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  1. Article ; Online: FP-nets as novel deep networks inspired by vision.

    Grüning, Philipp / Martinetz, Thomas / Barth, Erhardt

    Journal of vision

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

    Abstract: Feature-product networks (FP-nets) are inspired by end-stopped cortical cells with FP-units that multiply the outputs of two filters. We enhance state-of-the-art deep networks, such as the ResNet and MobileNet, with FP-units and show that the resulting ... ...

    Abstract Feature-product networks (FP-nets) are inspired by end-stopped cortical cells with FP-units that multiply the outputs of two filters. We enhance state-of-the-art deep networks, such as the ResNet and MobileNet, with FP-units and show that the resulting FP-nets perform better on the Cifar-10 and ImageNet benchmarks. Moreover, we analyze the hyperselectivity of the FP-net model neurons and show that this property makes FP-nets less sensitive to adversarial attacks and JPEG artifacts. We then show that the learned model neurons are end-stopped to different degrees and that they provide sparse representations with an entropy that decreases with hyperselectivity.
    MeSH term(s) Artifacts ; Deep Learning ; Learning ; Neurons ; Vision, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2106064-2
    ISSN 1534-7362 ; 1534-7362
    ISSN (online) 1534-7362
    ISSN 1534-7362
    DOI 10.1167/jov.22.1.8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Heterogeneity in the internationalization of R&D: implications for anomalies in finance and macroeconomics

    Grüning, Patrick

    (Occasional paper series / Lietuvos Bankas ; No.16, 2017)

    2017  

    Author's details Patrick Grüning
    Series title Occasional paper series / Lietuvos Bankas ; No.16, 2017
    Keywords Innovation ; Forschungskosten ; Technologietransfer ; Spillover-Effekt ; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  3. Book ; Online: Heterogeneity in the Internationalization of R&D

    Grüning, Patrick

    implications for anomalies in finance and macroeconomics

    (SAFE working paper ; no. 185)

    2017  

    Abstract: Empirical evidence suggests that investments in research and development (R&D) by older and larger firms are more spread out internationally than R&D investments by younger and smaller firms. In this paper, I explore the quantitative implications of this ...

    Author's details Patrick Grüning
    Series title SAFE working paper ; no. 185
    Abstract Empirical evidence suggests that investments in research and development (R&D) by older and larger firms are more spread out internationally than R&D investments by younger and smaller firms. In this paper, I explore the quantitative implications of this type of heterogeneity by assuming that incumbents, i.e. current monopolists engaging in incremental innovation, have a higher degree of internationalization in their R&D technologies than entrants, i.e. new firms engaging in radical innovation, in a two-country endogenous growth general equilibrium model. In particular, this assumption allows the model to break the perfect correlation between incumbents' and entrants' innovation probabilities and to match the empirical counterpart exactly.
    Keywords Heterogeneous innovation ; Technology spillover ; Endogenous growth ; Creative destruction ; International finance
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Edition This version: October 17, 2017
    Publisher SAFE, Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe
    Publishing place Frankfurt am Main
    Document type Book ; Online
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  4. Book ; Online: International endogenous growth, macro anomalies, and asset prices

    Grüning, Patrick

    (Working papers series / Lietuvos Bankas ; No.29, 2016)

    2016  

    Author's details Patrick Grüning
    Series title Working papers series / Lietuvos Bankas ; No.29, 2016
    Keywords USA ; Innovation ; Technologietransfer ; Spillover-Effekt ; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell ; Privater Konsum ; Unternehmensgründung ; Forschungskosten ; Kapitalmarkttheorie ; Zwei-Länder-Modell
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher Lietuvos Bankas
    Publishing place Vilnius
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  5. Article: International endogenous growth, macro anomalies, and asset prices

    Grüning, Patrick

    Grüning : Patrick , p. 110-157

    2015  , Page(s) 110–157

    Author's details Patrick Grüning
    Keywords USA ; Innovation ; Technologietransfer ; Spillover-Effekt ; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell ; Privater Konsum ; Unternehmensgründung ; Forschungskosten ; Kapitalmarkttheorie ; Zwei-Länder-Modell
    Language English
    Size graph. Darst.
    Document type Article
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  6. Book ; Online: International endogenous growth, macro anomalies, and asset prices

    Grüning, Patrick

    (SAFE working paper series ; 83)

    2015  

    Abstract: This paper studies a two-country production economy with complete and frictionless financial markets and international trade of final goods in which competition in R&D leads to endogenous new firm creation and economic growth. Current monopolists (" ... ...

    Author's details Patrick Grüning
    Series title SAFE working paper series ; 83
    Abstract This paper studies a two-country production economy with complete and frictionless financial markets and international trade of final goods in which competition in R&D leads to endogenous new firm creation and economic growth. Current monopolists ("incumbents") and potential new firms ("entrants") compete in developing patents domestically. I find that this induces negative spillover in consumption, i.e. home country's consumption decreases in response to positive productivity shocks in the foreign country. Second, there is positive spillover in R&D expenditures, i.e. home country's R&D expenditures increase in response to positive foreign productivity shocks, which is consistent with empirical evidence on international technology diffusion. Furthermore, the stylized fact in international macroeconomics that the cross-country correlation of consumption growth is significantly lower than the one of output growth is explained by the model. Fourth, net exports are negatively correlated with output as in the data. Fifth, the model matches the high comovement of the risk-free rates and stock returns across countries. Finally, the model produces a positive value premium.
    Keywords USA ; Innovation ; Technologietransfer ; Spillover-Effekt ; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell ; Privater Konsum ; Unternehmensgründung ; Forschungskosten ; Kapitalmarkttheorie ; Zwei-Länder-Modell ; Product Market Competition ; Endogenous Growth ; Long-run Risk ; International Finance
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource ([3], 57 S.), graph. Darst.
    Edition This version: January 22, 2015
    Publisher SAFE
    Publishing place Frankfurt am Main
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note IMD-Felder maschinell generiert
    DOI 10.2139/ssrn.2554286
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  7. Book ; Thesis: Essays on asset pricing with contagion, endogenous growth, and long-run risk

    Grüning, Patrick

    2015  

    Author's details vorgelegt von Patrick Grüning
    Keywords Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Risiko ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Schätzung ; Welt ; Equity-Premium-Puzzle ; BRICS-Staaten ; Kapitalmarkttheorie ; Börsenkurs ; Schock ; Innovationswettbewerb ; Endogenes Wachstumsmodell ; Theorie ; USA
    Language English
    Size IX, 225 S, graph. Darst, 21 cm
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Univ., Diss.--Frankfurt (Main), 2015
    Note Enth. 5 Beitr.
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  8. Book ; Online: Feature Products Yield Efficient Networks

    Grüning, Philipp / Martinetz, Thomas / Barth, Erhardt

    2020  

    Abstract: We introduce Feature-Product networks (FP-nets) as a novel deep-network architecture based on a new building block inspired by principles of biological vision. For each input feature map, a so-called FP-block learns two different filters, the outputs of ... ...

    Abstract We introduce Feature-Product networks (FP-nets) as a novel deep-network architecture based on a new building block inspired by principles of biological vision. For each input feature map, a so-called FP-block learns two different filters, the outputs of which are then multiplied. Such FP-blocks are inspired by models of end-stopped neurons, which are common in cortical areas V1 and especially in V2. Convolutional neural networks can be transformed into parameter-efficient FP-nets by substituting conventional blocks of regular convolutions with FP-blocks. In this way, we create several novel FP-nets based on state-of-the-art networks and evaluate them on the Cifar-10 and ImageNet challenges. We show that the use of FP-blocks reduces the number of parameters significantly without decreasing generalization capability. Since so far heuristics and search algorithms have been used to find more efficient networks, it seems remarkable that we can obtain even more efficient networks based on a novel bio-inspired design principle.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2020-08-18
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: All-fiber ring-cavity for frequency stability transfer at 1.55  μm.

    Grüning, Pierre / Chaouche-Ramdane, Amine / Manamanni, Karim / Aoudjit, Thinhinane / Roncin, Vincent / Du-Burck, Frédéric

    Applied optics

    2019  Volume 58, Issue 6, Page(s) 1502–1507

    Abstract: A compact setup for transferring the stability of a metrological frequency reference at 1.55 μm is described. One mode of a fiber-ring cavity is frequency-locked onto the reference. The stability transfer is achieved by locking an extended-cavity diode ... ...

    Abstract A compact setup for transferring the stability of a metrological frequency reference at 1.55 μm is described. One mode of a fiber-ring cavity is frequency-locked onto the reference. The stability transfer is achieved by locking an extended-cavity diode laser, tunable over 100 nm onto one cavity mode. Once locked, this tunable laser exhibits a relative frequency stability close to 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.58.001502
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book ; Online: Income inequality and Germany's current account surplus

    Grüning, Patrick / Theobald, Thomas / Treeck, Till van

    (Working paper / IMK, Institut für Makroökonomie ; 147)

    2015  

    Abstract: Als Deutschland dem Eurosystem beitrat, zeigte die Leistungsbilanz ein Defizit. Seit über einer Dekade jedoch hat die deutsche Volkwirtschaft hohe und persistente Leistungsüberschüsse erzielt. Neben den üblicherweise in der Literatur diskutierten ... ...

    Author's details Patrick Grüning, Thomas Theobald and Till van Treeck
    Series title Working paper / IMK, Institut für Makroökonomie ; 147
    Abstract Als Deutschland dem Eurosystem beitrat, zeigte die Leistungsbilanz ein Defizit. Seit über einer Dekade jedoch hat die deutsche Volkwirtschaft hohe und persistente Leistungsüberschüsse erzielt. Neben den üblicherweise in der Literatur diskutierten Ursachen wurde die Verbesserung der deutschen Leistungsbilanz von starken Veränderungen in der personellen und noch deutlicher in der funktionalen Einkommensverteilung begleitet. In diesem Papier argumentieren wir, dass Veränderungen der Einkommensverteilung daher immer vor dem Hintergrund beider Bezugsgrößen diskutiert werden sollten. In diesem Zusammenhang entwickeln wir ein dynamisches stochastisches allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell (DSGE), in dem sich Leistungsbilanzüberschüsse als endogenes Resultat einer Veränderung des Anteils der Haushaltseinkommen am Nationaleinkommen ergeben. Einerseits vervollständigt dieses Resultat die vorhandene Literatur, in der Leistungsbilanzdefizite als Folge zunehmender personeller Einkommensungleichheit auftreten. Andererseits bestätigt sich, dass Leistungsbilanzungleichgewichte deutlich ausgeprägter auftreten, wenn sie mit Veränderungen des Finanzsystems einhergehen. Dementsprechend ergibt sich ein deutlich ausgeprägter Leistungsbilanzüberschuss, wenn wir Deutschlands Beitritt zur Währungsunion mit geringeren Wechselkursrisiken für die Kreditvergabe deutscher Banken verbinden.

    Germany entered the euro with a current account deficit but over theentire past decade has run large and persistent current account surpluses. Besides joining the common currency, the increase of Germany's current account since the late 1990s has been accompanied by strong shifts in thepersonal and, in particular, the functional income distribution. In this paper, we argue that income inequality should always be analyzed with respect to both the personal and the functional distribution of income. We present a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which a current account surplus arises as an endogenous result of a decrease in the share of household income in national income. On the one hand, this result complements existing literature where current account deficits result from rising personal income inequality. On the other hand, we find that current account imbalances will be more pronounced when accompanied by changes in the financial system. Accordingly, if we link Germany's accession to the European monetary union to lower exchange rate costs for German banklending, the current account surplus becomes larger.
    Keywords income inequality ; functional income distribution ; household debt ; financial system ; current account
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (34 S.), graph. Darst.
    Publisher Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
    Publishing place Düsseldorf
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
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