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Article: Effect of Steam Pressure Toasting Duration on Snowbird Faba Bean Seeds and the Impact on the Intestinal and Metabolic Characteristics in Dairy Cows.

Rodríguez Espinosa, María E / Guevara-Oquendo, Víctor H / He, Jiangfeng / Zhang, Weixiang / Yu, Peiqiang

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: The response of feedstuffs to thermal processing depends on the type of feed and the thermal processing methods being applied. Steam pressure toasting (SPT) has been used to modify the nutrient degradability and enhance the nutritional quality of pulses, ...

Abstract	The response of feedstuffs to thermal processing depends on the type of feed and the thermal processing methods being applied. Steam pressure toasting (SPT) has been used to modify the nutrient degradability and enhance the nutritional quality of pulses, including faba bean seeds (FBS). Strategic feeding approaches are essential for balancing diets and maintaining adequate nutrition, especially in high-performing ruminants. This research aimed to determine the effects of SPT duration in FBS on the intestinal and metabolic characteristics of dairy cows. Faba Bean seeds (three harvesting years) were processed at 121 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Rumen degradation and intestinal digestion were determined using the in situ and modified in vitro three-step techniques. The true protein supplied to the small intestine was also determined using the NRC and DVE systems. Our results showed a reduced total digested DM (TDDM) with longer SPT duration (quadratic,
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani14030483
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Article ; Online: Using Mid-IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) as a fast analytical tool to reveal association between protein spectral profiles and metabolizable protein supply, protein rumen degradation characteristics and estimated intestinal protein digestion before and after rumen incubation of faba bean partitions and faba bean silage.

Yan, Ming / Guevara-Oquendo, Víctor H / Yu, Peiqiang

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

2022 Volume 273, Page(s) 121022

Abstract: To our knowledge, there is little research done in using vibrational MID-IR molecular spectroscopy- attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for ruminant system study. The objective of this study was to use ATR- ... ...

Abstract	To our knowledge, there is little research done in using vibrational MID-IR molecular spectroscopy- attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for ruminant system study. The objective of this study was to use ATR-FTIR as a fast analytical tool to reveal association between protein molecular structure in faba and metabolizable protein supply and nutrient delivery, and to explore the relationship between protein molecular structure in original and ruminal degraded residue and in situ rumen protein degradation and protein metabolism characteristics of faba bean samples (whole crop, stem, leaf, whole pods, and faba silage). The experiment for ruminant nutrition research was RCBD. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of faba samples before and after 12 and 24 h rumen incubations were collected with JASCO FT/IR-4200 with ATR at mid-IR range (ca. 4000-700 cm
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Digestion ; Fourier Analysis ; Proteolysis ; Rumen/metabolism ; Silage/analysis ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods ; Vicia faba
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210413-1
ISSN	1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
ISSN (online)	1873-3557
ISSN	0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
DOI	10.1016/j.saa.2022.121022
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Article ; Online: Lactational performance, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed whole-plant faba bean silage-based diet with fibrolytic enzyme.

Yang, Jenchieh / Refat, Basim / Guevara-Oquendo, Victor H / Yu, Peiqiang

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience

2022 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 100606

Abstract: Whole-plant faba bean silage has a high content in indigestible fiber. Improvement of fiber digestibility of faba bean silage would benefit animal production. However, there is no study on pretreating fibrolytic enzyme in whole-plant faba bean silage- ... ...

Abstract	Whole-plant faba bean silage has a high content in indigestible fiber. Improvement of fiber digestibility of faba bean silage would benefit animal production. However, there is no study on pretreating fibrolytic enzyme in whole-plant faba bean silage-based diet for dairy cows on animal performance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pretreating whole-plant faba bean silage-baseddiet with fibrolytic enzyme (a mixture of xylanase and cellulase; AB Vista, UK) derived from Trichoderma reesei(FETR) on lactational performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and feeding behavior of dairy cows. The animal trial was conducted using eight lactating Holstein cows (BW = 710 ± 44 kg and Days in Milk (DIM) = 121 ± 17 days) with four levels of FETR (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mL of FETR/kg DM of silage) in a replicated Latin square design. These enzyme treatments were selected based on the previous in situ and in vitro findings that showed positive responses to the whole-plant faba bean silage. The enzyme treatments were directly applied on the silage prior to mixing process. The total mixed rations contained 31% of faba bean silage, 14% of grass hay, 3.5% of straw, 30% of barley and corn grain and 21.5% of concentrate. There was no significant difference of applying FETR on nutrient intake (P > 0.05) except for CP intake, which was reduced in FETR group compared to control (P < 0.01, 4.4 vs 4.54 kg/d). There was a linear effect found in NDF digestibility when treated with FETR, where maximum improvement was achieved with 0.5 mL of FETR application. The milk fat yield, percentage of milk fat and fat-corrected milk were linearly affected by the increasing level of enzyme. The cows fed a diet supplemented with enzymes tended to have a lower milk fat. Feed efficiency linearly responded to incremental levels of FETR. There was no enzyme effect on feeding behavior and nitrogen balance and utilization. Results from this study indicated that supplementing fibrolytic enzyme on whole-plant faba bean silage diets for dairy cows improved lactational performance, intake and digestibility with 0.5 mL of FETR application. However, adding higher enzyme level resulted in negative effects on animal performance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cellulases/metabolism ; Diet/veterinary ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Digestion/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fermentation ; Lactation/physiology ; Milk ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nutrients ; Rumen/metabolism ; Silage/analysis ; Vicia faba ; Zea mays
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fiber ; Cellulases (EC 3.2.1.-) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1016/j.animal.2022.100606
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Article ; Online: Research updates and progress on nutritional significance of the amides I and II, alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, microbial protein synthesis, and steam pressure toasting condition with globar and synchrotron molecular microspectroscopic techniques with chemometrics.

Rodriguez-Espinosa, Maria E / Guevara-Oquendo, Victor H / He, Jiangfeng / Zhang, Weixian / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2023 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: This article aims to review research updates and progress on the nutritional significance of the amides I and II, the alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, the microbial protein synthesis, and the steam pressure toasting condition in food and feed with ... ...

Abstract	This article aims to review research updates and progress on the nutritional significance of the amides I and II, the alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, the microbial protein synthesis, and the steam pressure toasting condition in food and feed with globar and synchrotron molecular microspectroscopic techniques plus chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on (I) impact of the amides I and II, and the alpha-helix and beta-sheet-structure ratios in food and feeds; (II) Current research progress and update in synchrotron technique and application in feed and food molecular structure studies that are associated with nutrition delivery; (III) Impact of thermal processing- steam pressure toasting condition on feed and food; (IV). Impact of the microbial protein synthesis and methodology on feed and food; and (V). Impact on performance and production of ruminants with Faba beans.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2023.2274442
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Article: Lactational Performance, Feeding Behavior, Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility in Dairy Cows Fed Whole Plant Faba Bean Silage-Based Diet with Fibrolytic Enzyme

Yang, Jenchieh / Refat, Basim / Guevara-Oquendo, Victor H. / Yu, Peiqiang

Animal. 2022 July 11,

2022

Abstract: Whole plant faba bean silage has a high content in indigestible fiber. Improvement of fiber digestibility of faba bean silage would benefit animal production. However, there is no study on pre-treating fibrolytic enzyme in whole-plant faba bean silage- ... ...

Abstract	Whole plant faba bean silage has a high content in indigestible fiber. Improvement of fiber digestibility of faba bean silage would benefit animal production. However, there is no study on pre-treating fibrolytic enzyme in whole-plant faba bean silage-based diet for dairy cows on animal performance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pre-treating whole plant faba bean silage-based-diet with fibrolytic enzyme (a mixture of xylanase and cellulase; AB Vista, UK) derived from Trichoderma reesei(FETR) on lactational performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and feeding behavior of dairy cows. The animal trial was conducted using eight lactating Holstein cows (BW = 710 ± 44 kg and DIM = 121 ± 17 days) with four levels of FETR (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mL of FETR /kg DM of silage) in a replicated Latin square design. These enzyme treatments were selected based on the previous in situ and in vitro findings that showed positive responses to the whole plant faba bean silage. The enzyme treatments were directly applied on the silage prior to mixing process. The total mixed rations contained 31% of faba bean silage, 14% of grass hay, 3.5% of straw, 30% of barley and corn grain and 21.5% of concentrate. There was no significant difference of applying FETR on nutrient intake (P>0.05) except for CP intake, which reduced in FETR group compared to control (P<0.01, 4.4 vs 4.54 kg/d). There was a linear effect found in NDF digestibility when treated with FETR, where maximum improvement was achieved with 0.5 mL of FETR application. The milk fat yield, percentage of milk fat and fat-corrected milk were linearly affected by the increasing level of enzyme. The cows fed a diet supplemented with enzymes tended to have a lower milk fat. Feed efficiency (FCM/ DMI and ECM/DMI) linearly responded to incremental levels of FETR. There was no enzyme effect on feeding behavior and nitrogen balance and utilization. Results from this study indicated that supplementing fibrolytic enzyme on whole-plant faba bean silage diets for dairy cows improved lactational performance, intake and digestibility with 0.5 mL of FETR application. However, adding with higher enzyme level resulted in negative effects on animal performance.
Keywords	Holstein ; Trichoderma reesei ; barley ; corn ; diet ; digestibility ; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase ; faba beans ; feed conversion ; grass hay ; milk ; milk fat ; milk fat yield ; nitrogen balance ; nutrient intake ; pretreatment ; rumen fermentation ; silage ; straw ; xylanases
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0711
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1016/j.animal.2022.100606
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Research progress on faba bean and faba forage in food and feed types, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy

Guevara Oquendo, Victor H. / Rodriguez Espinosa, Maria E. / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022 Nov. 1, v. 62, no. 31 p.8675-8685

2022

Abstract: This article aims to review recent research progress and update on faba bean seeds and plant in food and feed type, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics (both univariate and ... ...

Abstract	This article aims to review recent research progress and update on faba bean seeds and plant in food and feed type, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on chemical and nutritional characterization of faba bean and faba forage and feeding strategies to improve its utilization. The molecular spectroscopic techniques for faba research and the association between molecular structure and nutrient availability and utilization in ruminant system were reviewed. The future research direction in faba research was also provided. The study provides an insight and a potential approach using molecular spectroscopy to study molecular chemistry and molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction in faba bean seeds and plant.
Keywords	chemical structure ; chemometrics ; faba beans ; food science ; forage ; nutrient availability ; nutrition ; ruminants ; spectroscopy ; Physiochemical profiles ; nutritional value ; molecular structure features ; whole plant faba bean and forage ; food and feed type ; application of spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1101
Size	p. 8675-8685.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2021.1931805
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Research progress on faba bean and faba forage in food and feed types, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy.

Guevara Oquendo, Victor H / Rodriguez Espinosa, Maria E / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2021 Volume 62, Issue 31, Page(s) 8675–8685

Abstract	This article aims to review recent research progress and update on faba bean seeds and plant in food and feed type, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on chemical and nutritional characterization of faba bean and faba forage and feeding strategies to improve its utilization. The molecular spectroscopic techniques for faba research and the association between molecular structure and nutrient availability and utilization in ruminant system were reviewed. The future research direction in faba research was also provided. The study provides an insight and a potential approach using molecular spectroscopy to study molecular chemistry and molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction in faba bean seeds and plant.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ruminants ; Seeds/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; Vicia faba/chemistry
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2021.1931805
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Article ; Online: Carbohydrates molecular structure profiles in relation to nutritional characteristics of newly developed low and normal tannin faba bean varieties in dairy cows analysed by using standard methods and the vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR-ATR).

Rodríguez-Espinosa, María E / Guevara-Oquendo, Víctor H / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition

2021 Volume 105, Issue 5, Page(s) 816–831

Abstract: To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool-season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool-season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of genotypes and tannin levels on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of faba bean as an alternative protein and energy source for ruminants and its relation to CHO molecular structure spectral profiles using vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR-ATR). Eight genotypes with two tannin levels (low and normal) grown at three different locations in Saskatchewan (CDC crop research fields) were analysed. Chemical analyses were performed using AOAC standards and energy was evaluated using NRC standards. Rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ dairy trial. Intestinal digestion was analysed by a modified three-step in vitro technique with 12 h pre-rumen incubation in dairy cows. Molecular spectral study was performed using Ft/IR-ATR, and the molecular structural features were analysed at ca. 4000-800 cm
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Carbohydrates ; Cattle ; Female ; Molecular Structure ; Rumen ; Spectrum Analysis/veterinary ; Tannins ; Vicia faba/genetics
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Tannins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Clinical Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	1439-0396 ; 0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
ISSN (online)	1439-0396
ISSN	0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13551
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Article ; Online: Utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions and characteristics of whole legume faba bean and its plant silage

Yang, Jen-Chieh / Guevara-Oquendo, Victor H. / Christensen, David / Lardner, Herbert (Bart) / Refat, Basim / Rodríguez Espinosa, María E. / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2023 Sept. 10, v. 63, no. 23 p.6114-6125

2023

Abstract: This article aims to review recent progress and update on utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions and nutritive and anti-nutritional characteristics of whole legume faba bean and its silage. The ... ...

Abstract	This article aims to review recent progress and update on utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions and nutritive and anti-nutritional characteristics of whole legume faba bean and its silage. The study focused on strategies to improve the utilization and bioavailability of fiber through pre-treating exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The review includes features of nutrition and anti-nutritional factors and environment impact, forage fiber fermentation, degradation and digestion, legume bean in various diets, use of exogenous enzyme and factor affecting enzyme action in fiber digestion as well as exogenous enzyme response. This review also provides very recent research on effects of fibrolytic enzyme on rumen degradation characteristics of dry matter and fiber of whole plant faba bean silage and effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme derived from trichoderma reesei on lactational performance, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed whole plant faba bean silage-based diet. This study provides an insight on nutritive and anti-nutritive characteristics of whole legume bean and its plant silage and utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions.
Keywords	Trichoderma reesei ; bioavailability ; diet ; digestibility ; digestion ; faba beans ; fermentation ; forage ; glycosidases ; pretreatment ; silage ; Utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes ; fiber fermentation ; degradation ; digestions ; legume bean and silage ; nutrition and anti-nutritional factors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0910
Size	p. 6114-6125.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2022.2028126
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Article: Carbohydrates molecular structure profiles in relation to nutritional characteristics of newly developed low and normal tannin faba bean varieties in dairy cows analysed by using standard methods and the vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR‐ATR)

Rodríguez‐Espinosa, María E. / Guevara‐Oquendo, Víctor H. / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 2021 Sept., v. 105, no. 5

2021

Abstract: To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool‐season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool‐season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of genotypes and tannin levels on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of faba bean as an alternative protein and energy source for ruminants and its relation to CHO molecular structure spectral profiles using vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR‐ATR). Eight genotypes with two tannin levels (low and normal) grown at three different locations in Saskatchewan (CDC crop research fields) were analysed. Chemical analyses were performed using AOAC standards and energy was evaluated using NRC standards. Rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ dairy trial. Intestinal digestion was analysed by a modified three‐step in vitro technique with 12 h pre‐rumen incubation in dairy cows. Molecular spectral study was performed using Ft/IR–ATR, and the molecular structural features were analysed at ca. 4000–800 cm⁻¹ using the Spectra ManagerII. CHO‐related functional groups were analysed with OMNIC 7.3. The results showed low‐tannin faba bean (LT) presented a highly significant difference (p < 0.05) on rumen bypass starch (BSt) compared to normal tannin faba bean (NT). On the other hand, NT had more total tract digested starch (TDST) compared to LT. No significant differences (p > 0.10) were observed for total digestible nutrients (TDN₁ₓ), metabolizable protein (MP), feed milk value (FMV) or rumen undegraded crude protein (RUP). Results showed differences in physicochemical characteristics among faba bean varieties; however, the predicted production performance was not different within faba bean genotypes. These outcomes suggest that faba bean can be used as nutritive ingredient for dairy cattle without a significant genotype or tannin level effect on metabolic characteristics. Results from vibrational spectroscopic study showed a higher ATR‐Ft/IR absorbance (p < 0.05) in NT on inherent structural CHO (STCHO), total CHO (TCHO) area and peaks (H_1015, H_1076, H_1145), and cellulosic compounds (CEC) to total CHO (TCHO) ratio. Significant correlations could be found between CHO spectral profiles and metabolic characteristics of faba bean, which indicates that structural spectral features of faba bean could be used to predict metabolic characteristics in ruminants.
Keywords	absorbance ; animal nutrition ; cold season ; crude protein ; digestible protein ; digestion ; energy ; faba beans ; genotype ; ingredients ; intestines ; milk ; rumen ; spectral analysis ; spectroscopy ; starch ; Saskatchewan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Size	p. 816-831.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	0931-2439
ISSN	0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13551
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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