rats, Wistar ; Syndrome ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Parvalbumins ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455981-7
ISSN	1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
ISSN (online)	1942-0994
ISSN	1942-0994
DOI	10.1155/2021/6687493
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Article ; Online: Anxiogenic Potential of Experimental Sleep Fragmentation Is Duration-Dependent and Mediated via Oxidative Stress State.

Grubač, Željko / Šutulović, Nikola / Šuvakov, Sonja / Jerotić, Djurdja / Puškaš, Nela / Macut, Djuro / Rašić-Marković, Aleksandra / Simić, Tatjana / Stanojlović, Olivera / Hrnčić, Dragan

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 2262913

Abstract: Sleep architecture alterations, among which sleep fragmentation is highly prevalent, represent risk factors for a variety of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to brain disorders, including anxiety. What mediates anxiety occurrence upon sleep ... ...

Abstract	Sleep architecture alterations, among which sleep fragmentation is highly prevalent, represent risk factors for a variety of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to brain disorders, including anxiety. What mediates anxiety occurrence upon sleep fragmentation is still a matter of debate. We hypothesized that the sleep fragmentation effects on anxiety are dependent on its duration and mediated by increased oxidative stress and alterations in the number of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons in the hippocampus. Sleep was fragmented in rats by the treadmill method during a period of 14 days (SF group). Rats with undisturbed sleep in the treadmill (TC group) and those receiving equal amounts of treadmill belt motion (EC group) served as controls. To assess anxiety, we subjected rats to the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark tests on the 0, 7
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455981-7
ISSN	1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
ISSN (online)	1942-0994
ISSN	1942-0994
DOI	10.1155/2021/2262913
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Article ; Online: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome increases susceptibility to seizures in rats and alters brain levels of IL-1β and IL-6.

Šutulović, Nikola / Grubač, Željko / Šuvakov, Sonja / Jovanović, Đurđa / Puškaš, Nela / Macut, Đuro / Marković, Aleksandra Rašić / Simić, Tatjana / Stanojlović, Olivera / Hrnčić, Dragan

Epilepsy research

2019 Volume 153, Page(s) 19–27

Abstract: Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a result of interplay between psychological, immune, neurological and genetic factors, manifested by variety of urological, as well as brain-related symptoms. However, its relation with brain ... ...

Abstract	Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a result of interplay between psychological, immune, neurological and genetic factors, manifested by variety of urological, as well as brain-related symptoms. However, its relation with brain excitability has not been addressed. herefore, our aim was to assess susceptibility to seizures in rats with CP/CPPS. We induced CP/CPPS in adult rats by intraprostatic injection of 3% λ-carrageenan. Sham operated rats served as controls (0.9% NaCl, Sham). On day 7 upon injection, rats were treated with lindane (4 mg/kg) and observed for convulsive behavior (seizure incidence, latency and severity) and EEG manifestations (number and duration of ictal periods). Interleukin levels (IL-1β and IL-6) were measured in prostate, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebral cortex. Scrotal skin mechanical pain thresholds were determined and prostates were histologically evaluated. Animals with CP/CPPS showed significantly higher incidence, decreased latency time and augmented severity of lindane-induced seizures compared with Sham group. EEG revealed increased number of ictal periods in CP/CPPS rats. Higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were determined in the thalamus and cortex in CP/CPPS animals vs. Sham. IL-1β level was higher and IL-6 was lower in prostates from CP/CPPS animals comparing to Sham. CP/CPPS development was verified by histological findings of nonbacterial inflammation in the prostates, as well as by significantly decreased scrotal pain threshold in CP/CPPS animals. On the basis of this research, we concluded that CP/CPPS increases susceptibility to lindane-induced seizures in rats associated with increased level of IL-1β and IL-6 in the cortex and thalamus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Electroencephalography ; Hexachlorocyclohexane/toxicity ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold/physiology ; Pelvic Pain/complications ; Pelvic Pain/etiology ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatitis/complications ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures/etiology ; Seizures/pathology ; Statistics, Nonparametric
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; Hexachlorocyclohexane (59NEE7PCAB)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632939-1
ISSN	1872-6844 ; 0920-1211
ISSN (online)	1872-6844
ISSN	0920-1211
DOI	10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.03.014
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Article ; Online: Sleep disruption increases seizure susceptibility: Behavioral and EEG evaluation of an experimental model of sleep apnea.

Hrnčić, Dragan / Grubač, Željko / Rašić-Marković, Aleksandra / Šutulović, Nikola / Šušić, Veselinka / Bjekić-Macut, Jelica / Stanojlović, Olivera

Physiology & behavior

2016 Volume 155, Page(s) 188–194

Abstract: Sleep disruption accompanies sleep apnea as one of its major symptoms. Obstructive sleep apnea is particularly common in patients with refractory epilepsy, but causing factors underlying this are far from being resolved. Therefore, translational studies ... ...

Abstract	Sleep disruption accompanies sleep apnea as one of its major symptoms. Obstructive sleep apnea is particularly common in patients with refractory epilepsy, but causing factors underlying this are far from being resolved. Therefore, translational studies regarding this issue are important. Our aim was to investigate the effects of sleep disruption on seizure susceptibility of rats using experimental model of lindane-induced refractory seizures. Sleep disruption in male Wistar rats with implanted EEG electrodes was achieved by treadmill method (belt speed set on 0.02 m/s for working and 0.00 m/s for stop mode, respectively). Animals were assigned to experimental conditions lasting 6h: 1) sleep disruption (sleep interrupted, SI; 30s working and 90 s stop mode every 2 min; 180 cycles in total); 2) activity control (AC, 10 min working and 30 min stop mode, 9 cycles in total); 3) treadmill chamber control (TC, only stop mode). Afterwards, the animals were intraperitoneally treated with lindane (L, 4 mg/kg, SI+L, AC+L and TC+L groups) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, SIc, ACc and TCc groups). Convulsive behavior was assessed by seizure incidence, latency time to first seizure, and its severity during 30 min after drug administration. Number and duration of ictal periods were determined in recorded EEGs. Incidence and severity of lindane-induced seizures were significantly increased, latency time significantly decreased in animals undergoing sleep disruption (SI+L group) compared with the animals from TC+L. Seizure latency was also significantly decreased in SI+L compared to AC+L groups. Number of ictal periods were increased and duration of it presented tendency to increase in SI+L comparing to AC+L. No convulsive signs were observed in TCc, ACc and SIc groups, as well as no ictal periods in EEG. These results indicate sleep disruption facilitates induction of epileptic activity in rodent model of lindane-epilepsy enabling translational research of this phenomenon.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Electrocorticography ; Lindane ; Male ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures/etiology ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology
Chemical Substances	Lindane (59NEE7PCAB)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3907-x
ISSN	1873-507X ; 0031-9384
ISSN (online)	1873-507X
ISSN	0031-9384
DOI	10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.016
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Article: Corrosion resistance of copper–nickel alloy under fluid jet impingement

Metikoš-Huković, M / Babić, R / Škugor Rončević, I / Grubač, Z

Desalination. 2011 Aug. 2, v. 276, no. 1-3

2011

Abstract: Jet impingement is used as a test technique to study flow-accelerated corrosion of Cu–Ni disk electrodes in saline water. The Reynolds numbers in the range of applied impinging velocities indicated that the flow between the solution and the electrode was ...

Abstract	Jet impingement is used as a test technique to study flow-accelerated corrosion of Cu–Ni disk electrodes in saline water. The Reynolds numbers in the range of applied impinging velocities indicated that the flow between the solution and the electrode was turbulent in the systems investigated. The role of Ni content on the resistance of spontaneously formed barrier oxide film and Cu(II)/Ni(II)-diethyldithiocarbamate film on Cu–Ni alloys (10, 20, 30 and 40at.% Ni) was examined and evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in dependence of the impinging velocity and the immersion time. The results are discussed in terms of the corrosion mechanisms and their relevance to the use of Cu–Ni alloys in desalination plants and in the marine engineering field because fluid hydrodynamic conditions play an important role in Cu–Ni alloy applications. Based on the analysis presented in the paper, it is anticipated that the Cu–10Ni alloy is the best choice for application in the marine environment.
Keywords	alloys ; corrosion ; desalination ; dielectric spectroscopy ; electrodes ; hydrodynamics ; marine environment ; saline water
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0802
Size	p. 228-232.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2000800-4
ISSN	0011-9164
ISSN	0011-9164
DOI	10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.056
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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