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Article ; Online: Snow Cover Variability in the Greater Alpine Region in the MODIS Era (2000–2019)

Davide Fugazza / Veronica Manara / Antonella Senese / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Maurizio Maugeri

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2945, p

2021 Volume 2945

Abstract: Snow cover is particularly important in the Alps for tourism and the production of hydroelectric energy. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal variability in three snow cover metrics, i.e., the length of season (LOS), start of season (SOS) and ...

Abstract	Snow cover is particularly important in the Alps for tourism and the production of hydroelectric energy. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal variability in three snow cover metrics, i.e., the length of season (LOS), start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS), obtained by gap-filling of MOD10A1 and MYD10A1, daily snow cover products of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). We analyze the period 2000–2019, evaluate snow cover patterns in the greater Alpine region (GAR) as a whole and further subdivide it into four subregions based on geographical and climate divides to investigate the drivers of local variability. We found differences both in space and time, with the northeastern region having generally the highest LOS (74 ± 4 days), compared to the southern regions, which exhibit a much shorter snow duration (48/49 ± 2 days). Spatially, the variability in LOS and the other metrics is clearly related to elevation (r 2 = 0.85 for the LOS), while other topographic (slope, aspect and shading) and geographic variables (latitude and longitude) play a less important role at the MODIS scale. A high interannual variability was also observed from 2000 to 2019, as the average LOS in the GAR ranged between 41 and 85 days. As a result of high variability, no significant trends in snow cover metrics were seen over the GAR when considering all grid cells. Considering 500-m elevation bands and subregions, as well as individual grid points, we observed significant negative trends above 3000 m a.s.l., with an average of −17 days per decade. While some trends appeared to be caused by glacierized areas, removing grid cells covered by glaciers leads to an even higher frequency of grid cells with significant trends above 3000 m a.s.l., reaching 100% at 4000 m a.s.l. Trends are however to be considered with caution because of the limited length of the observation period.
Keywords	MODIS ; snow cover ; Alpine region ; length of season ; snow cover spatial variability ; snow cover trends ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Macroplastics contamination on glaciers from Italian Central-Western Alps

Marco Parolini / Beatrice De Felice / Chiara Lamonica / Sara Cioccarelli / Arianna Crosta / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Marco Aldo Ortenzi / Roberto Ambrosini

Environmental Advances, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100084- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Plastics are synthetic organic polymers playing an irreplaceable role in our everyday life. However, their massive use, improper management and end-life disposal cause plastic accumulation in the environment. Plastic contamination is ubiquitous in ... ...

Abstract	Plastics are synthetic organic polymers playing an irreplaceable role in our everyday life. However, their massive use, improper management and end-life disposal cause plastic accumulation in the environment. Plastic contamination is ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including mountain remote areas. The present work aimed at investigating the presence of macroplastics on five glaciers of the Italian Central-Western Alps, namely Cedec and Forni glaciers (Ortles-Cevedale group) and Indren, Lys and Verra glaciers (Monte Rosa group). In late spring-summer of 2020, macroplastics were collected along normal access paths leading to some peaks of these mountain groups. In laboratory, macroplastics were sorted according to their weight, size, color, origin, usage section and polymeric composition. Macroplastics were found along all the paths, with a mean (± standard error) abundance of 18.9 ± 5.1 items per transect and an abundance per linear km ranging between 2.4 and 26.4 items/km. No significant differences of macroplastic abundance occurred between the mountain groups. Polyolefin, such as polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene, were the most frequent polymers contaminating glaciers, accounting for the 31% of the fingerprint, followed by polyethylene terephthalate (12%) and polyurethane (8%). The origin of most macroplastics was attributable to food packaging and items deriving from the wear of mountaineering equipment and/or clothing, which reached glacier paths through deliberate or involuntary abandonment. Virtuous behaviors aimed at limiting the abandonment of plastic waste or at collecting the items encountered on the paths should be encouraged to reduce the amount of macroplastics in remote areas.
Keywords	Plastic waste ; Glacier contamination ; High-mountain ecosystems ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Bacterial communities of cryoconite holes of a temperate alpine glacier show both seasonal trends and year-to-year variability

Francesca Pittino / Maurizio Maglio / Isabella Gandolfi / Roberto Sergio Azzoni / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Roberto Ambrosini / Andrea Franzetti

Annals of Glaciology, Vol 59, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 9

Abstract: Cryoconite holes are small depressions of the glacier surface filled with melting water and with a wind-blown debris on the bottom. These environments are considered hot spots of biodiversity and biological activities on glaciers and host communities ... ...

Abstract	Cryoconite holes are small depressions of the glacier surface filled with melting water and with a wind-blown debris on the bottom. These environments are considered hot spots of biodiversity and biological activities on glaciers and host communities dominated by bacteria. Most of the studies on cryoconite holes assume that their communities are stable. However, evidence of seasonal variation in cryoconite hole ecological communities exists. We investigated the variation of the bacterial communities of cryoconite holes of Forni Glacier (Central Italian Alps) during the melting seasons (July–September) 2013 and 2016, for which samples at three and five time-points, respectively were available. Bacterial communities were characterized by high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the hypervariable V5−V6 regions of 16S rRNA gene, while meteorological data were obtained by an automatic weather station. We found consistent trends in bacterial communities, which shifted from cyanobacteria-dominated communities in July to communities dominated by heterotrophic orders in late August and September. Temperature seems also to affect seasonal dynamics of communities. We also compared bacterial communities at the beginning of the melting season across 4 years (2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016) and found significant year-to-year variability. Cryoconite hole communities on temperate glaciers are therefore not temporally stable.
Keywords	climate change ; ice biology ; microbiology ; Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Accumulation Studies at a High Elevation Glacier Site in Central Karakoram

Christoph Mayer / Astrid Lambrecht / Hans Oerter / Margit Schwikowski / Elisa Vuillermoz / Nicola Frank / Guglielmina Diolaiuti

Advances in Meteorology, Vol

2014 Volume 2014

Keywords	Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Temporal variability of bacterial communities in cryoconite on an alpine glacier

Franzetti, Andrea / Federico Navarra / Ilario Tagliaferri / Isabella Gandolfi / Giuseppina Bestetti / Umberto Minora / Roberto Sergio Azzoni / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Claudio Smiraglia / Roberto Ambrosini

Environmental microbiology reports. 2017 Apr., v. 9, no. 2

2017

Abstract: Cryoconite holes, that is, small ponds that form on glacier surface, are considered the most biologically active environments on glaciers. Bacterial communities in these environments have been extensively studied, but often through snapshot studies based ...

Abstract	Cryoconite holes, that is, small ponds that form on glacier surface, are considered the most biologically active environments on glaciers. Bacterial communities in these environments have been extensively studied, but often through snapshot studies based on the assumption of a general stability of community structure. In this study, the temporal variation of bacterial communities in cryoconite holes on the Forni Glacier (Italian Alps) was investigated by high throughput DNA sequencing. A temporal change of bacterial communities was observed with autotrophic Cyanobacteria populations dominating communities after snowmelt, and heterotrophic Sphingobacteriales populations increasing in abundance later in the season. Bacterial communities also varied according to hole depth and area, amount of organic matter in the cryoconite and oxygen concentration. However, variation in environmental features explained a lower fraction of the variation in bacterial communities than temporal variation. Temporal change along ablation season seems therefore more important than local environmental conditions in shaping bacterial communities of cryoconite of the Forni Glacier. These findings challenge the assumption that bacterial communities of cryoconite holes are stable.
Keywords	Cyanobacteria ; Sphingobacteriales ; bacterial communities ; environmental factors ; glaciers ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; organic matter ; oxygen ; ponds ; snowmelt ; temporal variation ; Alps region ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-04
Size	p. 71-78.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	1758-2229
DOI	10.1111/1758-2229.12499
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Debris-covered glaciers as habitat for plant and arthropod species: Environmental framework and colonization patterns

Tampucci, Duccio / Chiara Compostella / Clara Citterio / Claudio Smiraglia / Giuseppe Marano / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Marco Caccianiga / Marco Isaia / Mauro Gobbi / Patrizia Boracchi / Roberto Sergio Azzoni

Ecological complexity. 2017 Dec., v. 32

2017

Abstract: Debris-covered glaciers are glaciers with the largest part of the ablation zone covered by a debris layer. Recent papers showed that debris-covered glaciers are able to support plant and arthropod life, advancing the hypothesis that such landforms could ... ...

Abstract	Debris-covered glaciers are glaciers with the largest part of the ablation zone covered by a debris layer. Recent papers showed that debris-covered glaciers are able to support plant and arthropod life, advancing the hypothesis that such landforms could act as warm-stage refugia for cold-adapted species due to their microclimate features and thermal inertia. However, integrated research comparing debris-covered glaciers with surrounding landforms to outline their ecological peculiarities are currently lacking. We analyze some abiotic (glacier surface velocity, ice melting rate and supraglacial debris thickness; ground temperature and humidity; substrate physical and chemical parameters) and biotic features (vascular plant and arthropod communities) of an Alpine debris-covered glacier (Belvedere, Western Alps, Italy), and compare them with those of the surrounding iceless landforms as reference sites (stable slope and iceless moraine). Our data show remarkable differences between stable slopes and unstable landforms as a whole (iceless moraine and supraglacial debris). The iceless moraine and the supraglacial debris show similar substrate features, but different ground temperature (lower on supraglacial debris) and different occurrence of cold-adapted species (more frequent/abundant on supraglacial debris). Such differences could be attributed to the thermal effect of underlying ice. Our data support the hypothesis advanced by previous studies: the thermal contrast with the surrounding landforms and the ability to descend below the climatic treeline give debris-covered glaciers the ecological requirements to be considered potential warm-stage refugia for cold-adapted species. However, our data highlighted that biotic colonization of such landforms could be prevented by some glaciological features, like the mechanical disturbance due to the ordinary ice dynamics (e.g. high glacier surface velocity) and time since the last extraordinary ice dynamic (e.g. surge-type movements). The combined effect of such features is currently preventing colonization by low-dispersal taxa as some cold-adapted ground beetles.
Keywords	arthropod communities ; arthropods ; Carabidae ; glaciers ; humidity ; ice ; melting ; microclimate ; refuge habitats ; temperature ; treeline ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 42-52.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2160288-8
ISSN	1476-945X
ISSN	1476-945X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.09.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Bacteria contribute to pesticide degradation in cryoconite holes in an Alpine glacier

Ferrario, Claudia / Francesca Pittino / Ilario Tagliaferri / Isabella Gandolfi / Giuseppina Bestetti / Roberto Sergio Azzoni / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Andrea Franzetti / Roberto Ambrosini / Sara Villa

Environmental pollution. 2017,

2017

Abstract: Organic contaminants deposited on glacier snow and ice are subject to partitioning and degradation processes that determine their environmental fate and, consequently, their accumulation in ice bodies. Among these processes, organic compound metabolism ... ...

Abstract	Organic contaminants deposited on glacier snow and ice are subject to partitioning and degradation processes that determine their environmental fate and, consequently, their accumulation in ice bodies. Among these processes, organic compound metabolism by supraglacial bacteria has investigated to a lesser extent than photo- and chemical degradation. We investigated biodegradation of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), a xenobiotic tracer that accumulates on glaciers after atmospheric medium- and long-range transport, by installing in situ microcosms on an Alpine glacier to simulate cryoconite hole systems. We found that biodegradation contributed to the removal of CPF from the glacier surface more than photo- and chemical degradation. The high concentration of CPF (2â3Â Î¼gÂ gâ1 w.w.) detected in cryoconite holes and the estimated half-life of this compound (35â69 days in glacier environment) indicated that biodegradation can significantly reduce CPF concentrations on glaciers and its runoff to downstream ecosystems. The metabolic versatility of cryoconite bacteria suggests that these habitats might contribute to the degradation of a wide class of pollutants. We therefore propose that cryoconite acts as a âbiofilterâ by accumulating both pollutants and biodegradative microbial communities. The contribution of cryoconite to the removal of organic pollutants should be included in models predicting the environmental fate of these compounds in cold areas.
Keywords	bacteria ; biodegradation ; biofilters ; chemical degradation ; chlorpyrifos ; ecosystems ; glaciers ; habitats ; half life ; ice ; metabolism ; microbial communities ; models ; pesticide degradation ; pollutants ; prediction ; runoff ; snow ; xenobiotics
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.039
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Diversity and Assembling Processes of Bacterial Communities in Cryoconite Holes of a Karakoram Glacier

Ambrosini, Roberto / Andrea Franzetti / Christoph Mayer / Claudio Smiraglia / Federica Musitelli / Federico Navarra / Giuseppina Bestetti / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Ilario Tagliaferri / Isabella Gandolfi / Roberto Sergio Azzoni / Umberto Minora

Microbial ecology. 2017 May, v. 73, no. 4

2017

Abstract: Cryoconite holes are small ponds that form on the surface of glaciers that contain a dark debris, the cryoconite, at the bottom and host active ecological communities. Differences in the structure of bacterial communities have been documented among ... ...

Abstract	Cryoconite holes are small ponds that form on the surface of glaciers that contain a dark debris, the cryoconite, at the bottom and host active ecological communities. Differences in the structure of bacterial communities have been documented among Arctic and mountain glaciers, and among glaciers in different areas of the world. In this study, we investigated the structure of bacterial communities of cryoconite holes of Baltoro Glacier, a large (62Â km in length and 524Â kmÂ² of surface) glacier of the Karakoram, by high-throughput sequencing of the V5-V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. We found that Betaproteobacteria dominated bacterial communities, with large abundance of genera Polaromonas, probably thanks to itsÂ highly versatile metabolism, and Limnohabitans, which may have been favoured by the presence of supraglacial lakes in the area where cryoconite holes were sampled. Variation in bacterial communities among different sampling areas of the glacier couldÂ be explained by divergent selective processes driven by variation in environmental conditions, particularly pH, which was the only environmental variable that significantly affected the structure of bacterial communities. This variability may be due to both temporal and spatial patterns of variation in environmental conditions.
Keywords	bacterial communities ; environmental factors ; genes ; glaciers ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; lakes ; metabolism ; pH ; Polaromonas ; ponds ; ribosomal RNA ; Arctic region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-05
Size	p. 827-837.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1462065-0
ISSN	1432-184X ; 0095-3628
ISSN (online)	1432-184X
ISSN	0095-3628
DOI	10.1007/s00248-016-0914-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Accelerating climate change impacts on alpine glacier forefield ecosystems in the european alps

Cannone, Nicoletta / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Mauro Guglielmin / Claudio Smiraglia

Ecological applications. 2008 Apr., v. 18, no. 3

2008

Abstract: In the European Alps the increase in air temperature was more than twice the increase in global mean temperature over the last 50 years. The abiotic (glacial) and the biotic components (plants and vegetation) of the mountain environment are showing ample ...

Abstract	In the European Alps the increase in air temperature was more than twice the increase in global mean temperature over the last 50 years. The abiotic (glacial) and the biotic components (plants and vegetation) of the mountain environment are showing ample evidence of climate change impacts. In the Alps most small glaciers (80% of total glacial coverage and an important contribution to water resources) could disappear in the next decades. Recently climate change was demonstrated to affect higher levels of ecological systems, with vegetation exhibiting surface area changes, indicating that alpine and nival vegetation may be able to respond in a fast and flexible way in response to 1â2Â°C warming. We analyzed the glacier evolution (terminus fluctuations, mass balances, surface area variations), local climate, and vegetation succession on the forefield of Sforzellina Glacier (Upper Valtellina, central Italian Alps) over the past three decades. We aimed to quantify the impacts of climate change on coupled biotic and abiotic components of high alpine ecosystems, to verify if an acceleration was occurring on them during the last decade (i.e., 1996â2006) and to assess whether new specific strategies were adopted for plant colonization and development. All the glaciological data indicate that a glacial retreat and shrinkage occurred and was much stronger after 2002 than during the last 35 years. Vegetation started to colonize surfaces deglaciated for only one year, with a rate at least four times greater than that reported in the literature for the establishment of scattered individuals and about two times greater for the wellâestablished discontinuous earlyâsuccessional community. The colonization strategy changed: the first colonizers are earlyâsuccessional, scree slopes, and perennial clonal species with high phenotypic plasticity rather than pioneer and snowbed species. This impressive acceleration coincided with only slight local summer warming (approximately +0.5Â°C) and a poorly documented local decrease in the snow cover depth and duration. Are we facing accelerated ecological responses to climatic changes and/or did we go beyond a threshold over which major ecosystem changes may occur in response to even minor climatic variations?
Keywords	glaciers ; habitats ; alpine plants ; plant ecology ; ecosystems ; mountains ; climate change ; global warming ; ecological succession ; plant communities ; Italy ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2008-04
Size	p. 637-648.
Publishing place	Ecological Society of America
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1074505-1
ISSN	1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
ISSN (online)	1939-5582
ISSN	1051-0761
DOI	10.1890/07-1188.1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Potential sources of bacteria colonizing the cryoconite of an Alpine glacier.

Andrea Franzetti / Federico Navarra / Ilario Tagliaferri / Isabella Gandolfi / Giuseppina Bestetti / Umberto Minora / Roberto Sergio Azzoni / Guglielmina Diolaiuti / Claudio Smiraglia / Roberto Ambrosini

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 3, p e

2017 Volume 0174786

Abstract: We investigated the potential contribution of ice-marginal environments to the microbial communities of cryoconite holes, small depressions filled with meltwater that form on the surface of Forni Glacier (Italian Alps). Cryoconite holes are considered ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the potential contribution of ice-marginal environments to the microbial communities of cryoconite holes, small depressions filled with meltwater that form on the surface of Forni Glacier (Italian Alps). Cryoconite holes are considered the most biologically active environments on glaciers. Bacteria can colonize these environments by short-range transport from ice-marginal environments or by long-range transport from distant areas. We used high throughput DNA sequencing to identify Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in cryoconite holes and three ice-marginal environments, the moraines, the glacier forefield, and a large (> 3 m high) ice-cored dirt cone occurring on the glacier surface. Bacterial communities of cryoconite holes were different from those of ice-marginal environments and hosted fewer OTUs. However, a network analysis revealed that the cryoconite holes shared more OTUs with the moraines and the dirt cone than with the glacier forefield. Ice-marginal environments may therefore act as sources of bacteria for cryoconite holes, but differences in environmental conditions limit the number of bacterial strains that may survive in them. At the same time, cryoconite holes host a few OTUs that were not found in any ice-marginal environment we sampled, thus suggesting that some bacterial populations are positively selected by the specific environmental conditions of the cryoconite holes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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