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Article ; Online: 135 Effects of oral supplementation of cannabidiol on stallion spermatogenesis

Byars, P.C. / Mason, C. / Jones, T.N. / Cassens, D. / Guay, K.A.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104437-

2023

Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) is gaining popularity in the equine industry since the declassification of hemp in the 2018 farm bill. Cannabidiol, a chemical derivative collected from the plant Cannabis Sativa L., does not have the psychoactive effects of THC, and ... ...

Abstract	Cannabidiol (CBD) is gaining popularity in the equine industry since the declassification of hemp in the 2018 farm bill. Cannabidiol, a chemical derivative collected from the plant Cannabis Sativa L., does not have the psychoactive effects of THC, and has a longer half-life. The endocannabinoid system, discovered in the 1990s, is made up of 2 main receptors: cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CRN1) and cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CRN2). Cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 has been identified in stallion reproductive tract organs including the testes, vas deferens, and prostate gland. Anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), are 2 main endocannabinoids naturally secreted within the body and may have effects on reproductive processes. Although it takes high amounts of the ligand, it is thought that cannabidiol may influence the CB1 receptor. This study was conducted to determine the effects of daily oral supplementation of CBD over 90 consecutive days on seminal parameters in young stallions. Eight, 2-year-old stallions were blocked by weight and assigned to either control (CON; n = 3) or treatment (CBD; n = 4). The treatment group was administered CBD oil (0.6 mg/kg BW), while the control group was given olive oil (0.6 mg/kg BW). All horses were weighed weekly to recalculate dosage rates. Blood samples were drawn weekly via jugular vein puncture for CBD and testosterone level analysisthrough TVMDL lab systems. Stallions were acclimated and trained to collect using artificial vagina for 3 weeks leading up to first sample collection. Semen samples were collected twice weekly and immediately evaluated using a computer assisted semen analysis machine to quantify motility, concentration, and velocity rates. Data was evaluated using Statistical Program (R Core Team, 2022) as an ANOVA with repeated measures to determine effects of treatment on static velocity, rapid velocity, and testosterone levels. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05 and were considered a trend at P ≤ 0.15. Rapid velocity and static velocity were consistent in cell numbers; however, over time static velocity did show a slight numerical increase in static cells in the CBD treatment group (P ≤ 0.0874);(CBD = 270.7+-36.79, CON = 315.0 +-44.35). Average weekly testosterone levels did not differ among stallions; yet tended to decrease by week (57.03 +-9.927 ng/dl and 46.95 +-5.151 ng/dl respectively);(P ≤ 0.0749). These findings indicate that cannabidiol, had no effect on stallion spermatogenesis when fed at 0.6kg/mg consecutively for 90 d. Further research should evaluate cannabidiol effects over a longer period and with different ages of stallions.
Keywords	Cannabis sativa ; Farm Bill ; artificial vagina ; blood ; cannabidiol ; cannabinoid receptors ; computers ; glycerol ; half life ; hemp ; industry ; jugular vein ; ligands ; olive oil ; prostate gland ; semen ; spermatogenesis ; stallions ; testosterone ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104437
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 96 Evaluation of prolonged hay net use on the rostral oral cavity and salvia production in adult horses

Cross, T.D. / Locke, M.R. / Guay, K.A. / Martinez, R.E. / Wellmann, K. / Jones, T.N.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104398-

2023

Abstract: Previous hay net studies have focused on behavior, consumption, and feed wastage; yet none have evaluated effects in the oral cavity. To investigate the effects of prolonged hay net use on rostral soft tissue and saliva production, 8 stock-type horses ... ...

Abstract	Previous hay net studies have focused on behavior, consumption, and feed wastage; yet none have evaluated effects in the oral cavity. To investigate the effects of prolonged hay net use on rostral soft tissue and saliva production, 8 stock-type horses were evaluated for dental health and floated by a dental technician to ensure consistency. Horses were blocked by body weight (BW; 558.6 ± 13.8kg), body condition (BC; 6.5 ± 0.2), sex (mares: n = 5; geldings: n = 3), and age (10.1 ± 1.1yr) and randomly assigned to one of 2 feeding treatments for 70d. Horses on control (CON; n = 4) were offered loose hay in a tub; horses in the experimental group (NET; n = 4) were offered hay encased in a slow-feeder hay net (Texas Hay Net, 3.81cm² openings). Horses received coastal bermudagrass hay at 1.5% of BW daily along with a commercial concentrate (Equilene® Pellets) at ≤0.7% of BW as-fed to maintain BC. Horses were kept in individual dry pens with access to feed, water, and salt for 16 h/day, and then group-housed in dry lots with only ad-libitum water and salt for 8hr/day. Feed intake was recorded daily by the collection and weighing of orts. All horses were assessed weekly using digital and thermography (FLIR®) images to document changes in rostral oral tissue. Blind reviewers analyzed images for changes in rostral oral cavity scores (ROCS) ranging from no damage (ROCS = 7) to severe damage (ROCS = 21).Biweekly saliva measurements were taken immediately before hay offering and 1hr after consumption using 2 disposable oral swabs (Munkcare®, 18cm³ each) held at the exit of the sublingual gland. Statistics were formulated using 3-way repeated measures ANOVA using R Statistical Program®. Intake was not influenced by feeding method (P = 0.874), nor was saliva production (P = 0.570). NET horses had numerically higher pre-consumption saliva values (5.27 ± 0.41g) compared with CON horses (4.55 ± 0.49g). Saliva production increased post-1hr consumption (P ≤ 0.001) confirming production was a result of mastication. The surface temperature of the oral cavity was not affected by treatment (P = 0.471) and was within normal ranges. Average total ROCS did not differ between treatments (NET: 11.0 ± 0.2; CON: 12.2 ± 0.2; P = 0.251) but increased with time (P ≤ 0.01). Use of a hay net for 70d did not influence intake or negatively affect rostral tissue, indicating a level of safety long-term. Based on these findings, feeding from a hay net over a 1hr period did not influence saliva production; however, in future studies, saliva production should be evaluated over an entire consumption period.
Keywords	adults ; body condition ; body weight ; dental health ; feed intake ; group housing ; hay ; horses ; mastication ; mouth ; saliva ; statistics ; surface temperature ; thermography ; tissues ; veterinary medicine ; Texas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104398
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 136 The effects of cannabidiol on libido and heart rate in stallions

Mason, A.C. / Byars, P.C. / Jones, T.N. / Jones, B.W. / Guay, K.A.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104438-

2023

Abstract: Changes in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 increased popularity of Cannabidiol (CBD) as a supplement. Exogenous CBD, derived from Cannabis Sativa L., binds to cannabinoid receptors in the endocannabinoid system. These receptors are located ... ...

Abstract	Changes in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 increased popularity of Cannabidiol (CBD) as a supplement. Exogenous CBD, derived from Cannabis Sativa L., binds to cannabinoid receptors in the endocannabinoid system. These receptors are located throughout the body, CB1 being prominent in the central nervous system and CB2 in the immune system. Physiological effects of CBD have been well researched but the effects on libido have not. Lack of libido or sexual drive can be detrimental to stallion breeding productivity. The use of CBD as a calming supplement in animals is increasing due to marketing strategies. The study objective was to evaluate libido and heart rate (HR) in stallions given a daily oral CBD supplement for 90d. Two-year old stallions (n = 7) were assigned to either Control (CON; n = 3) or Cannabidiol (CBD; n = 4) treatment groups. CBD was administered at 0.6mg/kg of BW/d, while CON was administered an equal volume of olive oil, as a placebo of similar nature. Treatments were top-dressed over morning feed. Horses were weighed every Monday with dosages recalculated accordingly. Data collections occurred 2x/wk during semen collections with an artificial vagina. Behaviors were previously defined, calmly called out and logged as they occurred. Observations included time spent licking a tease mare, time to erection, time to first mount, and time to ejaculation. A Polar® heart rate monitoring system linked to the KER® ClockItapp was usedto measure HR. Variations of HR included resting HR, teasing HR, mounting HR, step-off HR, and walk-off HR. Data was analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA within R Statistical Program®(R Core Team, 2022). Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Throughout the duration all stallions exhibited normal sexual behavior, regardless of treatment. A treatment affect was not seen for licking time between CBD and CON (11.92s ± 3.76 and 0.32s ± 0.20 respectively). There was no difference between CBD and CON for time to erection (27.64s ± 6.84 and 22.9s ± 4.76 respectively). Time to first mount CBD stallions averaged 330.6s ± 23.04, CON stallions averaged 359.5s ± 25.51, with no effect of treatment. Time to ejaculation in CBD stallions was 356s ± 23.78 and 374s ± 24.84 in CON stallions. There were no differences in behaviors over time. There was a time x day effect for walk-off HR(P = 0.04), though this was significant in both groups. No other differences in HR occurred. Long-term use of CBD for young stallions was seen to not affect libido. However, supplementation may lower HR over time. The immediate and lasting response to CBD use in mature stallions and older aggressive stallions is needed to understand the effects of using these products.
Keywords	Cannabis sativa ; artificial vagina ; cannabidiol ; central nervous system ; ejaculation ; heart rate ; immune system ; libido ; mares ; olive oil ; placebos ; semen ; stallions ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104438
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 51 Estimation of in vitro digestibility measures within equine fecal inoculum using feedstuff fiber composition

Springer, R.W. / Cherry, N.M. / Cross, T.D. / Mason, A.C. / Guay, K.A. / Raub, R.H. / Wellmann, K. / Jones, T.N.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104353-

2023

Abstract: Previous studies support the use of equine fecal microbes to simulate hindgut fermentation to calculate in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of feedstuffs. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) composition have been shown to predict ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies support the use of equine fecal microbes to simulate hindgut fermentation to calculate in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of feedstuffs. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) composition have been shown to predict IVTD, in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), and in vitro ADF digestibility (IVADFD). However, little work has been done to predict these digestibility measures within horses. Thus, the study objective was to determine correlation and estimation of in vitro digestibility measures using equine fecal inoculum from feedstuff NDF and ADF composition. Four mature stock-type geldings (8.5 ± 3.9yr; 558.4 ± 31.0kg; 6.0 ± 0.4 BCS) were used in a duplicated 4 × 6 Factorial Design. Horses were acclimated to a basal diet of 1.8% BW as-fed of Coastal Bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon)and 0.2% BW as-fed of Bluebonnet® Equilene® Pellets for 21d. Feces were collected on d22 via rectal-grab for use as incubation inoculum. Dried, ground feed samples (0.5g: alfalfa hay, Coastal Bermudagrass hay, soybean meal, rice bran, hempseed meal, Bluebonnet® Equilene® Pellets), sealed in ANKOM filter bags, were placed in duplicate within 2 Daisyᴵᴵ incubators for 48hr. After incubation, fiber bags were removed and dried, then analyzed for NDF composition to determine IVTD. Split samples were analyzed to determine pre-incubation NDF composition of feedstuffs. Correlations and linearregressions were performed within R Statistical Program©. Both NDF (r = −0.936) and ADF (r = −0.897) were highly correlated to IVTD. However, ADF had a greater correlation to both IVNDFD (r = −0.807) and IVADFD (r = −0.848) than NDF (r = −0.684; r = −0.720). A linear regression between NDF and IVTD produced the model: IVTD (g/kg DM) = 1052.30 – 0.932 * NDF (g/kg DM); R² = 0.930; P < 0.001. A lower goodness-of-fit was found between ADF and IVTD: IVTD (g/kg DM) = 1033.25 – 1.528 * ADF (g/kg DM); R² = 0.866; P < 0.001. An additive model of IVTD versus NDF+ADF mildly increased goodness-of-fit (R² = 0.953). Sample ADF strongly predicted IVADFD (IVADFD (g/kg ADF) = 881.91 – 1.595 * ADF (g/kg DM); R² = 0.835; P < 0.001) but only moderately predicted IVNDFD (IVNDFD (g/kg NDF) = 855.15 – 1.518 * ADF (g/kg DM); R² = 0.749; P < 0.001). These results indicate the effectiveness of using feedstuff NDF to predict IVTD when using equine fecal inoculum. Feedstuff IVNDFD and IVADFD are predicted with less precision, likely due to the lack of foregut digestion of feedstuffs that would occur in vivo. The use of in vitro total-tract digestion modeling in horses may estimate equine hindgut fiber digestion with greater precision.
Keywords	Cynodon dactylon ; acid detergent fiber ; diet ; digestibility ; feces ; feeds ; fermentation ; hay ; hindgut ; horses ; inoculum ; neutral detergent fiber ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104353
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 77 In vitro true digestibility of hempseed meal using equine fecal inoculum

Springer, R.W. / Cherry, N.M. / Cross, T.D. / Mason, A.C. / Guay, K.A. / Raub, R.H. / Wellmann, K. / Jones, T.N.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104379-

2023

Abstract: Digestibility of hempseed meal (Cannabis sativa L.; HSM) has been previously investigated in several livestock species as a protein source; however, data is lacking in horses. The study objective was to determine in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of HSM ...

Abstract	Digestibility of hempseed meal (Cannabis sativa L.; HSM) has been previously investigated in several livestock species as a protein source; however, data is lacking in horses. The study objective was to determine in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of HSM compared with soybean meal (SBM), rice bran pellets (RBP), alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa; ALF), Coastal Bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon; CBH), and a commercial concentrate (Bluebonnet® Equilene® Pellets; EQU). Four mature stock-type geldings (8.5 ± 3.9yr; 558.4 ± 31.0kg; 6.0 ± 0.4 BCS) were used in a duplicated 4 × 6 Factorial Design. Horses were acclimated to a basal diet of 1.8% BW as-fed of CBH and 0.2% BW as-fed of EQU for 21d. Fresh feces (400g) were collected on d22 via rectal-grab for use as incubation inoculum. Dried, ground feed samples (0.5g), sealed in ANKOM filter bags, were placed in duplicate within 2 Daisyᴵᴵ incubators for 48hr in fecal inoculum. After incubation, fiber bags were removed, dried (100°C for 2hr), then analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) composition to determine IVTD. Split samples were analyzed to determine pre-incubation NDF composition of feedstuffs. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA within R Statistical Program©. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Hempseed meal NDF (440.2 ± 6.82 g/kg DM) was greater than ALF(330.8 ± 5.07; P < 0.001), RBP (219.0 ± 12.15; P < 0.001), and SBM (109.4 ± 6.17 g/kg DM; P < 0.001), yet lower than CBH (715.4 ± 10.77; P < 0.001) and tended to be higher than EQU (400.2 ± 8.29; P = 0.077). Feedstuff IVTD (g/kg DM) was greatest in SBM (962.9 ± 4.47) followed by RBP (857.8 ± 5.88) (P < 0.001). Alfalfa hay (742.6 ± 9.34) and EQU (757.2 ± 33.91) IVTD were similar (P = 0.962). Both ALF and EQU were decreased compared with RBP (P < 0.001) and greater than HSM (567.1 ± 4.93; P < 0.001) which was higher than CBH (401.4 ± 14.04; P < 0.001). These results indicate that HSM has an NDF content and IVTD between ALF and CBH, indicative of a lower digestibility compared with other proteinaceous feeds. This suggests potential for HSM to partially replace fiber sources in equine rations. High fat content in feedstuffs limits microbial fermentation of fiber, thus the fat content of HSM (107.0 g/kg DM), assumed to be digested in the foregut, may have limited microbial fiber digestion during in vitro incubation. Modified methods may be necessary to further assess IVTD of HSM in horses.
Keywords	Cannabis sativa ; Cynodon dactylon ; Medicago sativa ; alfalfa hay ; digestibility ; feces ; feeds ; horses ; inoculum ; neutral detergent fiber ; protein sources ; rice bran ; soybean meal ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104379
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 183 Effects of prolonged hay net feeding on equine behavior

Locke, M.R. / Cross, T.D. / Hoglan, A. / Springer, R. / Guay, K.A. / Wellmann, K. / Martínez, R. / Jones, T.N.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104529-

2023

Abstract: Feeding strategies are known to affect equine behavior. Hay nets made of rope or canvas are used in the equine industry to slow consumption rates and prevent forage waste. Hay net design varies by material and opening size to restrict or extend forage ... ...

Abstract	Feeding strategies are known to affect equine behavior. Hay nets made of rope or canvas are used in the equine industry to slow consumption rates and prevent forage waste. Hay net design varies by material and opening size to restrict or extend forage intake. However, the effect of hay net usage on equine behavior has not been entirely elucidated. A randomized block design 84-d pilot study used 8 mature, stock-type horses (5 mares and 3 geldings with BW and body condition used as blocking factors) to evaluate the impact of hay net use on equine behavior. Horses were randomly assigned to treatment [control (CON) and net (NET)] and individually housed for 16 h/d (1500 to 0700) in 8.22m by 2.74m dry runs. At 0700 and 1500 0.75% BW as-fed coastal bermudagrass hay and a pelleted commercial feed (Equilene® Pellets) at ≤ 0.35% BW was offered. Horses were group housed (n = 4 hd/treatment) with ad libitum access to water and salt between feedings (8 h/d) to allow enrichment and natural behavior. Control horses’ hay was provided in a tub on the ground. Hay for NET was provided in UV-resistant nylon mesh hay nets (Texas Hay NetTM, 14.5 cm² openings), nets were hung ∼1m from the ground. Each horse was filmed for 1h, bi-weekly during hay consumption and individual behavioral data were collected by 2 researchers to confirm and quantify behaviors defined by an ethogram. Behaviors studiedwere drinking water, startles, maintenance (scratch, stretch, and shake), vocalizations, stall vices (pawing and pacing), aggression, duration of head position while chewing, and frustration with the feeding system (biting at, pinning ears, or kicking out). Data were analyzed using a Chi-squared analysis within R Statistical Program? with expected thresholds for each behavior being based on the projected change for the mean of the treatments. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05. Treatment did not have an effect on forage intake (P = 0.874). Control horses spent more time eating with their heads below their withers when compared with NET (P < 0.001). Observations of startle response were similar to expected values (expected = 4.5, CON = 5, NET = 4). Frustration with the feeding system, pawing, and pacing were increased (P < 0.001) for NET compared with CON. The CON horses exhibited more trips to a water trough (P = 0.035), while NET horses displayed more shaking, scratching, and stretching (P = 0.035). The use of slow-feeder hay nets increased frustration, stall vices, and maintenance behaviors in horses over 84 d, indicating that feeding from hay nets may result in negative feeding habits. These negative habits include kicking and biting at the feeding system, and increased pawing and pacing.
Keywords	aggression ; body condition ; feed intake ; forage ; hay ; head ; horses ; industry ; nylon ; veterinary medicine ; wastes ; water troughs ; withers ; Texas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104529
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Principles of Therapeutic Riding as a service-based learning course within an agricultural curriculum

Brady, H.A / Lawver, D.E / Guay, K.A / Pyle, A.A / Cepica, N.T

NACTA journal. 2005 Dec., v. 49, no. 4

2005

Keywords	agricultural education ; higher education ; horse riding ; rehabilitation (people) ; learning ; community service ; children with disabilities ; Texas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2005-12
Size	p. 19-23.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1074508-7
ISSN	0149-4910
ISSN	0149-4910
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Matua bromegrass hay for mares in gestation and lactation.

Guay, K A / Brady, H A / Allen, V G / Pond, K R / Wester, D B / Janecka, L A / Heninger, N L

Journal of animal science

2002 Volume 80, Issue 11, Page(s) 2960–2966

Abstract: Matua bromegrass hay (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) is a high quality forage, but its value for mares during gestation and lactation is not well known. Intake, rate of passage, performance, and reproduction by gestating and lactating Quarter Horse mares fed ... ...

Abstract	Matua bromegrass hay (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) is a high quality forage, but its value for mares during gestation and lactation is not well known. Intake, rate of passage, performance, and reproduction by gestating and lactating Quarter Horse mares fed the hay was investigated. In this experiment, 12, 2- to 12-yr-old gravid mares (mean BW = 553 kg, SD = 36) were fed Matua hay (CP = 11.5%) or alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (CP = 15.4%) for variable days prepartum (mean 59.9 d; SD = 23.5) and for 70 d postpartum. Matua and alfalfa hay were fed as the roughage portion of the diet with a grain supplement. Mares, blocked by age, expected date of foaling, and BW, were assigned randomly within blocks to treatments (six mares per treatment). Forage type did not affect intake, gestation length, birth weight, number of foals, foal weight gain, day of first postpartum ovulation, cycles per conception, or pregnancy rate at 70 d. On d 1, milk from mares fed alfalfa hay contained less (P < 0.03) CP than milk from mares fed Matua hay. Milk CP decreased (P < 0.01) in all mares over time. In a separate experiment, voluntary intake and rate of passage of Matua (CP = 15.5%), alfalfa (CP = 24.9%), and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) (CP = 4.1%) hays were determined in nine 2-yr-old pregnant mares (mean BW = 447 kg; SD = 21). Diets were 100% forage. Timothy hay did not meet CP requirements for mares. Voluntary intake of alfalfa hay was higher (P < 0.01) than Matua hay. Intake of Timothy hay was lower (P < 0.01) than the mean of alfalfa and Matua hay. Rate of passage offorage was measured by passage of Cr-mordanted fiber. Passage rate and retention time did not differ between Matua and alfalfa hay; however, the retention times of Matua and alfalfa hays were shorter (P < 0.01) than for Timothy hay. Our results indicate that Matua hay is a forage that can be used safely for mares during gestation and early lactation and for their young foals.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Bromus ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; Horses/metabolism ; Horses/physiology ; Lactation/metabolism ; Lactation/physiology ; Medicago sativa ; Milk/chemistry ; Milk Proteins/analysis ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritive Value ; Phleum ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome/veterinary ; Pregnancy, Animal/metabolism ; Pregnancy, Animal/physiology ; Random Allocation
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Milk Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.2527/2002.80112960x
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Article: Matua bromegrass hay for mares in gestation and lactation

Guay, K.A / Brady, H.A / Allen, V.G / Pond, K.R / Wester, D.B / Janecka, L.A / Heninger, N.L

Journal of animal science. Nov 2002. v. 80 (11)

2002

Abstract	Matua bromegrass hay (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) is a high quality forage, but its value for mares during gestation and lactation is not well known. Intake, rate of passage, performance, and reproduction by gestating and lactating Quarter Horse mares fed the hay was investigated. In this experiment, 12, 2- to 12-yr-old gravid mares (mean BW = 553 kg; SD = 36) were fed Matua hay (CP = 11.5%) or alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (CP = 15.4%) for variable days prepartum (mean 59.9 d; SD = 23.5) and for 70 d postpartum. Matua and alfalfa hay were fed as the roughage portion of the diet with a grain supplement. Mares, blocked by age, expected date of foaling, and BW, were assigned randomly within blocks to treatments (six mares per treatment). Forage type did not affect intake, gestation length, birth weight, number of foals, foal weight gain, day of first postpartum ovulation, cycles per conception, or pregnancy rate at 70 d. On d 1, milk from mares fed alfalfa hay contained less (P < 0.03) CP than milk from mares fed Matua hay. Milk CP decreased (P < 0.01) in all mares over time. In a separate experiment, voluntary intake and rate of passage of Matua (CP = 15.5%), alfalfa (CP = 24.9%), and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) (CP = 4.1%) hays were determined in nine 2-yr-old pregnant mares (mean BW = 447 kg; SD = 21). Diets were 100% forage. Timothy hay did not meet CP requirements for mares. Voluntary intake of alfalfa hay was higher (P < 0.01) than Matua hay. Intake of Timothy hay was lower (P < 0.01) than the mean of alfalfa and Matua hay. Rate of passage of forage was measured by passage of Cr-mordanted fiber. Passage rate and retention time did not differ between Matua and alfalfa hay; however, the retention times of Matua and alfalfa hays were shorter (P < 0.01) than for Timothy hay. Our results indicate that Matua hay is a forage that can be used safely for mares during gestation and early lactation and for their young foals.
Keywords	mares ; lactation ; forage crops ; feed intake ; digestion ; sexual reproduction ; Bromus catharticus ; foaling ; body weight ; foals ; liveweight gain ; pregnancy rate ; mare milk ; alfalfa ; hay ; conception rate ; alfalfa hay
Language	English
Dates of publication	2002-11
Size	p. 2960-2966.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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