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Article ; Online: Bacteriocin Production Correlates with Epidemiological Prevalence of Phylotype I Sequevar 18 Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum in Madagascar.

Rasoamanana, Hasina / Ravelomanantsoa, Santatra / Nomenjanahary, Marie-Véronique / Gauche, Miharisoa-Mirana / Prior, Philippe / Guérin, Fabien / Robène, Isabelle / Pecrix, Yann / Poussier, Stéphane

Applied and environmental microbiology

2023 Volume 89, Issue 1, Page(s) e0163222

Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a major threat to vegetable crops in Madagascar. For more effective disease management, surveys were carried out in the main vegetable production areas of the country, leading ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a major threat to vegetable crops in Madagascar. For more effective disease management, surveys were carried out in the main vegetable production areas of the country, leading to the collection of 401 new RSSC isolates. Phylogenetic assignment of the isolates revealed a high prevalence of phylotype I sequevar 18. This result contrasts sharply with the epidemiological pattern of RSSC in neighboring islands, including Reunion Island, Comoros, Mayotte, Mauritius, Rodrigues, and the Seychelles, where phylotype I sequevar 31 is widespread. Molecular typing characterization of the Malagasy isolates allowed the identification of 96 haplotypes. Some are found in various plots located in different provinces, which suggests that they were probably disseminated via infected plant material. To find out a potential explanation for the observed epidemiological pattern, we examined the capacity of the Malagasy strains to produce bacteriocin. Interestingly, the highly prevalent genetic lineages I-18 produce bacteriocins that are active against all the genetic lineages present in the country. This work sheds light on the potential impact of bacteriocins in the epidemiology of Malagasy RSSC.
MeSH term(s)	Phylogeny ; Madagascar/epidemiology ; Bacteriocins/genetics ; Prevalence ; Ralstonia solanacearum
Chemical Substances	Bacteriocins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/aem.01632-22
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Book ; Online: Increasing feed production using legume and cereal mixtures as a second crop (DiverIMPACTS Practice Abstract)

Vandewalle, Aline / Guibert, Stéphanie / Thiechard, Marion / Guérin, Fabien / Ahnemann, Hauke

2021

Abstract: Improved feed diversity and more resilient feed production, less dependent on soybean imports. This strategy helps to mitigate droughts effects, through an “avoidance strategy”, with production of forage during seasons less likely to be affected by such ... ...

Abstract	Improved feed diversity and more resilient feed production, less dependent on soybean imports. This strategy helps to mitigate droughts effects, through an “avoidance strategy”, with production of forage during seasons less likely to be affected by such phenomenon. Other benefits include improved soil biodiversity and soil health, reduced leaching during winter (as mixtures are used as cover crops) and benefits associated with incorporating residues from roots and crops (nitrogen availability for maize, carbon input to the soil, etc.).
Keywords	Crop combinations and interactions ; Cereals ; pulses and oilseeds
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: New Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA) Scheme for Fine-Scale Monitoring and Microevolution-Related Study of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Phylotype I Populations.

Guinard, Jérémy / Latreille, Anne / Guérin, Fabien / Poussier, Stéphane / Wicker, Emmanuel

Applied and environmental microbiology

2017 Volume 83, Issue 5

Abstract: Bacterial wilt caused by ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial wilt caused by the
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genotype ; Minisatellite Repeats/genetics ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Typing/methods ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Ralstonia solanacearum/classification ; Ralstonia solanacearum/genetics ; Ralstonia solanacearum/isolation & purification ; Ralstonia solanacearum/pathogenicity ; Rhizosphere ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Soil Microbiology ; Species Specificity ; Virulence
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; Genetic Markers
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/AEM.03095-16
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Article: A novel multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis typing scheme for African phylotype III strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex.

Ravelomanantsoa, Santatra / Robène, Isabelle / Chiroleu, Frédéric / Guérin, Fabien / Poussier, Stéphane / Pruvost, Olivier / Prior, Philippe

PeerJ

2016 Volume 4, Page(s) e1949

Abstract: Background. Reliable genotyping that provides an accurate description of diversity in the context of pathogen emergence is required for the establishment of strategies to improve disease management. MultiLocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) ...

Abstract	Background. Reliable genotyping that provides an accurate description of diversity in the context of pathogen emergence is required for the establishment of strategies to improve disease management. MultiLocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a valuable genotyping method. It can be performed at small evolutionary scales where high discriminatory power is needed. Strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) are highly genetically diverse. These destructive pathogens are the causative agent of bacterial wilt on an unusually broad range of host plants worldwide. In this study, we developed an MLVA scheme for genotyping the African RSSC phylotype III. Methods. We selected different publicly available tandem repeat (TR) loci and additional TR loci from the genome of strain CMR15 as markers. Based on these loci, a new phylotype III-MLVA scheme is presented. MLVA and multiLocus sequence typing (MLST) were compared at the global, regional, and local scales. Different populations of epidemiologically related and unrelated RSSC phylotype III strains were used. Results and Discussion. Sixteen polymorphic TR loci, which included seven microsatellites and nine minisatellites, were selected. These TR loci were distributed throughout the genome (chromosome and megaplasmid) and located in both coding and intergenic regions. The newly developed RS3-MLVA16 scheme was more discriminative than MLST. RS3-MLVA16 showed good ability in differentiating strains at global, regional, and local scales, and it especially highlighted epidemiological links between closely related strains at the local scale. RS3-MLVA16 also underlines genetic variability within the same MLST-type and clonal complex, and gives a first overview of population structure. Overall, RS3-MLVA16 is a promising genotyping method for outbreak investigation at a fine scale, and it could be used for outbreak investigation as a first-line, low-cost assay for the routine screening of RSSC phylotype III.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.1949
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Article ; Online: Contrasting genetic diversity and structure among Malagasy Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum phylotype I populations inferred from an optimized Multilocus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis scheme.

Rasoamanana, Hasina / Ravelomanantsoa, Santatra / Yahiaoui, Noura / Dianzinga, Niry / Rébert, Emeline / Gauche, Miharisoa-Mirana / Pecrix, Yann / Costet, Laurent / Rieux, Adrien / Prior, Philippe / Robène, Isabelle / Cellier, Gilles / Guérin, Fabien / Poussier, Stéphane

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e0242846

Abstract: The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), composed of three species and four phylotypes, are globally distributed soil-borne bacteria with a very broad host range. In 2009, a devastating potato bacterial wilt outbreak was declared in the central ...

Abstract	The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), composed of three species and four phylotypes, are globally distributed soil-borne bacteria with a very broad host range. In 2009, a devastating potato bacterial wilt outbreak was declared in the central highlands of Madagascar, which reduced the production of vegetable crops including potato, eggplant, tomato and pepper. A molecular epidemiology study of Malagasy RSSC strains carried out between 2013 and 2017 identified R. pseudosolanacearum (phylotypes I and III) and R. solanacearum (phylotype II). A previously published population biology analysis of phylotypes II and III using two MultiLocus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis (MLVA) schemes revealed an emergent epidemic phylotype II (sequevar 1) group and endemic phylotype III isolates. We developed an optimized MLVA scheme (RS1-MLVA14) to characterize phylotype I strains in Madagascar to understand their genetic diversity and structure. The collection included isolates from 16 fields of different Solanaceae species sampled in Analamanga and Itasy regions (highlands) in 2013 (123 strains) and in Atsinanana region (lowlands) in 2006 (25 strains). Thirty-one haplotypes were identified, two of them being particularly prevalent: MT007 (30.14%) and MT004 (16.44%) (sequevar 18). Genetic diversity analysis revealed a significant contrasting level of diversity according to elevation and sampling region. More diverse at low altitude than at high altitude, the Malagasy phylotype I isolates were structured in two clusters, probably resulting from different historical introductions. Interestingly, the most prevalent Malagasy phylotype I isolates were genetically distant from regional and worldwide isolates. In this work, we demonstrated that the RS1-MLVA14 scheme can resolve differences from regional to field scales and is thus suited for deciphering the epidemiology of phylotype I populations.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Phylogeny ; Ralstonia/classification ; Ralstonia/genetics ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0242846
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Article: Breakdown of the Scab Resistance Gene Vf in Apple Leads to a Founder Effect in Populations of the Fungal Pathogen Venturia inaequalis.

Guérin, Fabien / Le Cam, Bruno

Phytopathology

2004 Volume 94, Issue 4, Page(s) 364–369

Abstract: ABSTRACT The recent breakdown of Vf, a major resistance gene to apple scab, provided an opportunity to analyze a population genetic process within the matching virulent subpopulation of the fungus Venturia inaequalis. We utilized the amplified fragment ... ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT The recent breakdown of Vf, a major resistance gene to apple scab, provided an opportunity to analyze a population genetic process within the matching virulent subpopulation of the fungus Venturia inaequalis. We utilized the amplified fragment length polymorphism technique and allelic variation at four microsatellite loci to assess genetic structure of 133 isolates of V. inaequalis from a single commercial apple orchard sampled from one cultivar carrying the Vf gene (Judeline) and three cultivars devoid of the Vf gene. Both analyses indicated a strong decrease of the genetic diversity among isolates from the Vf cultivar compared with the high level of diversity among isolates from the three other cultivars. This leads to a high genetic differentiation between virVf and avrVf groups (F(ST) > 0.17). Analyses of the genetic distance between AFLP patterns based on the Jaccard index indicate that all virVf isolates could be assigned to a single clonal lineage. These results lead us to conclude that the clonal structure of the population isolated from the Vf cultivar is an example of a founder effect in response to a resistance gene breakdown and it is likely that this event occurred in the orchard during the sampling year.
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.4.364
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Article: Molecular Epidemiology of Bacterial Wilt in the Madagascar Highlands Caused by Andean (Phylotype IIB-1) and African (Phylotype III) Brown Rot Strains of the

Ravelomanantsoa, Santatra / Vernière, Christian / Rieux, Adrien / Costet, Laurent / Chiroleu, Frédéric / Arribat, Sandrine / Cellier, Gilles / Pruvost, Olivier / Poussier, Stéphane / Robène, Isabelle / Guérin, Fabien / Prior, Philippe

Frontiers in plant science

2018 Volume 8, Page(s) 2258

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	The
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2017.02258
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Article: Origin and colonization history of newly virulent strains of the phytopathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis.

Guérin, Fabien / Gladieux, Pierre / Le Cam, Bruno

Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B

2007 Volume 44, Issue 4, Page(s) 284–292

Abstract: Plant resistance based on a gene-for-gene relationship tends not to be durable because virulent strains can emerge through mutation and colonize formerly resistant cultivars over large areas. Our objective was to determine the origin and colonization ... ...

Abstract	Plant resistance based on a gene-for-gene relationship tends not to be durable because virulent strains can emerge through mutation and colonize formerly resistant cultivars over large areas. Our objective was to determine the origin and colonization history of newly virulent strains of the fungus Venturia inaequalis. Four hundred and eighty-one strains from seven multi-cultivar orchards within a 300km wide area were collected from a cultivar carrying the overcome Vf-gene (Vfcv populations) and from non-Vf cultivars (nVfcv populations). Using 9 microsatellite loci, we showed that Vfcv populations were closely related though highly differentiated, indicating they have been recently founded following rare long distance dispersal events from a common origin. Assignment tests revealed that the Vfcv populations had not emerged from any of the nVfcv populations. Vfcv populations had a low diversity and were strongly differentiated from nVfcv populations several years after the first reported breakdown, suggesting reproductive isolation between the two populations.
MeSH term(s)	Ascomycota/genetics ; Ascomycota/pathogenicity ; France ; Genes, Fungal ; Malus/microbiology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Virulence/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1319820-8
ISSN	1096-0937 ; 1087-1845 ; 0147-5975
ISSN (online)	1096-0937
ISSN	1087-1845 ; 0147-5975
DOI	10.1016/j.fgb.2006.10.005
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Article ; Online: Emergence of new virulent populations of apple scab from nonagricultural disease reservoirs.

Lemaire, Christophe / De Gracia, Marie / Leroy, Thibault / Michalecka, Monika / Lindhard-Pedersen, Hanne / Guerin, Fabien / Gladieux, Pierre / Le Cam, Bruno

The New phytologist

2015 Volume 209, Issue 3, Page(s) 1220–1229

Abstract: Plant pathogens adapt readily to new crop varieties in agrosystems, and it is crucial to understand the factors underlying the epidemic spread of new virulent strains if we are to develop more efficient strategies to control them. In this study we used ... ...

Abstract	Plant pathogens adapt readily to new crop varieties in agrosystems, and it is crucial to understand the factors underlying the epidemic spread of new virulent strains if we are to develop more efficient strategies to control them. In this study we used multilocus microsatellite typing, molecular epidemiology tools and a large collection of isolates from cultivated, wild and ornamental apples to investigate the origin of new virulent populations of Venturia inaequalis, an ascomycete fungus causing apple scab on varieties carrying the Rvi6 resistance gene. We demonstrated a common origin at the European scale of populations infecting apples (Malus × domestica) carrying the Rvi6 resistance and Malus floribunda, the progenitor of the Rvi6 resistance. Demographic modeling indicated that the Rvi6-virulent lineage separated several thousands of years ago from populations infecting non-Rvi6 hosts, without detectable gene flow between the two lineages. These findings show that 'breakdowns' of plant resistance genes can be caused by the selection and migration of virulent genotypes from standing genetic variation maintained in environmental disease reservoirs, here ornamental crabapples. This work stresses the need to take better account of pathogen diversity in resistance screenings of breeding lines and in resistance deployment strategies, in order to enhance sustainable disease management.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Ascomycota/genetics ; Ascomycota/pathogenicity ; Bayes Theorem ; Biological Evolution ; Discriminant Analysis ; Disease Reservoirs/microbiology ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Malus/microbiology ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Multivariate Analysis ; Mutation/genetics ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Virulence
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.13658
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Article: Genetic Diversity of the

Yahiaoui, Noura / Chéron, Jean-Jacques / Ravelomanantsoa, Santatra / Hamza, Azali A / Petrousse, Bobb / Jeetah, Rajan / Jaufeerally-Fakim, Yasmina / Félicité, Jérôme / Fillâtre, Jacques / Hostachy, Bruno / Guérin, Fabien / Cellier, Gilles / Prior, Philippe / Poussier, Stéphane

Frontiers in plant science

2017 Volume 8, Page(s) 2139

Abstract: Epidemiological surveillance of plant pathogens based on genotyping methods is mandatory to improve disease management strategies. In the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands, bacterial wilt (BW) caused by ... ...

Abstract	Epidemiological surveillance of plant pathogens based on genotyping methods is mandatory to improve disease management strategies. In the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands, bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2017.02139
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